With the advancement of molecular oncology, numerous new opportunities are available
for the effective and efficient treatment of patients diagnosed with childhood brain
tumors. This includes gene panel analysis aiding personalized treatment used in clinical
trials, and the application of targeted therapy independent of tissue type (tumor
agnostic therapy). Most personalized therapies inhibit certain kinases. In our review,
we present the modern pathological diagnosis of childhood brain tumors, as well as
the complex intracellular regulation of signal transduction pathways important from
the point of view of clinical practice, and we describe their further targets defined
on the basis of pharmacological characteristics of the pathway, based on international
and our own results. Despite common mutations affecting kinases, personalized therapy
is not available in many types of tumors. Through the example of childhood brain tumors,
we demonstrate the expected future therapeutic significance of tyrosine kinases.
