TY - JOUR AU - Gábris, Gyula AU - Nádor, Annamária TI - Long-term fluvial archives in Hungary: response of the Danube and Tisza rivers to tectonic movements and climatic changes during the Quaternary: a review and new synthesis JF - QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS J2 - QUATERN SCI REV VL - 26 PY - 2007 IS - 22-24 SP - 2758 EP - 2782 PG - 25 SN - 0277-3791 DO - 10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.030 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1135543 ID - 1135543 AB - The paper discusses the Quaternary evolution of the Danube and Tisza rivers and their main tributaries in the context of evolution of the entire Pannonian Basin, which is Europe's largest intramontane basin, within the Alp-Carpathian orogen. The palaeo-drainage reconstruction of the Pannonian Basin for the pre-Quaternary period is Outlined in connection with the gradual regression of Lake Pannon since the Late Miocene. Deltas of rivers that entered the basin from the northwest and northeast were gradually transformed into extended alluvial plains; thus, the earliest possible ancestor of the Danube coming southeastwards from the Alps could be as old as Late Miocene. By the Pliocene the whole Lake Parnnon was infilled. The former extensional basin formation was replaced by a compresional stress field, which resulted in an uplift of the marginal flanks and late-stage subsidence anomalies. The increasing relief led to the formation of the Quaternary drainage pattern. The actively subsiding young basins were filled by fluvial sediments, transported by the Danube and Tisza river systems from the uplifting mountains. Between the subsiding regions of the Little and Great Plains, the Danube has formed an antecedent valley with terrace staircases between the uplifting sections of the Transdanubian Range and the North Midmountains. The formation of the terraces is attributed to periodic climate changes during the Pleistocene combined with differences in the uplift rate. The paper gives a complex overview of the classical chronology of the six terraces based on various data sources: mostly dating of loess/paleosol sequences, travertines, aeolian sand, and tephra strata overlying the fluvial sediments, complemented by scattered vertebrate faunal data and archaeological evidence directly from the terrace sediments. The Quaternary drainage pattern evolution of the Great Plain, with a strong tectonic control, is discussed in detail. Rivers originating from the uplifting marginal areas were drawn towards the subsiding depressions which served as local base level. Changes in subsidence rates in space and time throughout the Quaternary resulted in the evolution of a complex drainage pattern. A special emphasis is placed on the Late Pleistocene-Holocene development of the Middle-Tisza region and the Koros basin, where the Berettyo-Koros Rivers form an eastern tributary system of the Tisza River. A comparative evaluation of these two areas is especially relevant, as they provide insights into large-scale Late Pleistocene avulsion of the Tisza River. OSL dating, complemented with inferred transport directions determined from heavy mineral analysis of fluvial sediments in the Koros basin, has revealed an ancient large meandering river system that can be identified with the palaeo-Tisza, which was flowing along a tectonically controlled depression during the Late Pleniglacial. Successions in the Middle Tisza region have allowed differentiation between the older channels of the palaeo-Bodrog River and the Sajo-Hernad alluvial fan and the younger meander belts of the new course of the Tisza. In the Tisza system, changes in river style (braided to various scales of meandering) show correspondence to millennial-scale climate changes of the last 25 ka, while in the Koros basin the effects of tectonics are overprinted onto the regional climatic signals. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nádor, Annamária AU - Thamóné Bozsó, Edit AU - Magyari, A AU - Babinszki, Edit TI - Fluvial responses to tectonics and climate change during the Late Weichselian in the eastern part of the Pannonian Basin (Hungary) JF - SEDIMENTARY GEOLOGY J2 - SEDIMENT GEOL VL - 202 PY - 2007 IS - 1-2 SP - 174 EP - 192 PG - 19 SN - 0037-0738 DO - 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.03.001 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1333818 ID - 1333818 AB - Fine-grained sandy-silty channel-belt and floodplain deposits of the Berettyo-Koros Rivers, a main eastern transverse tributary system of the modem Tisza River in the eastern part of the Pannonian Basin, were deposited during the Late Pleistocene under net subsiding conditions. The palaeo-drainage network pattern of a 2500 km 2 large part of the alluvial plain was reconstructed based on interpretation of airborne photographs and analysis of 18th century topographic maps, which show the natural river patterns that predate the introduction of river regulation schemes. The investigation showed that a large meandering river system, with two main channel belts surrounding a floodbasin, entered the alluvial plain from the northeast, and a braided river entered the alluvial plain from the southeast. Detailed sedimentary logs of seven continuous corings and several sand and clay-pit sections were used to characterize different alluvial units. Optical luminescence dating (OSL) of 25 quartz samples and four C-14 datings showed that the sediments are of Late Pleniglacial to Late Glacial age. Transport directions inferred from heavy mineral analyses combined with the OSL ages strongly suggest that the large meandering system represents the palaeo-Tisza River, which supposedly flowed along the northeast-southwest striking Ermellek depression during the Late Pleniglacial. The braided river can be regarded as a precursor to the Fekete and Feher-Koros Rivers, which entered the alluvial plain from the southeast during the Late Glacial. The interpretation of seismic profiles, field measurements of neotectonic activity, and variations in thickness of sediments along the studied profile revealed that river development was largely controlled by subsidence along the Ermellek depression until 14 to 16 ky, and by uplift of the southeastern part of the catchment area. The studied fluvial successions also document the response of the palaeo-Tisza and Koros system to the climate changes of the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial-Late Glacial period. Much of the sand from the meandering zones was deposited during the Bolling-Allerod and Sagvar-Lascaux interstadials, whereas some dated sand units from the braided zone represent the Older and Younger Dryas. The error ranges of OSL dates, which often exceed the duration of Weichselian substages and subdivisions, prevented an unambiguous correlation of the studied sections with the millennial-scale climate changes of the last 25 ky. Meandering and braided river activity coexisted under different climate conditions, whereas locations of the main channel belts are related to subsidence anomalies. The results of A our study thus clearly indicate that tectonics was the primary control on river development. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -