@article{MTMT:33735734, title = {The Israel 4 Cloud Seeding Experiment: Primary Results}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33735734}, author = {Benjamini, Yoav and Givati, Amir and Khain, Pavel and Levi, Yoav and Rosenfeld, Daniel and Shamir, Uri and Siegel, Ayal and Zipori, Assaf and Ziv, Baruch and Steinberg, David M}, doi = {10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0077.1}, journal-iso = {J APPL METEOROL CLIM}, journal = {JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, volume = {62}, unique-id = {33735734}, issn = {1558-8424}, year = {2023}, eissn = {1558-8432}, pages = {317} } @article{MTMT:34280749, title = {Evaluation of hygroscopic cloud seeding in warm-rain processes by a hybrid microphysics scheme using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model: a real case study}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34280749}, author = {Lin, Kai-I and Chung, Kao-Shen and Wang, Sheng-Hsiang and Chen, Li-Hsin and Liou, Yu-Chieng and Lin, Pay-Liam and Chang, Wei-Yu and Chiu, Hsien-Jung and Chang, Yi-Hui}, doi = {10.5194/acp-23-10423-2023}, journal-iso = {ATMOS CHEM PHYS}, journal = {ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS}, volume = {23}, unique-id = {34280749}, issn = {1680-7316}, abstract = {Abstract. To evaluate the hygroscopic cloud seeding in reality,this study develops a hybrid microphysics scheme using a Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, WDM6-NCU (WDM6 modified by National Central University),which involves 43 bins of seeded cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the WDM6 bulk method scheme. This scheme can describe the size distribution of seeded CCN and explain the process of the CCN imbedding and cloud and raindrop formation in detail. Furthermore, based on the observational CCN size distribution applied in the modelling, a series of tests on cloud seeding were conducted during the seeding periods of 21–22 October 2020 with stratocumulus clouds. The model simulation results reveal that seeding in in-cloud regions with an appropriate CCN size distribution can yield greater rainfall and that spreading the seeding agents over an area of 40–60 km2 is the most efficient strategy to create a sufficient precipitationrate. With regard to the microphysical processes, the main process thatcauses the enhancement of precipitation is the strengthening of theaccretion process of raindrops. In addition, hygroscopic particles largerthan 0.4 µm primarily contribute to cloud-seeding effects. The study results could be used as references for model development and warm-cloud-seeding operations.}, year = {2023}, eissn = {1680-7324}, pages = {10423-10438}, orcid-numbers = {Chung, Kao-Shen/0000-0003-1459-7242; Wang, Sheng-Hsiang/0000-0001-9675-3135; Lin, Pay-Liam/0000-0003-2370-7554} } @article{MTMT:33735731, title = {A Numerical Evaluation of the Impact of Operational Ground-Based Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding on Precipitation Over the Wind River Range, Wyoming}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33735731}, author = {Mazzetti, Thomas and Geerts, Bart and Xue, Lulin}, doi = {10.1175/JAMC-D-22-0132.1}, journal-iso = {J APPL METEOROL CLIM}, journal = {JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, volume = {in press}, unique-id = {33735731}, issn = {1558-8424}, year = {2023}, eissn = {1558-8432} } @article{MTMT:34279347, title = {Precipitation changes due to cloud seeding operations by WRF meso-scale model}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34279347}, author = {Moradi, Sh. and Javanmard, S. and Ghader, S. and Azadi, M. and Gharaylou, M.}, doi = {10.22059/jesphys.2022.339015.1007406}, journal-iso = {J EARTH SPACE PHYS}, journal = {JOURNAL OF THE EARTH AND SPACE PHYSICS}, volume = {49}, unique-id = {34279347}, issn = {0378-1046}, year = {2023}, eissn = {2538-3906}, pages = {171-178} } @article{MTMT:34106371, title = {A Numerical Study of Critical Variables on Artificial Cold Cloud Precipitation Enhancement in the Qilian Mountains, China}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34106371}, author = {Ren, Jing and Zhang, Wenyu and Kou, Menggang and Ma, Yongjing and Zhang, Xinyu}, doi = {10.3390/atmos14071086}, journal-iso = {ATMOSPHERE-BASEL}, journal = {ATMOSPHERE}, volume = {14}, unique-id = {34106371}, abstract = {In this study, a mesoscale Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model coupled with an AgI (silver iodide) cold cloud catalytic module were used to explore the potential impact of the catalytic position and rate in the catalytic module based on a ground rain enhancement operation in the Qilian Mountains, on 16 August 2020. Results show that the simulated precipitation, liquid water content (LWC), and water vapor content (PWV) are in good agreement with the observations, demonstrating that the WRF model using the coupled AgI cloud-seeding scheme is well-applicable to the precipitation simulation of the Qilian Mountains. It is also observed that there are some differences in the catalytic effect of catalysis at different cloud temperatures. The precipitation enhancement effect is the most favorable in the fifth layer of 15 km, followed by that in the fourth layer of 12 km and the sixth layer of 18 km. Considering the flight cost and catalytic efficiency, the fourth layer is highly recommended for seeding. Furthermore, the AgI seeding rate also plays a crucial impact on ground precipitation. In the case of a seeding rate of about 1.2 g & BULL;s(-1), the precipitation enhancement effect tends to be stable, and the percentage of the precipitation increase reaches up to 10.4%. While in the case of a seeding rate of about 1.5 g & BULL;s(-1), the percentage of ground precipitation increase is 10%, which is 0.4% lower than that of 1.2 g & BULL;s(-1). In summary, the introduction of a AgI catalyst with a seeding rate of 1.2 g & BULL;s(-1) can significantly increase the ground precipitation at a height of 12 km and a temperature of -3 & DEG;C in the Qilian Mountains.}, keywords = {IMPACT; radar; dispersion; PART I; Environmental Sciences; Snowfall; Qilian Mountains; seeding effect; Large-eddy simulations; cloud-seeding model; SILVER-IODIDE PARTICLES; GROUND-BASED GENERATORS}, year = {2023}, eissn = {2073-4433} } @article{MTMT:33338770, title = {Assessment of Possible Precipitation Enhancement by Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding Using WRF: A Case Study}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33338770}, author = {Pourghasemi, M. A. and Memarian, M. H. and Zare, Azimeh}, doi = {10.3103/S106837392207010X}, journal-iso = {RUSS METEOROL HYDRO+}, journal = {RUSSIAN METEOROLOGY AND HYDROLOGY}, volume = {47}, unique-id = {33338770}, issn = {1068-3739}, abstract = {The effects of airborne silver iodide (AgI) glaciogenic cloud seeding on the ice nucleation process and enhancement of orographic precipitation is evaluated using the aerosol-aware Thompson-Eidhammer microphysics scheme. The scheme is coupled to the GOCART aerosol model and implemented into the WRF model. Applying the scheme, which takes into account the aerosols serving as ice nuclei, enables the WRF to explicitly predict the effects of changes in aerosol number concentration on the precipitation formation. The selected seeding project was conducted in March 2015 over the Shirkouh Mountain in the center of Iran. The results show that the increased number of aerosols increased the updraft and downdraft, as well as the clouded volume. Therefore, depending on the relative humidity in the upper levels the airborne cloud-seeding operation is simulated to increase or decrease surface precipitation. Simulation data show that the 24-hour accumulated precipitation increased to 9.52% downwind of where AgI particles were released. However, the simulated seeding outcome for the southern regions is a 4.1% decrease in precipitation.}, keywords = {WRF model; Precipitation enhancement; aerosol-aware Thompson microphysics scheme; orographic cloud seeding}, year = {2022}, eissn = {1934-8096}, pages = {553-560} } @article{MTMT:33338772, title = {Comparison of microphysics parameterization schemes on cloud macrophysics forecasts for mixed convective-stratiform cloud events}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33338772}, author = {Wang, Tiantian and Zhu, Jiangshan and Lei, Hengchi and Shi, Yueqin and Guo, Jiaxu and Gao, Zhibo}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106284}, journal-iso = {ATMOS RES}, journal = {ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH}, volume = {277}, unique-id = {33338772}, issn = {0169-8095}, abstract = {In this study, the performances and uncertainties of cloud microphysics parameterization (MP) schemes for simulating cloud macrophysics associated with mixed convective-stratiform cloud (MCSC) events are investigated. MCSC system is the primary object of cloud seeding for the purpose of rain enhancement in North China. Understanding the forecast uncertainties of cloud macrophysics, such as cloud top temperature (CTT), cloud base height (CBH), and cloud optical thickness (COT), is of great significance for cloud seeding operations. Simulations of cloud macrophysics are verified using cloud data retrieved from the Feng-Yun-2F geostationary meteorological satellite, radiosondes and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) products. The performances of several MP schemes to accurately simulate cloud macrophysics within ensemble forecasts is explored using both grid-wise and object-based metrics. Large differences are found among schemes in simulated cloud macrophysics compared with similar performances in simulated precipitation. In most cases, the ensemble mean simulates more realistically than each single scheme. The ensemble spread varies somewhat according to the simulated variables. For CBH, the ensemble shows adequate ensemble spread, while relative underdispersion occurs for CTT and COT. Detailed COT comparisons of reveal that COT bias mainly comes from the contribution of cloud droplets and snow. The causes of COT bias are further investigated by a detailed comparison of the cloud water path (CWP) and cloud effective radius (EFFR). The study establishes a baseline for ensemble forecasting of cloud macrophysics.}, keywords = {Cloud base height; cloud water path; cloud top temperature; cloud effective radius; Microphysics parameterization scheme; Cloud optical thickness}, year = {2022}, eissn = {1873-2895}, orcid-numbers = {Gao, Zhibo/0000-0003-0161-8593} } @article{MTMT:32873430, title = {Comparison between observed and simulated AgI seeding impacts in a well-observed case from the SNOWIE field program}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32873430}, author = {Xue, Lulin and Weeks, Courtney and Chen, Sisi and Tessendorf, Sarah A and Rasmussen, Roy M and Ikeda, Kyoko and Kosovic, Branko and Behringer, Dalton and French, Jeffery R and Friedrich, Katja}, doi = {10.1175/JAMC-D-21-0103.1}, journal-iso = {J APPL METEOROL CLIM}, journal = {JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, volume = {61}, unique-id = {32873430}, issn = {1558-8424}, year = {2022}, eissn = {1558-8432}, pages = {345-367} } @article{MTMT:32507163, title = {Impact of hygroscopic seeding on the initiation of precipitation formation: results of a hybrid bin microphysics parcel model}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32507163}, author = {Geresdi, István and Xue, Lulin and Chen, Sisi and Wehbe, Youssef and Bruintjes, Roelof and Lee, Jared A. and Rasmussen, Roy M. and Grabowski, Wojciech W. and Sarkadi, Noémi and Tessendorf, Sarah A.}, doi = {10.5194/acp-21-16143-2021}, journal-iso = {ATMOS CHEM PHYS}, journal = {ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS}, volume = {21}, unique-id = {32507163}, issn = {1680-7316}, abstract = {A hybrid bin microphysical scheme is developed in a parcel model framework to study how natural aerosol particles and different types of hygroscopic seeding materials affect the precipitation formation. A novel parameter is introduced to describe the impact of different seeding particles on the evolution of the drop size distribution. The results of more than 100 numerical experiments using the hybrid bin parcel model show that (a) the Ostwald-ripening effect has a substantial contribution to the broadening of the drop size distribution near the cloud base. The efficiency of this effect increases as the updraft velocity decreases. (b) The efficiency of hygroscopic seeding is significant only if the size of the seeding particles is in the coarse particle size range. The presence of the water-soluble background coarse particles reduces the efficiency of the seeding, (c) The efficient broadening of the size distribution due to the seeding depends on the width of the size distribution of water drops in the control cases, but the relation is not as straightforward as in the case of the glaciogenic seeding.}, keywords = {GROWTH; aerosol; Environmental Sciences; cloud condensation nuclei; Droplet size distributions; Convective clouds; FREEZING DRIZZLE FORMATION; STRATIFIED LAYER CLOUDS}, year = {2021}, eissn = {1680-7324}, pages = {16143-16159}, orcid-numbers = {Geresdi, István/0000-0002-3160-7900; Sarkadi, Noémi/0000-0002-2370-8621} } @article{MTMT:33338773, title = {Potential for Ground-Based Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding over Mountains in the Interior Western United States and Anticipated Changes in a Warmer Climate}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33338773}, author = {Mazzetti, Thomas O. and Geerts, Bart and Xue, Lulin and Tessendorf, Sarah and Weeks, Courtney and Wang, Yonggang}, doi = {10.1175/JAMC-D-20-0288.1}, journal-iso = {J APPL METEOROL CLIM}, journal = {JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, volume = {60}, unique-id = {33338773}, issn = {1558-8424}, abstract = {Glaciogenic cloud seeding has long been practiced as a way to increase water availability in arid regions, such as the interior western United States. Many seeding programs in this region target cold-season orographic clouds with ground-based silver iodide generators. Here, the "seedability'' (defined as the fraction of time that conditions are suitable for ground-based seeding) is evaluated in this region from 10 years of hourly output from a regional climate model with a horizontal resolution of 4 km. Seedability criteria are based on temperature, presence of supercooled liquid water, and Froude number, which is computed here as a continuous field relative to the local terrain. The model's supercooled liquid water compares reasonably well to microwave radiometer observations. Seedability peaks at 20%-30% for many mountain ranges in the cold season, with the best locations just upwind of crests, over the highest terrain in Colorado and Wyoming, as well as over ranges in the northwest interior. Mountains farther south are less frequently seedable, because of warmer conditions, but when they are, cloud supercooled liquid water content tends to be relatively high. This analysis is extended into a future climate, anticipated for later this century, with a mean temperature 2.0K warmer than the historical climate. Seedability generally will be lower in this future warmer climate, especially in the most seedable areas, but, when seedable, clouds tend to contain slightly more supercooled liquid water.}, keywords = {climate change; Weather modification; Orographic effects}, year = {2021}, eissn = {1558-8432}, pages = {1245-1263} } @article{MTMT:31625635, title = {Evaluation of orographic cloud seeding using a bin microphysics scheme: Three-dimensional simulation of real cases}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31625635}, author = {Geresdi, István and Xue, L. and Sarkadi, Noémi and Rasmussen, R.}, doi = {10.1175/JAMC-D-19-0278.1}, journal-iso = {J APPL METEOROL CLIM}, journal = {JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, volume = {59}, unique-id = {31625635}, issn = {1558-8424}, year = {2020}, eissn = {1558-8432}, pages = {1537-1555}, orcid-numbers = {Geresdi, István/0000-0002-3160-7900; Sarkadi, Noémi/0000-0002-2370-8621} } @article{MTMT:31566033, title = {Implementation of a novel seeding material (NaCl/TiO2) for precipitation enhancement in WRF: Description of the model and spatiotemporal window tests}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31566033}, author = {Curic, Mladjen and Lompar, Milos and Romanic, Djordje}, doi = {10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104638}, journal-iso = {ATMOS RES}, journal = {ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH}, volume = {230}, unique-id = {31566033}, issn = {0169-8095}, abstract = {Precipitation enhancement might play a key role in combating constantly increasing frequency of occurrence of draughts in many areas around the globe. This article is a numerical study of the performances of two precipitation enhancers using seven different spatiotemporal windows. The investigated artificial aerosols are the pure NaCl-being a well-researched seeding material-and the core/shell NaCl/TiO2 (abbreviated as CSNT)-being a novel seeding material very recently developed. The activation properties of CSNT are for the first time incorporated into the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The performances of two seeding materials, as well as their benchmark against the control case without seeding are investigated in terms of the accumulated surface precipitation and cloud microphysics processes. This study shows multiple advantages of the new seeding agent in terms of both the total accumulated surface precipitation and the increased precipitation area. The best location for release of CSNT in terms of the highest increase of precipitation amount is when both cyclonic and anticyclonic cells are seeded. The largest increase of precipitation area is found when the seeding takes place in front of the cloud and below the cloud base. In this case, the seeded cloud with CSNT releases precipitation over approximately 2 times larger area that the unseeded cloud. The conducted numerical experiments showed that the introduction of CSNT into the cloud environment significantly increases the number concentration of cloud droplets and ice.}, keywords = {Cloud seeding; Cloud microphysics; WRF; 3D numerical modelling; Weather modification; Precipitation enhancement}, year = {2019}, eissn = {1873-2895} } @article{MTMT:31094106, title = {Review of Advances in Precipitation Enhancement Research}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31094106}, author = {Flossmann, Andrea I. and Manton, Michael and Abshaev, Ali and Bruintjes, Roelof and Murakami, Masataka and Prabhakaran, Thara and Yao, Zhanyu}, doi = {10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0160.1}, journal-iso = {B AM METEOROL SOC}, journal = {BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY}, volume = {100}, unique-id = {31094106}, issn = {0003-0007}, abstract = {This paper provides a summary of the assessment report of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Weather Modification that discusses recent progress on precipitation enhancement research. The progress has been underpinned by advances in our understanding of cloud processes and interactions between clouds and their environment, which, in turn, have been enabled by substantial developments in technical capabilities to both observe and simulate clouds from the microphysical to the mesoscale. We focus on the two cloud types most commonly seeded in the past: winter orographic cloud systems and convective cloud systems. A key issue for cloud seeding is the extension from cloud-scale research to water catchment-scale impacts on precipitation on the ground. Consequently, the requirements for the design, implementation, and evaluation of a catchment-scale precipitation enhancement campaign are discussed. The paper concludes by indicating the most important gaps in our knowledge. Some recommendations regarding the most urgent research topics are given to stimulate further research.}, year = {2019}, eissn = {1520-0477}, pages = {1463-1480}, orcid-numbers = {Abshaev, Ali/0000-0002-0504-3160} } @article{MTMT:30308651, title = {Weather model fine-tuning with software container-based simulation platform}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30308651}, author = {Lovas, Róbert and Kardos, Péter and Gyöngyösi, András Zénó and Bottyán, Zsolt}, doi = {10.28974/idojaras.2019.2.3}, journal-iso = {IDŐJÁRÁS}, journal = {IDŐJÁRÁS / QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE HUNGARIAN METEOROLOGICAL SERVICE}, volume = {123}, unique-id = {30308651}, issn = {0324-6329}, year = {2019}, eissn = {0324-6329}, pages = {165-181}, orcid-numbers = {Lovas, Róbert/0000-0001-9409-2855; Bottyán, Zsolt/0000-0003-0729-2774} } @article{MTMT:30952250, title = {Wintertime Orographic Cloud Seeding-A Review}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30952250}, author = {Rauber, Robert M. and Geerts, Bart and Xue, Lulin and French, Jeffrey and Friedrich, Katja and Rasmussen, Roy M. and Tessendorf, Sarah A. and Blestrud, Derek R. and Kunkel, Melvin L. and Parkinson, Shaun}, doi = {10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0341.1}, journal-iso = {J APPL METEOROL CLIM}, journal = {JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY}, volume = {58}, unique-id = {30952250}, issn = {1558-8424}, abstract = {This paper reviews research conducted over the last six decades to understand and quantify the efficacy of wintertime orographic cloud seeding to increase winter snowpack and water supplies within a mountain basin. The fundamental hypothesis underlying cloud seeding as a method to enhance precipitation from wintertime orographic cloud systems is that a cloud's natural precipitation efficiency can be enhanced by converting supercooled water to ice upstream and over a mountain range in such a manner that newly created ice particles can grow and fall to the ground as additional snow on a specified target area. The review summarizes the results of physical, statistical, and modeling studies aimed at evaluating this underlying hypothesis, with a focus on results from more recent experiments that take advantage of modern instrumentation and advanced computation capabilities. Recent advances in assessment and operations are also reviewed, and recommendations for future experiments, based on the successes and failures of experiments of the past, are given.}, keywords = {Cloud seeding; Cloud microphysics; Weather modification}, year = {2019}, eissn = {1558-8432}, pages = {2117-2140} } @article{MTMT:3385333, title = {PannEx: The Pannonian Basin Experiment}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3385333}, author = {Ceglar, A and Croitoru, A-E and Cuxart, J and Djurdjevic, V and Güttler, I and Ivančan-Picek, B and Jug, D and Lakatos, Mónika and Weidinger, Tamás}, doi = {10.1016/j.cliser.2018.05.002}, journal-iso = {CLIM SERV}, journal = {CLIMATE SERVICES}, volume = {11}, unique-id = {3385333}, issn = {2405-8807}, abstract = {The almost closed structure of the Pannonian Basin makes it an exceptional natural laboratory for the study of the water and energy cycles, focusing on the physical processes of relevance. The Pannonian Basin Experiment, under the umbrella of the Global Energy and Water Exchanges project of the World Climate Research Programme, aims to achieve a better understanding of the Earth System components and their interactions in the Pannonian Basin. The scientific basis of the PannEx supports research that can better translate and deliver relevant climate data, information and knowledge for societal decision making through the national hydro-meteorological and climate services, research institutes and universities. We outline the framework for the development of the PannEx in the light of international efforts to provide scientific support and involve international research community in integrated approach towards identifying and increasing adaptation capacity in the face of climate change in the Pannonian Basin. As such, PannEx dedicated observational and modeling efforts also strive to reach results with the global impact. © 2018 The Authors}, year = {2018}, eissn = {2405-8807}, pages = {78-85}, orcid-numbers = {Weidinger, Tamás/0000-0001-7500-6579} } @article{MTMT:27611260, title = {Precipitation Susceptibility and Aerosol Buffering of Warm- and Mixed-Phase Orographic Clouds in Idealized Simulations}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/27611260}, author = {Glassmeier, Franziska and Lohmann, Ulrike}, doi = {10.1175/JAS-D-17-0254.1}, journal-iso = {J ATMOS SCI}, journal = {JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES}, volume = {75}, unique-id = {27611260}, issn = {0022-4928}, year = {2018}, eissn = {1520-0469}, pages = {1173-1194} } @article{MTMT:27596974, title = {Case Study of Ground-Based Glaciogenic Seeding of Clouds over the Pyeongchang Region}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/27596974}, author = {Yang, Ha-Young and Chang, Ki-Ho and Chae, Sanghee and Jung, Eunsil and Seo, Seongkyu and Jeong, Jin-Yim and Lee, Jung-Ho and Ro, Yonghun and Kim, Baek-Jo}, doi = {10.1155/2018/9465923}, journal-iso = {ADV METEOROL}, journal = {ADVANCES IN METEOROLOGY}, unique-id = {27596974}, issn = {1687-9317}, year = {2018}, eissn = {1687-9309} }