@article{MTMT:1429600, title = {Endocrine factors in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in females: a review of the physiological roles and interactions of ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1429600}, author = {Somogyi, Virág and Győrffy, Andrea and Scalise, TJ and Kiss, Dávid Sándor and Goszleth, Gréta and Bartha, Tibor and Frenyó V., László and Zsarnovszky, Attila}, doi = {10.1017/S0954422411000035}, journal-iso = {NUTR RES REV}, journal = {NUTRITION RESEARCH REVIEWS}, volume = {24}, unique-id = {1429600}, issn = {0954-4224}, abstract = {Controlling energy homeostasis involves modulating the desire to eat and regulating energy expenditure. The controlling machinery includes a complex interplay of hormones secreted at various peripheral endocrine endpoints, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the adipose tissue, thyroid gland and thyroid hormone-exporting organs, the ovary and the pancreas, and, last but not least, the brain itself. The peripheral hormones that are the focus of the present review (ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin) play integrated regulatory roles in and provide feedback information on the nutritional and energetic status of the body. As peripheral signals, these hormones modulate central pathways in the brain, including the hypothalamus, to influence food intake, energy expenditure and to maintain energy homeostasis. Since the growth of the literature on the role of various hormones in the regulation of energy homeostasis shows a remarkable and dynamic expansion, it is now becoming increasingly difficult to understand the individual and interactive roles of hormonal mechanisms in their true complexity. Therefore, our goal is to review, in the context of general physiology, the roles of the five best-known peripheral trophic hormones (ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin, respectively) and discuss their interactions in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake.}, year = {2011}, eissn = {1475-2700}, pages = {132-154}, orcid-numbers = {Győrffy, Andrea/0000-0001-7110-1464} } @article{MTMT:3419070, title = {The tissue distribution of the mRNA of ghrelin and subtypes of its receptor, GHS-R, in humans}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3419070}, author = {Gnanapavan, S and Kola, B and Bustin, SA and Morris, DG and McGee, P and Fairclough, P and Bhattacharya, S and Carpenter, R and Grossman, AB and Korbonits, Márta}, doi = {10.1210/jc.87.6.2988}, journal-iso = {J CLIN ENDOCR METAB}, journal = {JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM}, volume = {87}, unique-id = {3419070}, issn = {0021-972X}, abstract = {Ghrelin is a novel growth hormone-releasing peptide, originally identified in the rat stomach as the endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue-receptor (GHS-R1a). Ghrelin is involved in the regulation of GH release, but it has recently been suggested that ghrelin may have other actions, including effects on appetite, carbohydrate metabolism, heart, kidney, pancreas, gonads, and cell proliferation. The distribution of ghrelin, its functional receptor (type 1a) and the unspliced, non-functional GHS-R type 1b mRNA expression was investigated in various human tissues using classical and real-time reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. GHS-R1a was predominantly expressed in the pituitary and at much lower levels in the thyroid gland, pancreas, spleen, myocardium and adrenal gland. In contrast, ghrelin was found in the stomach, other parts of the gut and, indeed, in all the tissues studied (adrenal gland, atrium, breast, buccal mucosa, esophagus, Fallopian tube, fat tissue, gall bladder, human lymphocytes, ileum, kidney, left colon, liver, lung, lymph node, muscle, muscle, myocardium, ovary, pancreas, pituitary, placenta, prostate, right colon, skin, spleen, testis, thyroid, and vein). GHS-R1b expression was also widespread in all tissues studied. The significance of the widespread tissue distribution of ghrelin remains to be determined. These data suggest that ghrelin might have widespread physiological effects via different, partly unidentified, subtypes of the GHS-R in endocrine and non-endocrine tissues.}, keywords = {Humans; PEPTIDES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; ARTICLE; STOMACH; human; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; priority journal; controlled study; PANCREAS; SPLEEN; cell proliferation; adrenal gland; RNA Splicing; Reference Values; Ghrelin; carbohydrate metabolism; protein expression; RNA, Messenger; messenger rna; human tissue; hypophysis; heart muscle; Receptors, Cell Surface; G protein coupled receptor; Appetite; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Peptide Hormones; Fallopia; unidentified subtype; Growth hormone secretagogue receptor}, year = {2002}, eissn = {1945-7197}, pages = {2988-2991} }