@article{MTMT:32883771, title = {The Potential of N-Acet(3)yl-L-Cysteine (NAC) in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32883771}, author = {Bradlow, Richard C. J. and Berk, Michael and Kalivas, Peter W. and Back, Sudie E. and Kanaan, Richard A.}, doi = {10.1007/s40263-022-00907-3}, journal-iso = {CNS DRUGS}, journal = {CNS DRUGS}, volume = {36}, unique-id = {32883771}, issn = {1172-7047}, abstract = {N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a compound of increasing interest in the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Primarily through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and glutamate modulation activity, NAC has been investigated in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, bipolar-related disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, obsessive compulsive-related disorders, substance-use disorders, neurocognitive disorders, and chronic pain. Whilst there is ample preclinical evidence and theoretical justification for the use of NAC in the treatment of multiple psychiatric disorders, clinical trials in most disorders have yielded mixed results. However, most studies have been underpowered and perhaps too brief, with some evidence of benefit only after months of treatment with NAC. Currently NAC has the most evidence of having a beneficial effect as an adjuvant agent in the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, severe autism, depression, and obsessive compulsive and related disorders. Future research with well-powered studies that are of sufficient length will be critical to better understand the utility of NAC in the treatment of psychiatric disorders.}, year = {2022}, eissn = {1179-1934}, pages = {451-482} } @article{MTMT:32683479, title = {N-Acetylcysteine as a novel rapidly acting anti-suicidal agent: A pilot naturalistic study in the emergency setting}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32683479}, author = {Hans, D. and Rengel, A. and Hans, J. and Bassett, D. and Hood, S.}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0263149}, journal-iso = {PLOS ONE}, journal = {PLOS ONE}, volume = {17}, unique-id = {32683479}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Objective N-acetylcysteine has a demonstrated role as an adjunctive therapy in psychotic and affective disorders as a treatment to reduce symptoms of Bipolar Affective Disorder, Major Depressive Disorder and Schizophrenia. However, its potential as a rapidly acting anti-suicidal agent has not yet been assessed. This naturalistic study evaluates its effect in thirty patients presenting following intentional medication overdose. Methods Eighteen patients who ingested toxic doses of paracetamol received NAC whilst twelve other patients with other overdoses received standard supportive treatment in the emergency department setting. Symptoms were measured using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impression scale at time of presentation, 24 hours, and seven days. Results Baseline characteristics between groups were similar. Both groups showed a significant reduction in suicidality, as measured by the suicide item of the MADRS, over time (p < 0.001). However, there was a greater reduction in suicidality in the 'NAC group' compared to the 'no-NAC group' one-week post presentation (p = 0.014). A greater proportion of the 'no-NAC group' still exhibited severe depressive symptoms (MADRS >32) compared to the 'NAC group' (p = 0.044). Conclusion This naturalistic study suggests NAC may have potential use as a rapidly acting treatment adjunct in major depressive disorder, warranting further investigation of its effects. Copyright: © 2022 Hans et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.}, keywords = {Adult; Female; Male; ARTICLE; PARACETAMOL; DEPRESSION; human; controlled study; clinical article; pilot study; acetylcysteine; Clinical outcome; suicidal behavior; emergency ward; Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; Clinical Global Impression scale}, year = {2022}, eissn = {1932-6203} } @article{MTMT:32303616, title = {A systematic review of N-acetylcysteine for treatment of acne vulgaris and acne-related associations and consequences: Focus on clinical studies}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32303616}, author = {Mardani, Nafiseh and Mozafarpoor, Samaneh and Goodarzi, Azadeh and Nikkhah, Farahnaz}, doi = {10.1111/dth.14915}, journal-iso = {DERMATOL THER}, journal = {DERMATOLOGIC THERAPY}, volume = {34}, unique-id = {32303616}, issn = {1396-0296}, abstract = {Acne vulgaris is one of the most common dermatologic disorders affects people of all races and ethnicities and has many adverse effects on the quality of life. The increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics has reduced the effectiveness of treatment with these agents. There is an increasing focus on the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of acne. This study investigates the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an antioxidant in the treatment of acne vulgaris. This systematic review was conducted through a search in databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Scielo, and Medline using keywords including acne vulgaris, anti and NAC, and all the keywords associated with each of the subtitles. The factors affecting the occurrence and expansion of acne include increased sebum synthesis, hyperkeratinization of pilosebaceous units, colonization with Propionibacterium acnes, and increased release of inflammatory mediators and ROS. Studies have shown that glutathione stimulation following the administration of NAC increases glutathione levels for the detoxification of oxygen-free radicals. Moreover, NAC prevents the synthesis and release of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-8, IL-6, MP9, and IL-1 beta and has shown antibacterial activities against important bacteria including E. coli, S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas, and Klebsiella. This medication has anti-proliferative effects and is also used for excoriation and PCOD. The results of the present study showed the beneficial effects of using NAC in patients with acne vulgaris in terms of the disease complications and comorbidities. Given its diverse functional mechanisms, this medication can be used to treat acne and its consequences.}, keywords = {bacterial; acetylcysteine; acne; inflammatory; Acne scar; Excoriation; anti-; anti-; anti-; N-; hyperkeratinization; excoriated acne; polycystic ovary disease; systemic review antioxidant}, year = {2021}, eissn = {1529-8019} } @article{MTMT:30651282, title = {Effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) supplementation on positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30651282}, author = {Ghaderi, Amir and Bussu, Anna and Tsang, Catherine and Jafarnejad, Sadegh}, doi = {10.1007/s00228-018-2595-1}, journal-iso = {EUR J CLIN PHARMACOL}, journal = {EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY}, volume = {75}, unique-id = {30651282}, issn = {0031-6970}, abstract = {ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of NAC supplementation on positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenia.MethodsA meta-analysis was conducted, and studies were identified by a search of electronic databases from inception to May 2018. Combined and stratified analyses were used.ResultsSeven trials were identified, and data from n=447 participants were included. Pooled analysis showed improvement of positive and negative syndrome scale following NAC treatment compared with placebo, for total (SMB=-0.96) [95% CI -1.69, -0.24; P=0.009], general (SMB=-1.04) [95% CI -1.80, -0.27; P=0.008] and negative (SMB=-0.73) [95% CI -1.29, -0.17; P=0.01] scores, respectively. Significant heterogeneity was found, and subgroup analysis showed significant reductions in studies with a treatment duration of 24weeks, with a considerable effect size on total, general, and negative scores (Total SMD=-0.83; General SMD=-0.67; Negative SMD=-1.09) following NAC.ConclusionsNAC improved all aspects of positive and negative syndrome scale in schizophrenic populations and may be more efficacious with treatment durations up to 24weeks.}, keywords = {SCHIZOPHRENIA; Meta-analysis; PANSS; N-acetyl cysteine}, year = {2019}, eissn = {1432-1041}, pages = {289-301} } @article{MTMT:30762602, title = {Antioxidant therapies in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30762602}, author = {Moghadas, M. and Essa, M.M. and Ba-Omar, T. and Al-Shehi, A. and Qoronfeh, M.W. and Eltayeb, E.A. and Guillemin, G.J. and Manivasagam, T. and Justin-Thenmozhi, A. and Al-Bulushi, B.S. and Al-Adawi, S. and Edalatmanesh, M.A.}, doi = {10.2741/4720}, journal-iso = {FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMARK}, journal = {FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK}, volume = {24}, unique-id = {30762602}, issn = {2768-6701}, abstract = {Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder among children and adults. Impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity are hallmark of ADHD. While ADHD is not on the autism spectrum, they are related in several ways as they have some overlapping symptoms. The pathogenesis of ADHD has so far remained enigmatic, however, there is some evidence suggesting critical association among ADHD and the level of oxidative stress which trigger cell membrane damage, changes in inner structure and function of proteins, as well as structural damage to DNA which eventually culminate into development of ADHD. Although stimulants as well as some classes of non-stimulants are used to ameliorate symptom of ADHD, various adverse effects have been associated with such compounds. To date, treatment of ADHD is done with a combination of medications, behavior modifications, psycho-education, family therapy and life-style changes. The American Academy of Pediatrics officially promote stimulant medications and/or behavior therapy as 'first line of therapy'. In addition to the presently therapeutic armamentarium, evidences are emerging on relevancy of natural products. There has been an interest on the therapeutic role of antioxidants in the treatment of ADHD. The present review aims to highlight the beneficiary role played by different antioxidants in mitigating the symptoms of ADHD. © 2019 Frontiers in Bioscience. All Rights Reserved.}, keywords = {Adult; Adult; Humans; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; antioxidants; antioxidants; review; human; OXIDATION; Child; Child; Risk Factors; physiology; risk factor; GLUTATHIONE; GLUTATHIONE; ANTIOXIDANT; ascorbic acid; ascorbic acid; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; attention deficit disorder; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ADHD; Antioxidant therapy; Biological Products; biological product; Oxidative stress; Oxidative stress; Oxidative stress}, year = {2019}, eissn = {2768-6698}, pages = {313-333} } @article{MTMT:30895641, title = {N-acetylcysteine in dermatology}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30895641}, author = {Adil, Mohammad and Amin, Syed Suhail and Mohtashim, Mohd}, doi = {10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_33_18}, journal-iso = {INDIAN J DERMATOL VE}, journal = {INDIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY VENEREOLOGY & LEPROLOGY}, volume = {84}, unique-id = {30895641}, issn = {0378-6323}, abstract = {N-acetylcysteine is a mucolytic drug which is commonly used as an antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It is a thiol compound, which acts as a donor of cysteine, leading to replenishment of glutathione and thus acts as an antioxidant. It also has anti-inflammatory effects, alters the levels of neurotransmitters, inhibits proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes and causes vasodilatation. Due to these actions, n-acetylcysteine has found use in several dermatologic conditions in systemic and topical form. The drug has been used as an adjuvant in the management of conditions such as toxic epidermal necrolysis, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, trichotillomania, skin picking disorders and onychotillomania, ichthyoses, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, melasma, pseudoporphyria, connective tissue diseases, wound healing and alopecia. It also has a role in protection from radiation-induced skin damage including photo-ageing, photocarcinogenesis and radiation dermatitis. Most indications in dermatology are supported by case reports, small case series and small trials. Higher quality of evidence is needed for its wider use. The drug is cheap and is generally safe with few adverse effects. Thus a greater role is possible for use of n-acetylcysteine in various skin conditions. This review explores the various uses of n-acetylcysteine in the field of dermatology, the evidence supporting the same, the possible mechanisms of action and the adverse effects of the drug.}, keywords = {ANTIOXIDANT; N-acetylcysteine; Drug Reaction; trichotillomania}, year = {2018}, eissn = {0973-3922}, pages = {652-659}, orcid-numbers = {Adil, Mohammad/0000-0002-8697-1451} } @article{MTMT:27553146, title = {Neuroprotective Role of N-acetylcysteine against Learning Deficits and Altered Brain Neurotransmitters in Rat Pups Subjected to Prenatal Stress}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/27553146}, author = {Bernhardt, Liegelin Kavitha and Bairy, K Lakshminarayana and Madhyastha, Sampath}, doi = {10.3390/brainsci8070120}, journal-iso = {BRAIN SCI}, journal = {BRAIN SCIENCES}, volume = {8}, unique-id = {27553146}, year = {2018}, eissn = {2076-3425} } @article{MTMT:27341383, title = {Therapeutic effect of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on symptoms of chronic schizophrenia: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/27341383}, author = {Sepehrmanesh, Zahra and Heidary, Mahsa and Akasheh, Negar and Akbari, Hossein and Heidary, Mahshid}, doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.11.001}, journal-iso = {PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOL BIOL PSYCHIATR}, journal = {PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY}, volume = {82}, unique-id = {27341383}, issn = {0278-5846}, year = {2018}, eissn = {1878-4216}, pages = {289-296} } @article{MTMT:27071387, title = {Micronization of N-acetylcysteine by supercritical fluid: Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo biological activity}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/27071387}, author = {Aguiar, Gean Pablo S and Marcon, Matheus and Mocelin, Ricieri and Herrmann, Ana P and Chaves, Lorenzo M P C and Piato, Angelo L and Lanza, Marcelo and Vladimir, Oliveira J}, doi = {10.1016/j.supflu.2017.06.010}, journal-iso = {J SUPERCRIT FLUID}, journal = {JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS}, volume = {130}, unique-id = {27071387}, issn = {0896-8446}, year = {2017}, eissn = {1872-8162}, pages = {282-291}, orcid-numbers = {Marcon, Matheus/0000-0002-1486-688X} } @article{MTMT:26554750, title = {Cysteinet Dysregulation in Muscular Dystrophies: A Pathogenic Network Susceptible to Therapy}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/26554750}, author = {Arturo, Martinez-Banaclocha Marcos}, doi = {10.2174/0929867323666161129124549}, journal-iso = {CURR MED CHEM}, journal = {CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY}, volume = {24}, unique-id = {26554750}, issn = {0929-8673}, year = {2017}, eissn = {1875-533X}, pages = {312-330} } @article{MTMT:25773845, title = {Possible involvement of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in N-acetylcysteine-mediated antidepressant-like effects}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/25773845}, author = {Al-Samhari, Marwa M and Al-Rasheed, Nouf M and Al-Rejaie, Salim and Al-Rasheed, Nawal M and Hasan, Iman H and Mahmoud, Ayman M and Dzimiri, Nduna}, doi = {10.1177/1535370215619707}, journal-iso = {EXP BIOL MED}, journal = {EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE}, volume = {241}, unique-id = {25773845}, issn = {1535-3702}, year = {2016}, eissn = {1535-3699}, pages = {509-518} } @article{MTMT:26206036, title = {New Pharmacological Agents to Aid Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction: What Has Been Investigated, and What Is in the Pipeline?}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/26206036}, author = {Beard, Emma and Shahab, Lion and Cummings, Damian M and Michie, Susan and West, Robert}, doi = {10.1007/s40263-016-0362-3}, journal-iso = {CNS DRUGS}, journal = {CNS DRUGS}, volume = {30}, unique-id = {26206036}, issn = {1172-7047}, year = {2016}, eissn = {1179-1934}, pages = {951-983} } @article{MTMT:25773846, title = {Signaling Mechanisms in the Nitric Oxide Donor- and Amphetamine-Induced Dopamine Release in Mesencephalic Primary Cultured Neurons}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/25773846}, author = {Salum, Cristiane and Schmidt, Fanny and Michel, Patrick P and Del-Bel, Elaine and Raisman-Vozari, Rita}, doi = {10.1007/s12640-015-9562-8}, journal-iso = {NEUROTOX RES}, journal = {NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH}, volume = {29}, unique-id = {25773846}, issn = {1029-8428}, year = {2016}, eissn = {1476-3524}, pages = {92-104}, orcid-numbers = {Salum, Cristiane/0000-0003-0191-371X} } @article{MTMT:24453694, title = {A voltammetric sensor based on modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for N-acetyl-L-cysteine determination in the presence of tryptophan using 4-chlorocatechol as a homogenous electrochemical catalyst}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/24453694}, author = {Jahanshahi, B and Raoof, JB and Amiri-Aref, M and Ojani, R}, doi = {10.1166/jnn.2015.10212}, journal-iso = {J NANOSCI NANOTECHNO}, journal = {JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY}, volume = {15}, unique-id = {24453694}, issn = {1533-4880}, year = {2015}, eissn = {1533-4899}, pages = {3429-3436} } @article{MTMT:24409033, title = {N-acetyl cysteine does not modify the sensitization of the rewarding effect of amphetamine as assessed with frequency-modulated 50-kHz vocalization in the rat}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/24409033}, author = {Taracha, E and Kaniuga, E and Chrapusta, S J and Boguszewski, P M and Lehner, M and Krzaścik, P and Płaźnik, A}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2014.12.005}, journal-iso = {BEHAV BRAIN RES}, journal = {BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH}, volume = {280}, unique-id = {24409033}, issn = {0166-4328}, year = {2015}, eissn = {1872-7549}, pages = {141-148} } @article{MTMT:24409031, title = {N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in neurological disorders: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic opportunities}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/24409031}, author = {Bavarsad, Shahripour R and Harrigan, M R and Alexandrov, A V}, doi = {10.1002/brb3.208}, journal-iso = {BRAIN BEHAV}, journal = {BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR}, volume = {4}, unique-id = {24409031}, issn = {2162-3279}, year = {2014}, eissn = {2162-3279}, pages = {108-122} } @inbook{MTMT:24409133, title = {Behavioral Responses in Rats Submitted to Chronic Administration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/24409133}, author = {Giselli, Scaini and Gabriela, C Jeremias and Camila, B Furlanetto and Diogo, Dominguini and Clarissa, M Comim and João, Quevedo and Patrícia, F Schuck and Gustavo, C Ferreira and Emilio, L Streck}, booktitle = {JIMD Reports - Case and Research Reports, Volume 13}, doi = {10.1007/8904_2013_274}, unique-id = {24409133}, year = {2014}, pages = {159-167} } @article{MTMT:23606782, title = {The promise of N-acetylcysteine in neuropsychiatry}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/23606782}, author = {Berk, M and Malhi, GS and Gray, LJ and Dean, OM}, doi = {10.1016/j.tips.2013.01.001}, journal-iso = {TRENDS PHARMACOL SCI}, journal = {TRENDS IN PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES}, volume = {34}, unique-id = {23606782}, issn = {0165-6147}, year = {2013}, eissn = {1873-3735}, pages = {167-177} } @article{MTMT:2285675, title = {Protein phosphatases but not reactive oxygen species play functional role in acute amphetamine-mediated dopamine release}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2285675}, author = {Pásztiné Gere, Erzsébet and Jakus, Judit}, doi = {10.1007/s12013-013-9608-6}, journal-iso = {CELL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS}, journal = {CELL BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS}, volume = {66}, unique-id = {2285675}, issn = {1085-9195}, year = {2013}, eissn = {1559-0283}, pages = {831-841} } @article{MTMT:23754943, title = {N-Acetylcysteine as an Adjunct to Risperidone for Treatment of Negative Symptoms in Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/23754943}, author = {Farokhnia, M and Azarkolah, A and Adinehfar, F and Khodaie-Ardakani, MR and Hosseini, SMR and Yekehtaz, H and Tabrizi, M and Rezaei, F and Salehi, B and Sadeghi, SMH and Moghadam, M and Gharibi, F and Mirshafiee, O and Akhondzadeh, S}, doi = {10.1097/WNF.0000000000000001}, journal-iso = {CLIN NEUROPHARMACOL}, journal = {CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY}, volume = {36}, unique-id = {23754943}, issn = {0362-5664}, year = {2013}, eissn = {1537-162X}, pages = {185-192} } @article{MTMT:24489451, title = {The chemistry and biological activities of N-acetylcysteine}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/24489451}, author = {Samuni, Y and Goldstein, S and Dean, OM and Berk, M}, doi = {10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.04.016}, journal-iso = {BBA-GEN SUBJECTS}, journal = {BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENERAL SUBJECTS}, volume = {1830}, unique-id = {24489451}, issn = {0304-4165}, year = {2013}, eissn = {1872-8006}, pages = {4117-4129} } @article{MTMT:23689059, title = {New drug targets in depression: Inflammatory, cell-mediate immune, oxidative and nitrosative stress, mitochondrial, antioxidant, and neuroprogressive pathways. and new drug candidates-Nrf2 activators and GSK-3 inhibitors}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/23689059}, author = {Maes, M and Fišar, Z and Medina, M and Scapagnini, G and Nowak, G and Berk, M}, doi = {10.1007/s10787-011-0111-7}, journal-iso = {INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY}, journal = {INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY}, volume = {20}, unique-id = {23689059}, issn = {0925-4692}, year = {2012}, eissn = {1568-5608}, pages = {127-150} } @article{MTMT:22847161, title = {N-acetylcysteine possesses antidepressant-like activity through reduction of oxidative stress: Behavioral and biochemical analyses in rats}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/22847161}, author = {Smaga, I and Pomierny, B and Krzyzanowska, W and Pomierny-Chamiolo, L and Miszkiel, J and Niedzielska, E and Ogorka, A and Filip, M}, doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.06.018}, journal-iso = {PROG NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOL BIOL PSYCHIATR}, journal = {PROGRESS IN NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY & BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY}, volume = {39}, unique-id = {22847161}, issn = {0278-5846}, year = {2012}, eissn = {1878-4216}, pages = {280-287} } @article{MTMT:21689441, title = {N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/21689441}, author = {Olivia, Dean and Frank, Giorlando and Michael, Berk}, doi = {10.1503/jpn.100057}, journal-iso = {J PSYCHIATR NEUROSCI}, journal = {JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY & NEUROSCIENCE}, volume = {36}, unique-id = {21689441}, issn = {1180-4882}, year = {2011}, eissn = {1488-2434}, pages = {78-86} }