TY - JOUR AU - Kovács, Kriszta AU - Spannagel, Janika TI - Academic freedom: Global variations in norm conceptualization, diffusion and contestation – an introduction JF - GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: HUMAN RIGHTS DEMOCRACY AND THE RULE OF LAW J2 - GLOB CONSTITUTIONALISM VL - 2024 PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 13 PG - 13 SN - 2045-3817 DO - 10.1017/S2045381724000133 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/35432925 ID - 35432925 AB - This Introduction provides an overview of the topics covered in this special issue on ‘Academic freedom: Global variations in norm conceptualization, diffusion and contestation’, which explores what academic freedom means, how this may vary on a global level, how the norm spread around the world and what current contestations look like. The Introduction defines some terms essential to this debate, such as the freedom of science, academic freedom, freedom of scientific research and the right to science, and offers an analytical framework for the various contributions of the special issue. This includes, in particular, a distinction between illiberal and liberal science scripts and their relationship with academic freedom, as well as between different forms of contestations and limitations of academic freedom. Authors from varying disciplinary and regional backgrounds address different aspects of this theme in their respective contributions, of which the introduction gives a brief summary. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kovács, Kriszta TI - Academic freedom in Europe: Limitations and judicial remedies JF - GLOBAL CONSTITUTIONALISM: HUMAN RIGHTS DEMOCRACY AND THE RULE OF LAW J2 - GLOB CONSTITUTIONALISM VL - 2024 PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 21 PG - 21 SN - 2045-3817 DO - 10.1017/S2045381724000091 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/35432935 ID - 35432935 AB - Europe has recently struggled with democratic backsliding and autocratization. This autocratization has accompanied a decline in academic freedom in many backsliding countries, as reported by the Academic Freedom Index. Can the standards set by the European supranational courts effectively safeguard academic freedom? This article provides answers to this question. It argues that despite differences in their approaches, the theoretical conceptions of scholarship held by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) and the Court of Justice of the European Union (ECJ) share an essential feature: both have moved towards embracing the ‘liberal science script’ by protecting academic freedom. The main difference between the two courts’ approaches is the subject of protection. The ECtHR focuses on the individual rights of academics: It protects free speech in the academic context by establishing a high standard for holding academics liable for publicly expressing their views inside and outside of academia. The ECJ has applied the concept of institutional autonomy, thereby setting a high standard for safeguarding the freedom of academic institutions. This standard can be applied with regard to the demands placed by policy-makers on academia regarding its role in democracy, including gender equality requirements for EU research funding. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás AU - Unger, Anna TI - Eurowhiteness in Science: Privilege Escalation and Intentional Sludge JF - SOCIOLOGICAL FORUM J2 - SOCIOL FORUM VL - 38 PY - 2023 IS - 3 SP - 830 EP - 851 PG - 22 SN - 0884-8971 DO - 10.1111/socf.12927 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34037108 ID - 34037108 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - BOOK AU - Antal, Attila TI - Hungary in State of Exception: Authoritarian Neoliberalism from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy to the COVID-19 Crisis PB - Rowman and Littlefield CY - Lanham (MD), Maryland (MD) PY - 2022 SP - 168 SN - 9781793652270 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32737597 ID - 32737597 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sebők, Miklós AU - Simons, Jasper TI - How Orbán won? Neoliberal disenchantment and the grand strategy of financial nationalism to reconstruct capitalism and regain autonomy JF - SOCIO-ECONOMIC REVIEW J2 - SOCIO ECON REV VL - 20 PY - 2022 IS - 4 SP - 1625 EP - 1651 PG - 27 SN - 1475-1461 DO - 10.1093/ser/mwab052 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32475442 ID - 32475442 AB - Disenchantment with global finance in Central-Eastern Europe enabled financial nationalism to emerge as a counter-hegemonic strategy. In Hungary, Prime Minister Orbán put forth his explicit aim to increase domestic ownership in banking to over 50% and legitimized the ensuing re-nationalization of the financial sector with resentment over neoliberal banking practices. The article describes how the financial crisis created an opportunity for Orbán and his allies to usher in a new era of financial ownership structures. It provides a critical political economy analysis of how the Orbán government selected economic sectors to target and how it used a network of associated private actors in its quest to re-nationalize and then re-privatize major banks to a newly created elite, the ‘national capitalists’. In this, financial nationalism constituted a grand strategy to reconstruct Hungarian capitalism in order to regain autonomy and assure long-term political survival within a liberal EU context. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Unger, Anna TI - A hibrid rezsim fogságában. Rendszertipológia, választások és a demokratizáció esélyei TS - Rendszertipológia, választások és a demokratizáció esélyei JF - FUNDAMENTUM J2 - FUNDAMENTUM VL - 26 PY - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 35 PG - 13 SN - 1417-2844 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32774936 ID - 32774936 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás TI - The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition as a Source of Cynicism in the European Union JF - CHINESE POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW J2 - CHIN POLITICAL SCI R VL - 7 PY - 2022 IS - 4 SP - 574 EP - 594 PG - 21 SN - 2365-4252 DO - 10.1007/s41111-020-00168-9 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31634864 ID - 31634864 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás ED - Dora, Kostakopoulou ED - Daniel, Thym TI - Using EU Citizenship to Protect Academic Freedom. An Alternative Method TS - An Alternative Method T2 - Research Handbook on European Union Citizenship Law and Policy PB - Edward Elgar CY - Cheltenham SN - 9781788972895 PY - 2022 SP - 184 EP - 200 PG - 17 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31635233 ID - 31635233 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pap, András László TI - Academic freedom: A test and a tool for illiberalism, neoliberalism and liberal democracy JF - BROWN JOURNAL OF WORLD AFFAIRS J2 - BROWN J WORLD AFF VL - 27 PY - 2021 IS - 2 SP - 105 EP - 126 PG - 22 SN - 1080-0786 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32241213 ID - 32241213 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás TI - The Anti-Enlightenment Tradition as a Common Framework of Fascism and the Contemporary Far-Right JF - FASCISM: JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE FASCIST STUDIES J2 - FASCISM VL - 10 PY - 2021 IS - 1 SP - 16 EP - 51 PG - 36 SN - 2211-6249 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31634860 ID - 31634860 AB - The relationship between far-right political streams and fascism is a recurring topic in scientific literature. However, we find a low number of academic publications which try to create a framework for their similarities. This article uses Zeev Sternhell’s theory of fascism as a tool to measure different interpretations of fascism and the far right. According to its basic statement, there exists an anti-Enlightenment tradition in the Western world, which could serve as a substratum of these streams. This proves two points. Firstly, that there are several political groups which share a very similar political vision, even if their levels of aggression and radicalism are different. This is the reason why many neo-fascist, post-fascist, ‘populist’ and conservative parties have interchangeable rhetorical clichés and ideological patterns. Second, it shows that Western countries could successfully fight the rise of upcoming anti-democratic forces through strengthening the values of the Enlightenment-tradition. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás TI - Anti-Enlightenment In International Business And Trade Law: A U.S.−E.U. Comparison JF - Journal of International Business and Law J2 - J Int Business Law VL - 19 PY - 2020 IS - spring SP - 162 EP - 207 PG - 46 SN - 2151-7649 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32000457 ID - 32000457 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás TI - EU disintegration as cultural insurrection of the anti-Enlightenment tradition JF - JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN STUDIES J2 - J CONTEMP EUR STUD VL - 28 PY - 2020 IS - 4 SP - 434 EP - 448 PG - 15 SN - 1478-2804 DO - 10.1080/14782804.2020.1784109 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31634855 ID - 31634855 AB - This article highlights certain aspects of EU member state culture on the disintegration of the Union from a constructivist perspective. It ascertains that the present disintegration is a result of a long-time existing Europe-wide anti-Enlightenment tradition described by Zeev Sternhell. Its patterns were always part of EU law as well as domestic policy-making; only its strength and relevance were different. As a result, EU policies existed like materials in a dynamic equilibrium: Antagonistic processes like integration and disintegration were melding in EU cooperation, at the same time, in the same system. Without proper circumstances, however, the system can contain more and more patterns which reverse cooperation and cause tensions. On the other hand, the anti-Enlightenment tradition does not necessarily negate the cooperation, but has the potential to change domestic governance and, through this, the principles on which European nations build their cooperation. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - BOOK AU - Antal, Attila TI - The Rise of Hungarian Populism. State Autocracy and the Orbán Regime TS - State Autocracy and the Orbán Regime T3 - Emerald Points PB - Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. CY - Bingley PY - 2019 SP - 184 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30854967 ID - 30854967 AB - Under the tenure of Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, the political system in Hungary has moved significantly in an autocratic direction, yet there is a lack of research explaining the historical context, political landscape and drive behind this shift. This book offers a deep historical and theoretical investigation into how this authoritarian, populist regime has evolved. Backlash from globalization in the 21st century, dissatisfaction with the European Union and international fiscal institutions have created a situation in which Orban’s regime is able to thrive. New kinds of autocracy cannot be properly understood without a thorough analysis of Eastern Europe’s development in the 20th century and the neoliberal agenda before and after the regime changes. There is a major oversight in the contemporary literature regarding the historical and theoretical origins of right-wing authoritarian populism in Hungary. This book explores the main factors behind the Orbán regime including the country’s authoritarian populist past, the charismatic charm of populist leaders, and cooperation between neoliberal and state autocracy. By providing a thoroughly researched historical narrative and offering an alternative critique of right-wing populism, this text will prove invaluable for researchers seeking to understand Eastern European history and politics, as well as populism, authoritarianism and neoliberalism more broadly. https://books.emeraldinsight.com/page/detail/The-Rise-of-Hungarian-Populism/?K=9781838677541 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barna, Ildikó AU - Koltai, Júlia Anna TI - Attitude Changes towards Immigrants in the Turbulent Years of the 'Migrant Crisis' and Anti-Immigrant Campaign in Hungary JF - INTERSECTIONS: EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIETY AND POLITICS J2 - INTERSECTIONS (HU) VL - 5 PY - 2019 IS - 1 SP - 48 EP - 70 PG - 23 SN - 2416-089X DO - 10.17356/ieejsp.v5i1.501 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30659753 ID - 30659753 AB - The paper discusses explanations for attitudes towards immigrants before and after the start of the ‘migrant crisis’. Though the crisis caused changes in peoples’ attitudes all over Europe, the Hungarian case is special due to the Hungarian government’s intensive anti-immigration campaign. To explain the circumstances people encountered during the crisis and the campaign, we first prove that moral panic abounded in society. Then, we show the background effects which affected the emergence of attitudes towards immigration in a political context. In the second part of the paper, we introduce a path model to explain the presumed effect of migration. We analyze this model with regard to the different political party preference groups, assuming that the government’s anti-immigration campaign affected people’s opinions and that people with different party preferences had different attitudes towards immigration: namely, those who were sympathetic to the incumbent party had more negative attitudes towards immigration. This effect has two interpretations. The first is that those who sympathized with the incumbent party were more sensitive to its messages. The other is that those who resonated more with the campaign changed their party preference to favour Fidesz, but those who resonated less with the campaign but used to be sympathizers of Fidesz do not support them anymore. The models show that before the migrant crisis there were only slight differences between political preference groups regarding how anti-migrant attitudes arose. However, after the start of the crisis (and the campaign), diverse processes could be identified in the different political groups, especially in the case of Fidesz sympathizers. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Ziegler, Dezső Tamás TI - It’s Not Just About CEU:Understanding the Systemic Limitationof Academic Freedom in Hungary PY - 2019 PG - 4 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31137618 ID - 31137618 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Unger, Anna TI - A választás mint rendszerkarakterisztikus intézmény JF - FUNDAMENTUM J2 - FUNDAMENTUM VL - 22 PY - 2018 IS - 2-3 SP - 5 EP - 16 PG - 12 SN - 1417-2844 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30617164 ID - 30617164 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Todosijevic, B AU - Enyedi, Zsolt TI - Authoritarianism without dominant ideology: Political manifestations of authoritarian attitudes in Hungary JF - POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY J2 - POLIT PSYCHOL VL - 29 PY - 2008 IS - 5 SP - 767 EP - 787 PG - 21 SN - 0162-895X DO - 10.1111/j.1467-9221.2008.00663.x UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1872626 ID - 1872626 AB - Since the publication of Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford's (1950) classic study, considerable debate has developed concerning the political and ideological correlates of authoritarianism. This paper examines relationships between authoritarianism, on the one hand, and self-identification with ideological labels, attitudes toward political extremists, and party preferences, on the other hand. The survey data have been collected in Hungary between 1994 and 2002. Findings indicate that it is the center-right ideology and political orientation that attracts most authoritarians, yet authoritarian extreme-left also survives. The findings also show that liberal orientation and center-left identification constitute the political counter-pole of authoritarianism. Extreme-right supporters are found to be attracted only to particular aspects of authoritarianism. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -