@article{MTMT:2568530,
	title = {Beneficial effect of pentoxifylline on thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO)*: a pilot study.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2568530},
	author = {Balazs, C and Kiss, E and Vamos, A and Molnár, Ildikó and Farid, NR},
	journal-iso = {J CLIN ENDOCR METAB},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM},
	volume = {82},
	unique-id = {2568530},
	issn = {0021-972X},
	abstract = {We have previously found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) inhibited cytokine induced HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by retroorbital fibroblasts. We have now tested the clinical efficacy of Ptx in treating TAO. Ten patients with moderately severe ophthalmopathy were selected for study. All patients were euthyroid before and during the 12 weeks of the Ptx therapy. Serum GAG, TNF-alpha, anti-TSH-receptor, anti-eye muscle, anti-thyroglobulin and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies were determined sequentially. At the end of 12 weeks eight of the ten patients showed improvement in soft tissue but not in proptosis or extraocular muscle involvement. At baseline the levels of GAG (5.2+/-0.92 mg/dl v.s. 0.7+/-0.14 mg/dl, p<0.001) and TNF-alpha (33.6+/-6.6 pg/ml v.s. 5.4+/-1.3 pg/ml, p<0.001) were increased in patients compared to controls. They gradually decreased in the eight patients who responded to Ptx: after 4, 8 and 12 weeks of therapy serum GAG was 3.4+/-0.42 mg/dl, 2.5+/-0.77 mg/dl (p<0.01) and 1.1+/-0.2 mg/dl (p<0.001), respectively and serum TNF-alpha was 20.9+/-4.8 pg/ml, 14.9+/-2.2 pg/ml (p<0.05) and 9.7+/-1.8 pg/ml (p<0.01), respectively. Serum GAG and TNF alpha did not fall in the two patients who did not respond. The titre of anti-eye muscle antibodies but not anti-thyroid antibodies were lower at 12 weeks. Ptx has a beneficial effect on inflammatory symptoms of TAO and associated laboratory parameters in the majority of patients.},
	keywords = {Adult; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Humans; Treatment Outcome; Pilot Projects; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/analysis; Autoantibodies/analysis; Pentoxifylline/adverse effects/*therapeutic use; Oculomotor Muscles/immunology; Graves Disease/blood/*drug therapy/immunology; Glycosaminoglycans/blood},
	year = {1997},
	eissn = {1945-7197},
	pages = {1999-2002}
}

@article{MTMT:2568531,
	title = {High circulating IL-6 level in Graves' ophthalmopathy.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2568531},
	author = {Molnár, Ildikó and Balazs, C},
	doi = {10.3109/08916939708996275},
	journal-iso = {AUTOIMMUNITY},
	journal = {AUTOIMMUNITY},
	volume = {25},
	unique-id = {2568531},
	issn = {0891-6934},
	abstract = {IL-6 is a paracrine and autocrine cytokine, which acts in the regulation of immunological and inflammatory processes. Its production can be observed in different cell types, as well as thyrocytes. The purpose of the study was to examine the serum IL-6 levels between the patients with Graves' disease (N = 47) and without (N = 29) ophthalmopathy in respect of the presence of inflammatory eye signs and thyroiditis, thyroid function and radioiodine or medical treatments. The serum IL-6 levels were greater (P < 0.025) in the patients with ophthalmopathy (440 +/- 32.4 pg/ml) than in those without eye disease (81.6 +/- 25.2 pg/ml). An elevated serum IL-6 levels could be detected in 22 out of 47 patients with ophthalmopathy with longer manifestation of thyroid disease than one year in comparison with those who had shorter (694 +/- 35.3 pg/ml vs 215.8 +/- 27.9 pg/ml, P < 0.05). The increase showed a strong association with the inflammatory signs of eye disease in the patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism compared with those without ophthalmopathy (513.3 +/- 33.7 pg/ml vs 96.9 +/- 12.1 pg/ml, P < 0.025). Euthyroid function and the presence of thyroiditis did not influence the serum IL-6 levels. Radioiodine and medical treatments did not lead to a remarkable decrease in the serum IL-6 levels. The results supported that IL-6 cytokine may be an important factor in the inflammatory events of Graves' ophthalmopathy.},
	keywords = {Aged; Adult; Adolescent; Female; Middle Aged; Male; Humans; Interleukin-6/*blood; Eye/pathology; Graves Disease/blood/*immunology/pathology},
	year = {1997},
	eissn = {1607-842X},
	pages = {91-96}
}