@article{MTMT:3087680,
	title = {Validation of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) and evaluation of the nine DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder criteria.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3087680},
	author = {Király, Orsolya and Sleczka, P and Pontes, HM and Urbán, Róbert and Griffiths, MD and Demetrovics, Zsolt},
	doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.005},
	journal-iso = {ADDICT BEHAV},
	journal = {ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS},
	volume = {64},
	unique-id = {3087680},
	issn = {0306-4603},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The inclusion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in the DSM-5 (Section 3) has given rise to much scholarly debate regarding the proposed criteria and their operationalization. The present study's aim was threefold: to (i) develop and validate a brief psychometric instrument (Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test; IGDT-10) to assess IGD using definitions suggested in DSM-5, (ii) contribute to ongoing debate regards the usefulness and validity of each of the nine IGD criteria (using Item Response Theory [IRT]), and (iii) investigate the cut-off threshold suggested in the DSM-5. METHODS: An online gamer sample of 4887 gamers (age range 14-64years, mean age 22.2years [SD=6.4], 92.5% male) was collected through Facebook and a gaming-related website with the cooperation of a popular Hungarian gaming magazine. A shopping voucher of approx. 300 Euros was drawn between participants to boost participation (i.e., lottery incentive). Confirmatory factor analysis and a structural regression model were used to test the psychometric properties of the IGDT-10 and IRT analysis was conducted to test the measurement performance of the nine IGD criteria. Finally, Latent Class Analysis along with sensitivity and specificity analysis were used to investigate the cut-off threshold proposed in the DSM-5. RESULTS: Analysis supported IGDT-10's validity, reliability, and suitability to be used in future research. Findings of the IRT analysis suggest IGD is manifested through a different set of symptoms depending on the level of severity of the disorder. More specifically, "continuation", "preoccupation", "negative consequences" and "escape" were associated with lower severity of IGD, while "tolerance", "loss of control", "giving up other activities" and "deception" criteria were associated with more severe levels. "Preoccupation" and "escape" provided very little information to the estimation IGD severity. Finally, the DSM-5 suggested threshold appeared to be supported by our statistical analyses. CONCLUSIONS: IGDT-10 is a valid and reliable instrument to assess IGD as proposed in the DSM-5. Apparently the nine criteria do not explain IGD in the same way, suggesting that additional studies are needed to assess the characteristics and intricacies of each criterion and how they account to explain IGD.},
	year = {2017},
	eissn = {1873-6327},
	pages = {253-260},
	orcid-numbers = {Király, Orsolya/0000-0001-9981-4212; Urbán, Róbert/0000-0002-2058-5937; Demetrovics, Zsolt/0000-0001-5604-7551}
}

@article{MTMT:3104769,
	title = {Individual and culture-level components of survey response styles: A multi-level analysis using cultural models of selfhood.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3104769},
	author = {Smith, PB and Vignoles, VL and Becker, M and Owe, E and Easterbrook, M J and Brown, R and Bourguignon, D and Garðarsdóttir, R B and Kreuzbauer, R and Cendales, Ayala B and Yuki, M and Zhang, J L S and Chobthamkit, P and Jaafar, J L and Fischer, R and Milfont, T L and Gavreliuc, A and Baguma, P and Bond, MH and Martin, M and Gausel, N and Schwartz, S J and Des Rosiers, S E and Tatarko, A and González, R and Didier, N and Carrasco, D and Lay, S and Nizharadze, G and Torres, A and Camino, L and Abuhamdeh, S and Macapagal, ME and Koller, SH and Herman, G and Courtois, M and Fritsche, I and Espinosa, A and Villamar, J A and Regalia, C and Manzi, C and Brambilla, M and Zinkeng, M and Jalal, B and Kusdil, E and Amponsah, B and Çağlar, S and Mekonnen, K H and Möller, B and Zhang, X and Schweiger, Gallo I and Prieto, Gil P and Lorente, Clemares R and Campara, G and Aldhafri, S and Fülöp, Márta and Pyszczynski, T and Kesebir, P and Harb, C},
	doi = {10.1002/ijop.12293},
	journal-iso = {INT J PSYCHOL},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY},
	volume = {51},
	unique-id = {3104769},
	issn = {0020-7594},
	year = {2016},
	eissn = {1464-066X},
	pages = {453-463},
	orcid-numbers = {Fülöp, Márta/0000-0002-5020-041X}
}

@article{MTMT:2774535,
	title = {The Conceptualisation and Measurement of DSM-5 Internet Gaming Disorder: The Development of the IGD-20 Test.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2774535},
	author = {Pontes, HM and Király, Orsolya and Demetrovics, Zsolt and Griffiths, MD},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0110137},
	journal-iso = {PLOS ONE},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {9},
	unique-id = {2774535},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over the last decade, there has been growing concern about 'gaming addiction' and its widely documented detrimental impacts on a minority of individuals that play excessively. The latest (fifth) edition of the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) included nine criteria for the potential diagnosis of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and noted that it was a condition that warranted further empirical study. AIM: The main aim of this study was to develop a valid and reliable standardised psychometrically robust tool in addition to providing empirically supported cut-off points. METHODS: A sample of 1003 gamers (85.2% males; mean age 26 years) from 57 different countries were recruited via online gaming forums. Validity was assessed by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), criterion-related validity, and concurrent validity. Latent profile analysis was also carried to distinguish disordered gamers from non-disordered gamers. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine an empirical cut-off for the test. RESULTS: The CFA confirmed the viability of IGD-20 Test with a six-factor structure (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict and relapse) for the assessment of IGD according to the nine criteria from DSM-5. The IGD-20 Test proved to be valid and reliable. According to the latent profile analysis, 5.3% of the total participants were classed as disordered gamers. Additionally, an optimal empirical cut-off of 71 points (out of 100) seemed to be adequate according to the sensitivity and specificity analyses carried. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings support the viability of the IGD-20 Test as an adequate standardised psychometrically robust tool for assessing internet gaming disorder. Consequently, the new instrument represents the first step towards unification and consensus in the field of gaming studies.},
	year = {2014},
	eissn = {1932-6203},
	orcid-numbers = {Király, Orsolya/0000-0001-9981-4212; Demetrovics, Zsolt/0000-0001-5604-7551}
}