@article{MTMT:2320880,
	title = {Morphometry of scoria cones located on a volcano flank: A case study from Mt. Etna (Italy), based on high-resolution LiDAR data},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2320880},
	author = {Favalli, M and Karátson, Dávid and Mazzarini, F and Pareschi, MT and Boschi, E},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.011},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {186},
	unique-id = {2320880},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {By using new high-resolution (2 m) digital elevation model derived from the 2005 LiDAR survey of Mt. Etna volcano (Italy), our study measured the classical morphometrical parameters for scoria cones, i.e. W(co) (cone width), W(cr) (crater diameter), H (cone height) as well as volume, inclination of cone slope and substrate, and a number of other parameters for 135 scoria cones of Mt. Etna. Volume and age distribution of cones shows that there is no direct structural control on their emplacement in terms of Etna's rift zones. The cones are progressively smaller in size toward summit, which can be explained by the large volcano's feeding system and progressively frequent lava burial toward top. A careful analysis of H/W(co) ratio (determined as 0.18 for other volcanic fields worldwide) shows that this ratio strongly depends on (1) the calculation method of H and (2) lava burial of cone. For Etnean cones, applying an improved method for calculating H relative to the dipping substrate results in a significantly lowered standard H/W(co) ratio (0.137), which in turn questions the validity of the classical value of 0.18 in the case of large central volcanoes. The reduction of the ratio is not only due to methodology but also to the common lava burial. This can be expressed even better if H(mean) is used instead of H(max) (H(mean)/W(co) = 0.098). Using this measure, at Etna, well formed cones have higher ratios than structurally deformed (e. g. double or rifted) cones. Furthermore, although the sampled scoria cones at Etna have formed in a relatively narrow time interval (<6500 yrs BP), there is a slight decrease in H/W(co) corresponding to erosional changes detected globally (H/W(co) = 0.143, 0.135 and 0.115 for three age classes of Etna's scoria cones, corresponding to average slopes of 26.6, 23.9 and 23.7 degrees). Because the morphometrical effect of position on a dipping substrate as well as lava burial exceeds the effect of erosion, we call attention to use caution in simply using the H/W(co) ratio of scoria cones for detecting age, especially on large active volcanoes. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {GROWTH; EVOLUTION; AGE; DEGRADATION; MORPHOLOGY; morphometry; FIELDS; SCORIA CONE; ERUPTION; DEM analysis; H/W(co) ratio; Etna; MOUNT-ETNA; CINDER CONES},
	year = {2009},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {320-330},
	orcid-numbers = {Karátson, Dávid/0000-0003-0386-1239}
}

@article{MTMT:1384782,
	title = {Phreatomagmatic volcanic hazards where rift-systems meet the sea, a study from Ambae Island, Vanuatu},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384782},
	author = {Németh, Károly and Cronin, S J},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.08.011},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {180},
	unique-id = {1384782},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {Ambae Island is a mafic stratovolcano located in the northern Vanuatu volcanic arc and has a NE-SW rift-controlled elongated shape. Several hundred scoria cones and fissure-fed lava fields occur along its long axis. After many decades of quiescence, Ambae Island erupted on the 28th of November 2005, disrupting the lives of its 10,000 inhabitants. Its activity remained focused at the central (crater-lake filled) vent and this is where hazard-assessments were focused. These assessments initially neglected that maars, tephra cones and rings occur at each tip of the island where the eruptive activity occurred < 500 and < 300 yr B.P. The products of this explosive phreatomagmatic activity are located where the rift axis meets the sea. At the NE edge of the island five tephra rings occur, each comparable in size to those on the summit of Ambae. Along the NE coastline, a near-continuous cliff section exposes an up to 25 m thick succession of near-vent phreatomagmatic tephra units derived from closely spaced vents. This can be subdivided into two major lithofacies associations. The first association represents when the locus of explosions was below sea level and comprises matrix-supported, massive to weakly stratified beds of coarse ash and lapilli. These are dominant in the lowermost part of the sequence and commonly contain coral fragments, indicating that the loci of explosion were located within a reef or coral sediment near the syn-eruptive shoreline. The second type indicate more stable vent conditions and rapidly repeating explosions of high intensity, producing fine-grained tephra with undulatory bedding and cross-lamination as well as megaripple bedforms. These surge and fall beds are more common in the uppermost part of the succession and form a few-m-thick pile. An older tephra succession of similar character occurs below, and buried trees in growth position, as well as those flattened within base surge beds. This implies that the centre of this eruption was very near the coastline. The processes implied by these deposits are amongst the most violent forms of volcanism on this island. In addition, the lowland and coastal areas affected by these events are the most heavily populated. This circumstance is mirrored on many similar volcanic islands, including the nearby SW Pacific examples of Taveuni (Fiji), Upolu and Savai'i (Samoa), and Ambrym (Vanuatu). These locations are paradoxically often considered safe areas during summit/central-vent eruptions, simply because they are farthest from the central sources of ash-fall and lahar hazard. The observations presented here necessitate a revision of this view. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Seawater; BASALT; base surge; accretionary lapilli; sideromelane; scoria; rift; tuff cone; tuff ring; phreatomagmatic; volcanic island; Vanuatu; MAAR; phreatomagmatism; volcanoes; Pacific Ocean; Pacific islands; Melanesia; volcanic eruption; island arc; Anthozoa; Aoba; tuff; stratovolcano; Explosives; Oceanography; Hazards; Explosions; Coastal zones},
	year = {2009},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {246-258}
}

@article{MTMT:1384529,
	title = {Reconstructing paleoenvironment, eruption mechanism and paleomorphology of the Pliocene Pula maar, (Hungary)},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384529},
	author = {Németh, Károly and Goth, K and Martin, U and Csillag, Gábor and Suhr, P},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.06.010},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {177},
	unique-id = {1384529},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {Pula maar is a partially eroded Pliocene maar-diatreme volcano, part of the Mio-Pliocene Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field. The surficial remnant of the maar-diatreme volcano consists of (1) a distinct depression with a thick post-eruptive lacustrine alginite sediment infill interbedded with coarse-grained volcaniclastic sediments, (2) a narrow marginal zone inside the depression consisting of primary pyroclastic rock units that are interpreted to be partly collapsed and subsided blocks of entire sections from the tephra ring formerly surrounding the maar crater depression, and (3) coarse-grained volcaniclastic debris-flow deposits closely associated with the collapsed primary pyroclastic rock units in the marginal zone. The presence of coherent lava rocks below the crater-fill units, their distribution pattern and their association with scoriaceous beds indicate that, after the maar-diatreme-forming phreatomagmatic explosive activity, small (100 m-scale) scoria and/or spatter cones erupted in the maar crater. These cones are the likely source of the lava flows that partially filled the maar crater basin. The widespread dm-to-m thick basaltic sand and/ or silt units at the base of the post-eruptive crater-filling sedimentary succession are interpreted to be reworked volcaniclastic material from the intra-maar scoria/spatter cones as well as from the tephra ring. Based on comparative analyses of 53 core descriptions, this study reveals that the original maar crater basin was larger than previously suggested. The deep level of the maar crater is reconstructed to be a northeast-southwest elongated depression, currently forming a c. 50-m-deep basin. Geomorphological considerations suggest that most of the phreatomagmatic pyroclastic rocks are composed of base surge and tephra fall deposits around the deep maar depression. These allochthonous rock units form a 50-400 m wide zone of proximal tuff-ring sequences. The formation of this zone is inferred to be a result of a combination of syneruptive subsidence due to mass deficit in the rigid Triassic dolomite basement caused by the phreatomagmatic explosions as well as post-eruptive subsidence of the crater- and diatreme-filling successions due to diagenetic compaction. The facies in the centre of the maar lake is a soft laminated "alginite" (mainly Botryococcus colonies, diatom frustles, calcium carbonate crystals, clay minerals). In the section exposed in the Pula open cast mine, a single turbiditic layer is present. This layer originated in a landslide, which possibly could have been caused by either syn-eruptive earthquake and/or a sudden posteruptive subsidence event of the diatreme fill. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	year = {2008},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {441-456}
}

@article{MTMT:1384532,
	title = {The role of phreatomagmatism in a Plio-Pleistocene high-density scoria cone field: Llancanelo Volcanic Field (Mendoza), Argentina},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384532},
	author = {Risso, C and Németh, Károly and Combina, AM and Nullo, F and Drosina, M},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.08.007},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {169},
	unique-id = {1384532},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {The Plio-Pleistocene Llancanelo Volcanic Field, together with the nearby Payun Matru Field, comprises at least 800 scoria cones and voluminous lava fields that cover an extensive area behind the Andean volcanic arc. Beside the scoria cones in the Llancanelo Field, at least six volcanoes show evidence for explosive eruptions involving magma-water interaction. These are unusual in the context of the semi-arid climate of the eastern Andean ranges. The volcanic structures consist of phreatomagmatic-derived tuff rings and tuff cones of olivine basalt composition. Malacara and Jarilloso tuff cones were produced by fallout of a range of dry to wet tephra. The Malacara cone shows more evidence for a predominance of wet-emplaced units, with a steep slump-slope characterized by many soft-sediment deformation structures, such as: undulating bedding planes, truncated beds and water escape features. The Piedras Blancas and Carapacho tuff rings resulted from explosive eruptions with deeper explosion loci. These cones are hence dominated by lapilli tuff and tuff units, emplaced mainly by wet and/or dry pyroclastic surges. Carapacho is the only centre that appears to have started with phreatomagmatic eruptions, with lowermost tephra being rich in non-volcanic country rocks. The presence of deformed beds with impact sags, slumping textures, asymmetrical ripples, dunes, cross- and planar lamination, syn-volcanic faulting and accretionary lapilli beds indicate an eruption scenario dominated by excessive water in the transportational and depositional regime. This subordinate phreatomagmatism in the Llancanelo Volcanic Field suggests presence of ground and/or shallow surface water during some of the eruptions. Each of the tuff rings and cones are underlain by thick, fractured multiple older lava units. These broken basalts are inferred to be the horizons where rising magma interacted with groundwater. The strong palagonitization at each of the phreatomagmatic cones formed hard beds, resistant to erosion, and therefore the volcanic landforms are well-preserved. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	year = {2008},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {61-86}
}

@article{MTMT:1384784,
	title = {The Fekete-hegy (Balaton Highland Hungary) "soft-substrate" and "hard-substrate" maar volcanoes in an aligned volcanic complex - Implications for vent geometry, subsurface stratigraphy and the palaeoenvironmental setting},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384784},
	author = {Auer, A and Martin, U and Németh, Károly},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.008},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {159},
	unique-id = {1384784},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {The Fekete-hegy volcanic complex is located in the centre of the Bakony Balaton Highland Volcanic Field, in the Pannonian Basin, which formed from the late Miocene to Pliocene period. The eruption of at least four very closely clustered maar volcanoes into two clearly distinct types of prevolcanic rocks allows the observation and comparison of hard-substrate and soft-substrate maars in one volcanic complex. The analyses of bedding features, determination of the proportion of accidental lithic clasts, granulometry and age determination helped to identify and distinguish the two types of maar volcanoes. Ascending magma interacted with meteoric water in karst aquifers in Mesozoic carbonates, as well as in porous media aquifers in Neogene unconsolidated, wet, siliciclastic sediments. The divided basement setting is reflected by distinct bedding characteristics and morphological features of the individual volcanic edifices as well as a distinct composition of pyroclastic rocks. Country rocks in hard-substrate maars have a steep angle of repose, leading to the formation of steep sided cone-shaped diatremes. Enlargement and filling of these diatreme is mainly a result of shattering material by FCI related shock waves and wall-rock collapse during downward penetration of the explosion locus. Country rocks in soft-substrate maars have much shallower angles of repose, leading to the formation of broad, bowl shaped structures or irregular depressions. Enlargement and filling of these diatremes is mainly the result of substrate collapse, for example due to liquefaction of unconsolidated material by FCI-related shock waves, and its emplacement by gravity flows. The Fekete-hegy is an important example illustrating that the substrate of a volcanic edifice has to be taken into account as an important interface, which can have major control on phreatomagmatic eruptions and the resulting characteristics of the volcanic complex. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Europe; SUBSTRATE; Hungary; Eurasia; Central Europe; Explosive volcanism; STRATIGRAPHY; MAAR; Pannonian Basin; phreatomagmatism; diatreme; volcanoes; volcanic eruption; Balaton Highland; volcano; Volcanic complex; Subsurface stratigraphy; Maar volcanoes; Diatremes; Substrates; Seismology; phreatomagmatic eruptions; Volcanic rocks; Structural geology},
	year = {2007},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {225-245}
}

@article{MTMT:21749655,
	title = {Blocky versus fluidal peperite textures developed in volcanic conduits, vents and crater lakes of phreatomagmatic volcanoes in Mio/Pliocene volcanic fields of Western Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/21749655},
	author = {Martin, U and Németh, Károly},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2006.06.010},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {159},
	unique-id = {21749655},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {Volcanic fields in the Pannonian Basin, Western Hungary, comprise several Mio/Pliocene volcaniclastic successions that are penetrated by numerous mafic intrusions. Peperite formed where intrusive and extrusive basaltic magma mingled with tuff, lapilli-tuff, and non-volcanic siliciclastic sediments within vent zones. Peperite is more common in the Pannonian Basin than generally realised and may be also important in other settings where sediment sequences accumulate during active volcanism. Hajagos-hegy, an erosional remnant of a maar volcano, was subsequently occupied by a lava lake that interacted with unconsolidated sediments in the maar basin and formed both blocky and globular peperite. Similar peperite developed in Kissomlyo, a small tuff ring remnant, where dykes invaded lake sediments that formed within a tuff ring. Lava foot peperite from both Hajagos-hegy and Kissomlyo were formed when small lava flows travelled over wet sediments in craters of phreatomagmatic volcanoes. At Sag-hegy, a large phreatomagmatic volcanic complex, peperite formed along the margin of a coherent intrusion. All peperite in this study could be described as globular or blocky peperite. Globular and blocky types in the studied fields occur together regardless of the host sediment. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
	year = {2007},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {164-178}
}

@article{MTMT:1384562,
	title = {Ar-40/Ar-39 geochronology of Neogene phreatomagmatic volcanism in the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384562},
	author = {Wijbrans, J and Németh, Károly and Martin, U and Balogh, Kadosa},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.05.009},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {164},
	unique-id = {1384562},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {Neogene alkaline basaltic volcanic fields in the western Pannonian Basin, Hungary, including the Bakony-Balaton Highland and the Little Hungarian Plain volcanic fields are the erosional remnants of clusters of small-volume, possibly monogenetic volcanoes. Moderately to strongly eroded maars, tuff rings, scoria cones, and associated lava flows span an age range of ca. 6 Myr as previously determined by the K/Ar method. High resolution Ar-40/ Ar-39 plateau ages on 18 samples have been obtained to determine the age range for the western Pannonian Basin Neogene intracontinental volcanic province. The new Ar-40/Ar-39 age determinations confirm the previously obtained K/Ar ages in the sense that no systematic biases were found between the two data sets. However, our study also serves to illustrate the inherent advantages of the Ar-40/Ar-39 technique: greater analytical precision, and internal tests for reliability of the obtained results provide more stringent constraints on reconstructions of the magmatic evolution of the volcanic field. Periods of increased activity with multiple eruptions occurred at ca. 7.95 Ma, 4.10 Ma, 3.80 Ma and 3.00 Ma. These new results more precisely date remnants of lava lakes or flows that define geomorphological marker horizons, for which the age is significant for interpreting the erosion history of the landscape. The results also demonstrate that during short periods of more intense activity not only were new centers formed but pre-existing centers were rejuvenated. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V.},
	year = {2007},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {193-204}
}

@article{MTMT:1384547,
	title = {Eruptive and depositional history of a Pliocene tuff ring that developed in a fluvio-lacustrine basin: Kissomlyo volcano (western Hungary)},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384547},
	author = {Martin, U and Németh, Károly},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.04.019},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {147},
	unique-id = {1384547},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {Kissomlyo volcano is a Pliocene erosion remnant of an alkaline basaltic tuff ring, belonging to the Little Hungarian Plain Volcanic Field. Late Miocene shallow subaqueous, fluvio-lacustrine sand and mud units underlie sub-horizontally bedded lapilli tuff and tuff beds with an erosional contact. The pyroclastic units, a sequence up to similar to 20 m thick, constitute a semi-circular mound with gentle (<5 degrees) inward-dipping beds. Sedimentary features and field relationships indicate that the pyroclastic units were formed in a terrestrial setting. Phreatomagmatic explosions occurred at a shallow depth, producing a large amount of juvenile ash and lapilli, which were transported and deposited predominantly by pyroclastic density currents, subordinate fallout and reworked by gravity currents. The tuff ring is overlain by a 5 m thick sequence of cross- and parallel laminated siltstone and mudstone deposited in a take inferred to have developed in a crater. The textural and structural differences between the lacustrine units beneath and above the tuff ring sequences suggest that they did not belong to the same lacustrine environment. The post-tuff ring lacustrine sequence is invaded by basanite pillow lava. The lava shows a basal peperitic margin partially destroying the original structure of the lacustrine beds due to fluidisation. The time gap between the tuff ring formation and the emplacement of the lava flow is estimated to be in the order of thousands of years. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.},
	year = {2005},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {342-356}
}

@book{MTMT:1384567,
	title = {Mio/Pliocene phreatomagmatic volcanism in the western Pannonian Basin},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384567},
	isbn = {9636712387},
	author = {Martin, U and Németh, Károly},
	publisher = {Geological Institute of Hungary},
	unique-id = {1384567},
	year = {2004}
}

@article{MTMT:1384553,
	title = {Reconstructing eruption processes of a Miocene monogenetic volcanic field from vent remnants: Waipiata Volcanic Field, South Island, New Zealand},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384553},
	author = {Németh, Károly and White, JDL},
	doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(03)00042-8},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {124},
	unique-id = {1384553},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {The Miocene Waipiata Volcanic Field, New Zealand, is an eroded phreatomagmatic intracontinental volcanic field formed during a period of weak lithospheric extension. The field includes remnants of at least 55 volcanoes in an area of similar to 5000 km(2). Vent-filling deposits comprising predominantly lava (e.g. plugs, necks, lava flows, or dykes), often associated with thin basal phreatomagmatic pyroclastic deposits, were classified as type I vents and are inferred to be the remnants of scoria cones. Vents represented by predominantly pyroclastic infill are classified as type 2 vents and are inferred to have been the substructures of phreatomagmatic tuff ring and/or maar volcanoes. Type 3 vent complexes are groups of closely spaced or overlapping vents, with voluminous preserved lava flows; they are inferred to be the remnants of volcanoes comprising adjoining to coalescing maars and tuff rings with magmatic explosive and effusive products. Pyroclastic rocks of most of the Waipiata vents record initial phreatomagmatic explosive activity fuelled by groundwater, followed by strombolian-style eruptions. Aligned and clustered vents are accommodated to structural features of the regional basement rock (Otago Schist). (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {erosion; RECURRENCE RATES; CHEJU ISLAND; scoria; tuff ring; phreatomagmatic; MIXED DEPOSITS; BASALTIC VOLCANISM; PHREATOMAGMATIC VOLCANISM; DEPOSITIONAL PROCESSES; ARIZONA; HOPI BUTTES; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; intracontinental; basanite},
	year = {2003},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {1-21}
}

@article{MTMT:148408,
	title = {K/Ar and Ar/Ar geochronological studies in the Pannonian-Carpathians-Dinarides (PANCARDI) region},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/148408},
	author = {Balogh, Kadosa and Pécskay, Zoltán},
	journal-iso = {ACTA GEOL HUNG},
	journal = {ACTA GEOLOGICA HUNGARICA: A QUARTERLY OF THE HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
	volume = {44},
	unique-id = {148408},
	issn = {0236-5278},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {281-299}
}

@article{MTMT:1384556,
	title = {Miocene phreatomagmatic volcanism at Tihany (Pannonian Basin, Hungary)},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384556},
	author = {Németh, Károly and Martin, U and Harangi, Szabolcs},
	doi = {10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00223-2},
	journal-iso = {J VOLCANOL GEOTH RES},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH},
	volume = {111},
	unique-id = {1384556},
	issn = {0377-0273},
	abstract = {A late Miocene (7.56 Ma) maar volcanic complex (Tihany Maar Volcanic Complex - TMVC) is preserved in the Pannonian Basin and is part of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field. Base surge and fallout deposits were formed around maars by phreatomagmatic explosions, caused by interactions between water-saturated sediments and alkali basalt magma carrying peridotite Iherzolite xenoliths as well as pyroxene and olivine megacrysts. Subsequently, nested maars functioned as a sediment trap where deposition built up Gilbert-type delta sequences. At the onset of eruption, magma began to interact with a moderate amount of groundwater in the water-saturated sand. As eruption continued phreatomagmatic blasts excavated downward into limestones, providing access to abundant karst water and deeper to sandstones and schist both providing large amount of fracture-filling water, At the surface, this 'wet' eruption led to the emplacement of massive tuff breccias by fall, surge, mudflow and gravity flow deposition. The nature of the TMVC maar eruptions and their deposits appears to depend on the hydrological condition of the karst and/or fracture-filling aquifer, which varies seasonally with rainfall and spring runoff. The West and East Maar volcanoes of TMVC are interpreted to represent low water input from the karst and/or fracture-filling aquifer ('summer vent'), whereas the East Maar is interpreted to have formed when abundant karst and/or fracture-filling water was available ('spring vent'). (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Hungary; CENTRAL ANATOLIA; CHEJU ISLAND; accretionary lapilli; tuff ring; BASALTIC VOLCANISM; NEW-ZEALAND; Explosive volcanism; MAAR; HOPI BUTTES; Pannonian Basin; CRATER LAKES; PHYSICAL VOLCANOLOGY; SURGE DEPOSITS; NAVAJO NATION ARIZONA; phreatomagmatism; diatreme; hydrovolcanic},
	year = {2001},
	eissn = {1872-6097},
	pages = {111-135},
	orcid-numbers = {Harangi, Szabolcs/0000-0003-2372-4581}
}

@article{MTMT:1890263,
	title = {Paleogeographic evolution of the Late Miocene Lake Pannon in Central Europe},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1890263},
	author = {Magyar, Imre and Geary, DH and Muller, P},
	doi = {10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00155-2},
	journal-iso = {PALAEOGEOGR PALAEOCL},
	journal = {PALAEOGEOGRAPHY PALAEOCLIMATOLOGY PALAEOECOLOGY},
	volume = {147},
	unique-id = {1890263},
	issn = {0031-0182},
	abstract = {The paleogeographic evolution of Lake Pannon within the Pannonian basin is reconstructed with eight maps, ranging from the Middle Miocene to the Early Pliocene. The maps are based on the distribution of selected biozones and specific fossils, and on complementary sedimentological and seismic information. Our reconstruction shows that the history of Lake Pannon can be divided into three distinct intervals: an initial stage with low water level, which resulted in isolation from the sea at about 12 Ma and might have led to temporary fragmentation of the lake; an interval of gradual transgression lasting until ca. 9.5 Ma; and a long late interval of shrinkage and infilling of sediments that persisted into the Early Pliocene. The deep subbasins of the lake formed during the transgressive interval, in more basinward locations than the deep basins of the preceding Sarmatian age. The southern shoreline, running parallel with the Sava and Danube rivers along the northern foot of the Dinarides, changed very Little during the Lifetime of the lake, while the northern shoreline underwent profound changes. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {BASIN; Pannonian Basin; Neogene; Lakes; paleogeography; Paratethys; biogeography},
	year = {1999},
	eissn = {1872-616X},
	pages = {151-167}
}

@article{MTMT:1384565,
	title = {Late Miocene paleo-geomorphology of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (Hungary) using physical volcanology data},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1384565},
	author = {Németh, Károly and Martin, U},
	journal-iso = {Z GEOMORPHOL},
	journal = {ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GEOMORPHOLOGIE},
	volume = {43},
	unique-id = {1384565},
	issn = {0372-8854},
	abstract = {A new view is presented of the Bakony-Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF), Hungary, active in late Miocene and built up of ca. 100 mostly alkaline basaltic eruptive centers, scoria cones, tuff rings, maar volcanic complexes and shield volcanoes. A detailed map shows the physical volcanology of the monogenetic volcanic field. In areas where thick Pannonian Sandstone beds build up the pre-volcanic strata normal maar volcanic centers have formed with usually thick late magmatic infill in the maar basins. In areas, where relatively thin Pannonian Sandstone beds resting on thick Mesozoic or Paleozoic fracture-controlled, karsrwater-bearing aquifer, large unusual maar volcanic sequences appear (Tihany type maar volcanoes). In the northern pare of the field large former scoria cones and shield volcanoes give evidence for a smaller impact of the ground and surface water causing phreatomagmatic explosive activity. The Tihany type maar volcanic centers are usually filled by thick maar lake deposits, building up Gilbert type gravelly, scoria rich deltas in the northern side of the maar basins, suggesting a mostly north to south fluvial system in the pre-volcanic surface. Calculating paleosurface elevation for the eruptive centers, two paleo-geomorphology maps are drawn for a younger (4-2.8 Ma) and an older (7.54-4 Ma) scenario. The erosion rate of the volcanic field is estimated to vary between 96 m/Ma and 18 m/Ma. In the western site of BBHVF the erosion rate is higher (more than 60 m/Ma, Tapolca Basin), and an average 50 m/Ma in the center and eastern side.},
	year = {1999},
	eissn = {1864-1687},
	pages = {417-438}
}

@inbook{MTMT:1256299,
	title = {Role of unconformity-bounded units in stratigraphy of continental record: a case study from the Late Miocene of western Pannonian basin; Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1256299},
	author = {Sacchi, M and Horváth, Ferenc and Magyari, O},
	booktitle = {The Mediterranean Basins: tertiary extension within the Alpine Orogen},
	doi = {10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.156.01.17},
	unique-id = {1256299},
	abstract = {This paper is part of the special publication No.156, The Mediterranean basins: Tertiary extension within the Alpine Orogen. (eds B.Durand, L. Jolivet, F.Horvath and M.Seranne). We present an up-to-date stratigraphic framework for the Late Miocene (post-rift) non-marine strata of the western Pannonian Basin, based on unconformity-bounded units as they are derived from seismic interpretation. The data set used for this study consisted of some 1700 km of conventional, multi-channel reflection seismic profiles across western Hungary integrated by 190 km of high-resolution, single- channel seismic profiles acquired on Lake Balaton in June of 1993. Seismic stratigraphic analysis has been constrained by selected geological mapping, well-logs and borehole data. A magnetostratigraphic record was also available from a corehole in the study area, together with recent K/Ar dating of basaltic rocks from the Balaton highland. Five third-order (with 10 6 year periodicities) stratigraphic sequences have been recognized at regional scale in the Late Miocene succession of the western Pannonian Basin. We have designated these sequences, from bottom to top, as Sarmatian-1 (SAR-1) and Pannonian-1 (PAN-1) to Pannonian-4 (PAN-4). Reliable time constraints were only available for the two maximum flooding surfaces of sequences PAN-2 and PAN-3, namely mfs-2 (9.0 Ma) and mfs-3 (7.4 Ma), and the boundary of sequence PAN-2 (PAN-2 SB) which is approximately dated at 8.7 Ma. PAN-2 sequence boundary is associated with evidence of relative water-level drop in the Pannonian Lake and significant exposure of lake margins that is widely recorded in the so-called 'marginal facies' of western Hungary. The higher rank unit bounded by PAN-1 SB and PAN-4 SB includes most of the Pannonian s.l. succession of the central Paratethys and approximately correlates with the Tortonian-Messinian of the standard chronostratigraphy. Seemingly, no major palaeo-environmental impact was perceptible in the western Pannonian Basin during the Messinian salinity crisis of the Mediterranean. However a significant change in the regional stratigraphic patterns may be observed since earliest Pliocene (after PAN-4 SB), possibly associated with the very beginning of a large-scale tectonic inversion within the intra-Carpathian area. The case of Late Miocene non-marine strata of Pannonian Basin is a textbook example of how single categories of stratigraphic units do not fit (sometimes do not even approximate) chronostratigraphic correlation. The use of unconformity-bounded units offers new insights into the complex and long debated problem of stratigraphic correlation between Late Neogene deposits of the Pannonian Basin and 'similar' non-marine strata of the Central Paratethys realm. Our study shows that the so-called 'Pontian facies' of western Hungary correspond to an unconformity-bounded unit which is older than the Pontian s.s. facies of the stratotype area (Black Sea basin). Accordingly, we suggest that different stages may be used to discriminate between such similar-in-facies but different-in-age strata. We hence recommend the introduction of a new chronostratigraphic unit ('Danubian' or 'Transdanubian') in the Late Miocene series of Central Paratethys and a three-fold sub-division of the Pannonian (s.l.) strata into Early Pannonian (Pannonian s.s.), 'Middle Pannonian' ('Danubian' or 'Transdanubian') and Late Pannonian (Pontian s.s.) stages.},
	keywords = {Europe; STRATIGRAPHY; Neogene; Sequence stratigraphy; basin evolution; tectonic evolution; Pontia; unconformity; Tortonia},
	year = {1999},
	pages = {357-390}
}

@article{MTMT:146273,
	title = {K/Ar ages in the case of correlated K and excess Ar concentrations: a case study for the alkaline olivine basalt of Somoska, Slovak-Hungarian frontier},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/146273},
	author = {Balogh, Kadosa and Vass, D and Ravasz-Baranyai, L},
	journal-iso = {GEOL CARPATH},
	journal = {GEOLOGICA CARPATHICA},
	volume = {45},
	unique-id = {146273},
	issn = {1335-0552},
	year = {1994},
	eissn = {1336-8052},
	pages = {97-102}
}

@article{MTMT:1508300,
	title = {K/Ar dating of Post-Sarmatian alkali basaltic rocks in Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1508300},
	author = {Balogh, Kadosa and Árva-Sós, Erzsébet and Pécskay, Zoltán and Ravasz-Baranyai, L},
	journal-iso = {ACTA MINERAL PETROGR},
	journal = {ACTA MINERALOGICA PETROGRAPHICA},
	volume = {28},
	unique-id = {1508300},
	issn = {0365-8066},
	year = {1986},
	pages = {75-94}
}

@article{MTMT:1765167,
	title = {Petrography and K/Ar dating of Tertiary and Quaternary basaltic rocks in Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/1765167},
	author = {Balogh, Kadosa and Jámbor, Á and Partényi, Z and Ravasz-Baranyai, L and Solti, G and Nusszer, A},
	journal-iso = {AN INST GEOL GEOFIZ},
	journal = {ANUARUL INSTITUTULUI DE GEOLOGIE SI GEOFIZICA},
	volume = {61},
	unique-id = {1765167},
	issn = {0250-2933},
	year = {1983},
	pages = {365}
}