TY - JOUR AU - Dal Zilio, Luca AU - Hetényi, György AU - Hubbard, Judith AU - Bollinger, Laurent TI - Building the Himalaya from tectonic to earthquake scales JF - NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT J2 - NAT REV EARTH ENVIRON VL - 2 PY - 2021 IS - 4 SP - 251 EP - 268 PG - 18 SN - 2662-138X DO - 10.1038/s43017-021-00143-1 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32185585 ID - 32185585 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [P2EZP2_184307, P400P2_199295]; Cecil and Sally Drinkward fellowship at Caltech; SNSF [PP00P2_157627, PP00P2_187199]; Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS); National Research Foundation Singapore; Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative; French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [P2EZP2_184307, P400P2_199295] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) Funding text: L.D.Z. was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) (grants P2EZP2_184307 and P400P2_199295) and the Cecil and Sally Drinkward fellowship at Caltech. G.H. acknowledges the SNSF for funding the OROG3NY project (grants PP00P2_157627 and PP00P2_187199). J.H. is supported by the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS), the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centres of Excellence initiative. L.B. is supported by the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). This work comprises EOS contribution 344. We thank R. Jolivet, T. Ragon, T. Gerya, S. Barbot, F. Capitanio, J. Ruh, N. Lapusta, M.-A. Meier, S. Michel and A. Gualandi for constructive comments and discussions. We thank J.-P. Avouac for his help in preparing the manuscript. We are grateful to T. Ragon for providing us with data of the Gorkha event, S. Kufner for sharing a raw figure on the lithospheric structure of the Hindu Kush and to A. Webb for providing us with a geological map of the Himalayan arc. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Diehl, T AU - Singer, J AU - Hetényi, György AU - Grujic, D AU - Clinton, J AU - Giardini, D AU - Kissling, E TI - Seismotectonics of Bhutan: Evidence for segmentation of the Eastern Himalayas and link to foreland deformation JF - EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS J2 - EARTH PLANET SC LETT VL - 471 PY - 2017 SP - 54 EP - 64 PG - 11 SN - 0012-821X DO - 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.04.038 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3273926 ID - 3273926 N1 - N1 Funding details: ETH, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich N1 Funding details: 200021_143467, SNF, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung N1 Funding text: Comments by Roger Bilham and one anonymous reviewer helped to improve the manuscript and are thankfully acknowledged. We thank S. Schmid, J.-P. Burg, C. Cauzzi, and T. Tormann for helpful discussions. This work and the deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan were funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021_143467 (G. Hetényi). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910–2012). D. Grujic thanks the ETH Zurich Visiting Professorship Fund for financial support during the preparation of the manuscript at the Institute of Geophysics (ETH Zurich). The instrument pool of the SED and Seismology and Geodynamics (SEG) group at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware. We thank D. Drukpa and his colleagues at the Department of Geology and Mines of the Kingdom of Bhutan for support during the fieldwork. We thankfully acknowledge also the GANSSER fieldwork team. We thank S. Mitra from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER Kolkata) for providing phase data for selected events of stations in Sikkim and West Bengal. Moment tensor inversions were derived by the SCMTV-software provided by GFZ Potsdam/GEMPA GmbH. Megjegyzés-26723440 Group Author: GANSSER Working Grp Megjegyzés-26766825 Group Author: GANSSER Working Grp Megjegyzés-26766826 Group Author: GANSSER Working Grp Megjegyzés-26767115 Group Author: GANSSER Working Grp Megjegyzés-26876796 Group Author: GANSSER Working Grp Swiss Seismological Service, ETH-Zürich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland Institute of Geophysics, ETH-Zürich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne1015, Switzerland Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada Cited By :22 Export Date: 13 January 2021 Correspondence Address: Diehl, T.; Swiss Seismological Service, ETH-ZürichSwitzerland; email: tobias.diehl@sed.ethz.ch Funding details: Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, ETH Funding details: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, IISER-K Funding details: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF Funding details: Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF, 200021_143467 Funding details: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, IISER-K Funding text 1: Comments by Roger Bilham and one anonymous reviewer helped to improve the manuscript and are thankfully acknowledged. We thank S. Schmid, J.-P. Burg, C. Cauzzi, and T. Tormann for helpful discussions. This work and the deployment of the temporary seismic GANSSER network in Bhutan were funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), Grant 200021_143467 (G. Het?nyi). The GANSSER acronym was chosen to commemorate the famous geologist Augusto Gansser (1910?2012). D. Grujic thanks the ETH Zurich Visiting Professorship Fund for financial support during the preparation of the manuscript at the Institute of Geophysics (ETH Zurich). The instrument pool of the SED and Seismology and Geodynamics (SEG) group at ETH Zurich provided the station hardware. We thank D. Drukpa and his colleagues at the Department of Geology and Mines of the Kingdom of Bhutan for support during the fieldwork. We thankfully acknowledge also the GANSSER fieldwork team. We thank S. Mitra from the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata (IISER Kolkata) for providing phase data for selected events of stations in Sikkim and West Bengal. Moment tensor inversions were derived by the SCMTV-software provided by GFZ Potsdam/GEMPA GmbH. AB - The instrumental record of Bhutan is characterized by a lower seismicity compared to other parts of the Himalayan arc. To understand this low activity and its impact on the seismic hazard, a seismic network was installed in Bhutan for 22 months between 2013 and 2014. Recorded seismicity, earthquake moment tensors and local earthquake tomography reveal along-strike variations in structure and crustal deformation regime. A thickened crust imaged in western Bhutan suggests lateral differences in stresses on the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT), potentially affecting the interseismic coupling and deformation regime. Sikkim, western Bhutan and its foreland are characterized by strike-slip faulting in the Indian basement. Strain is particularly localized along a NW–SE striking mid-crustal fault zone reaching from Chungthang in northeast Sikkim to Dhubri at the northwestern edge of the Shillong Plateau in the foreland. The dextral Dhubri–Chungthang fault zone (DCF) causes segmentation of the Indian basement and the MHT between eastern Nepal and western Bhutan and connects the deformation front of the Himalaya with the Shillong Plateau by forming the western boundary of the Shillong block. The Kopili fault, the proposed eastern boundary of this block, appears to be a diffuse zone of mid-crustal seismicity in the foreland. In eastern Bhutan we image a seismogenic, flat portion of the MHT, which might be either related to a partially creeping segment or to increased background seismicity originating from the 2009 MW6.1 earthquake. In western-central Bhutan clusters of micro-earthquakes at the front of the High-Himalayas indicate the presence of a mid-crustal ramp and stress buildup on a fully coupled MHT. The area bounded by the DCF in the west and the seismogenic MHT in the east has the potential for M7–8 earthquakes in Bhutan. Similarly, the DCF has the potential to host M7 earthquakes as documented by the 2011 Sikkim and the 1930 Dhubri earthquakes, which were potentially associated with this structure. © 2017 Elsevier B.V. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Hetényi, György AU - Cattin, R AU - Berthet, T AU - Le Moigne, N AU - Chophel, J AU - Lechmann, S AU - Hammer, P AU - Drukpa, D AU - Sapkota, SN AU - Gautier, S AU - Thinley, K TI - Segmentation of the Himalayas as revealed by arc-parallel gravity anomalies JF - SCIENTIFIC REPORTS J2 - SCI REP VL - 6 PY - 2016 SN - 2045-2322 DO - 10.1038/srep33866 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3163088 ID - 3163088 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: North-South Centre at ETH Zurich; ETH Zurich; CNES; TOSCA; CNRS-INSU; ANR; Swiss National Science Foundation [PP00P2_157627]; Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PP00P2_157627] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) Funding text: We are grateful to people and institutions who have made fieldwork possible in Nepal and Bhutan, namely the Department of Mines and Geology (Kathmandu), Department of Geology and Mines (Thimphu), HELVETAS Swiss Intercooperation Thimphu Office, and all the local drivers. We greatly acknowledge the RESIF-Gmob facilities for making gravimeter Micro-g LaCoste FG5 #228 and Scintrex CG5 instruments available. We are indebted to colleagues who have provided gravity data: Giorgio Poretti (Trieste), Paramesh Banerjee (Singapore), as well as the Bureau Gravimetrique International. We thank a large number of colleagues for help and discussions over the past 10 years at ENS Paris, at Geosciences Montpellier, at ETH Zurich, and in Nepal and Bhutan. This study was financed by North-South Centre at ETH Zurich, ETH Zurich, CNES TOSCA, CNRS-INSU, ANR, and Swiss National Science Foundation (Grant PP00P2_157627). AB - Lateral variations along the Himalayan arc are suggested by an increasing number of studies and carry important information about the orogen's segmentation. Here we compile the hitherto most complete land gravity dataset in the region which enables the currently highest resolution plausible analysis. To study lateral variations in collisional structure we compute arc-parallel gravity anomalies (APaGA) by subtracting the average arc-perpendicular profile from our dataset; we compute likewise for topography (APaTA). We find no direct correlation between APaGA, APaTA and background seismicity, as suggested in oceanic subduction context. In the Himalayas APaTA mainly reflect relief and erosional effects, whereas APaGA reflect the deep structure of the orogen with clear lateral boundaries. Four segments are outlined and have disparate flexural geometry: NE India, Bhutan, Nepal &India until Dehradun, and NW India. The segment boundaries in the India plate are related to inherited structures, and the boundaries of the Shillong block are highlighted by seismic activity. We find that large earthquakes of the past millennium do not propagate across the segment boundaries defined by APaGA, therefore these seem to set limits for potential rupture of megathrust earthquakes. © The Author(s) 2016. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Nabelek, J AU - Hetényi, György AU - Vergne, J AU - Sapkota, S AU - Kafle, B AU - Jiang, M AU - Su, HP AU - Chen, J AU - Huang, BS ED - L., Mitchell / Collaborator ED - D., Sherstad / Collaborator ED - M., Arsenault / Collaborator ED - J., Baur / Collaborator ED - S., Carpenter / Collaborator ED - M., Donnahue / Collaborator ED - D., Myers / Collaborator ED - T.-L., Tseng / Collaborator ED - T., Bardell / Collaborator ED - N., VanHoudnos / Collaborator ED - M., Pandey / Collaborator ED - G., Chitrakar / Collaborator ED - S., Rajaure / Collaborator ED - G., Xue / Collaborator ED - Y., Wang / Collaborator ED - S., Zhou / Collaborator ED - X., Liang / Collaborator ED - G., Ye / Collaborator ED - C.-C., Liu / Collaborator ED - J., Lin / Collaborator ED - C.-L., Wu / Collaborator ED - N., Barstow / Collaborator TI - Underplating in the Himalaya-Tibet Collision Zone Revealed by the Hi-CLIMB Experiment JF - SCIENCE J2 - SCIENCE VL - 325 PY - 2009 IS - 5946 SP - 1371 EP - 1374 PG - 4 SN - 0036-8075 DO - 10.1126/science.1167719 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1280307 ID - 1280307 AB - We studied the formation of the Himalayan mountain range and the Tibetan Plateau by investigating their lithospheric structure. Using an 800-kilometer-long, densely spaced seismic array, we have constructed an image of the crust and upper mantle beneath the Himalayas and the southern Tibetan Plateau. The image reveals in a continuous fashion the Main Himalayan thrust fault as it extends from a shallow depth under Nepal to the mid-crust under southern Tibet. Indian crust can be traced to 31 degrees N. The crust/mantle interface beneath Tibet is anisotropic, indicating shearing during its formation. The dipping mantle fabric suggests that the Indian mantle is subducting in a diffuse fashion along several evolving subparallel structures. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -