@article{MTMT:33698770,
	title = {Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33698770},
	author = {Zinman, Bernard and Wanner, Christoph and Lachin, John M and Fitchett, David and Bluhmki, Erich and Hantel, Stefan and Mattheus, Michaela and Devins, Theresa and Johansen, Odd Erik and Woerle, Hans J and Broedl, Uli C and Inzucchi, Silvio E},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa1504720},
	journal-iso = {NEW ENGL J MED},
	journal = {NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE},
	volume = {373},
	unique-id = {33698770},
	issn = {0028-4793},
	abstract = {The effects of empagliflozin, an inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2, in addition to standard care, on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk are not known.We randomly assigned patients to receive 10 mg or 25 mg of empagliflozin or placebo once daily. The primary composite outcome was death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke, as analyzed in the pooled empagliflozin group versus the placebo group. The key secondary composite outcome was the primary outcome plus hospitalization for unstable angina.A total of 7020 patients were treated (median observation time, 3.1 years). The primary outcome occurred in 490 of 4687 patients (10.5%) in the pooled empagliflozin group and in 282 of 2333 patients (12.1%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio in the empagliflozin group, 0.86; 95.02% confidence interval, 0.74 to 0.99; P=0.04 for superiority). There were no significant between-group differences in the rates of myocardial infarction or stroke, but in the empagliflozin group there were significantly lower rates of death from cardiovascular causes (3.7%, vs. 5.9% in the placebo group; 38% relative risk reduction), hospitalization for heart failure (2.7% and 4.1%, respectively; 35% relative risk reduction), and death from any cause (5.7% and 8.3%, respectively; 32% relative risk reduction). There was no significant between-group difference in the key secondary outcome (P=0.08 for superiority). Among patients receiving empagliflozin, there was an increased rate of genital infection but no increase in other adverse events.Patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk for cardiovascular events who received empagliflozin, as compared with placebo, had a lower rate of the primary composite cardiovascular outcome and of death from any cause when the study drug was added to standard care. (Funded by Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly; EMPA-REG OUTCOME ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01131676.).},
	year = {2015},
	eissn = {1533-4406},
	pages = {2117-2128},
	orcid-numbers = {Gerő, László/0000-0002-7584-9338; Tabák, Ádám/0000-0002-6234-3936}
}

@article{MTMT:31337307,
	title = {Cardiorenal end points in a trial of aliskiren for type 2 diabetes},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31337307},
	author = {Parving, Hans-Henrik and Brenner, Barry M and McMurray, John J V and de Zeeuw, Dick and Haffner, Steven M and Solomon, Scott D and Chaturvedi, Nish and Persson, Frederik and Desai, Akshay S and Nicolaides, Maria and Richard, Alexia and Xiang, Zhihua and Brunel, Patrick and Pfeffer, Marc A},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa1208799},
	journal-iso = {NEW ENGL J MED},
	journal = {NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE},
	volume = {367},
	unique-id = {31337307},
	issn = {0028-4793},
	abstract = {This study was undertaken to determine whether use of the direct renin inhibitor aliskiren would reduce cardiovascular and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, or both.In a double-blind fashion, we randomly assigned 8561 patients to aliskiren (300 mg daily) or placebo as an adjunct to an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin-receptor blocker. The primary end point was a composite of the time to cardiovascular death or a first occurrence of cardiac arrest with resuscitation; nonfatal myocardial infarction; nonfatal stroke; unplanned hospitalization for heart failure; end-stage renal disease, death attributable to kidney failure, or the need for renal-replacement therapy with no dialysis or transplantation available or initiated; or doubling of the baseline serum creatinine level.The trial was stopped prematurely after the second interim efficacy analysis. After a median follow-up of 32.9 months, the primary end point had occurred in 783 patients (18.3%) assigned to aliskiren as compared with 732 (17.1%) assigned to placebo (hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98 to 1.20; P=0.12). Effects on secondary renal end points were similar. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were lower with aliskiren (between-group differences, 1.3 and 0.6 mm Hg, respectively) and the mean reduction in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was greater (between-group difference, 14 percentage points; 95% CI, 11 to 17). The proportion of patients with hyperkalemia (serum potassium level, ≥6 mmol per liter) was significantly higher in the aliskiren group than in the placebo group (11.2% vs. 7.2%), as was the proportion with reported hypotension (12.1% vs. 8.3%) (P<0.001 for both comparisons).The addition of aliskiren to standard therapy with renin-angiotensin system blockade in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk for cardiovascular and renal events is not supported by these data and may even be harmful. (Funded by Novartis; ALTITUDE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00549757.).},
	year = {2012},
	eissn = {1533-4406},
	pages = {2204-2213},
	orcid-numbers = {Ábrahám, György/0000-0002-2272-2317; Gerő, László/0000-0002-7584-9338; Kapocsi, Judit/0000-0003-0204-0009}
}

@article{MTMT:2979507,
	title = {Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2979507},
	author = {Lewis, EJ and Hunsicker, LG and Clarke, WR and Berl, T and Pohl, MA and Lewis, JB and Ritz, E and Atkins, RC and Rohde, R and Raz, I},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa011303},
	journal-iso = {NEW ENGL J MED},
	journal = {NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE},
	volume = {345},
	unique-id = {2979507},
	issn = {0028-4793},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether either the angiotensin-II-receptor blocker irbesartan or the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine slows the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of its capacity to lower the systemic blood pressure. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1715 hypertensive patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes to treatment with irbesartan (300 mg daily), amlodipine (10 mg daily), or placebo. The target blood pressure was 135/85 mm Hg or less in all groups. We compared the groups with regard to the time to the primary composite end point of a doubling of the base-line serum creatinine concentration, the development of end-stage renal disease, or death from any cause. We also compared them with regard to the time to a secondary, cardiovascular composite end point. RESULTS: The mean duration of follow-up was 2.6 years. Treatment with irbesartan was associated with a risk of the primary composite end point that was 20 percent lower than that in the placebo group (P=0.02) and 23 percent lower than that in the amlodipine group (P=0.006). The risk of a doubling of the serum creatinine concentration was 33 percent lower in the irbesartan group than in the placebo group (P=0.003) and 37 percent lower in the irbesartan group than in the amlodipine group (P<0.001). Treatment with irbesartan was associated with a relative risk of end-stage renal disease that was 23 percent lower than that in both other groups (P=0.07 for both comparisons). These differences were not explained by differences in the blood pressures that were achieved. The serum creatinine concentration increased 24 percent more slowly in the irbesartan group than in the placebo group (P=0.008) and 21 percent more slowly than in the amlodipine group (P=0.02). There were no significant differences in the rates of death from any cause or in the cardiovascular composite end point. CONCLUSIONS: The angiotensin-II-receptor blocker irbesartan is effective in protecting against the progression of nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. This protection is independent of the reduction in blood pressure it causes.},
	keywords = {Aged; Adult; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Humans; Double-Blind Method; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*complications; Creatinine/blood; Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use; Proportional Hazards Models; Tetrazoles/adverse effects/*therapeutic use; Biphenyl Compounds/adverse effects/*therapeutic use; Diabetic Nephropathies/complications/*drug therapy; Kidney Failure, Chronic/prevention & control; Antihypertensive Agents/adverse effects/*therapeutic use; Hypertension/complications/drug therapy; *Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Amlodipine/adverse effects/therapeutic use},
	year = {2001},
	eissn = {1533-4406},
	pages = {851-860}
}