TY - JOUR AU - Hudu, Shuaibu Abdullahi AU - Jimoh, Abdulgafar Olayiwola TI - From burden to action: Saudi Arabia's strategy on antimicrobial resistance JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW PY - 2026 PG - 18 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2026-1380 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/37097152 ID - 37097152 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University [NBU-FFR-2026-3770-XX] Funding text: Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University, project number NBU-FFR-2026-3770-XX. AB - Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is a significant public health challenge in Saudi Arabia and globally. This review consolidates evidence on the burden, drivers, policy responses, and progress in controlling AMR from 2010 to 2025 across human health, animal health, and the environment. The burden is substantial, especially from multidrug-resistant strains such as ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Factors contributing to this include antibiotic misuse, over-the-counter availability, mass gatherings, insufficient infection control, and agricultural use. Saudi Arabia has made progress through a One Health-oriented National Action Plan (2017, renewed 2022-2025), antimicrobial stewardship programs, surveillance efforts, and stricter regulations. However, challenges remain in community surveillance, laboratory capacity, and behavioral change. As indicated by key stakeholders, further efforts to expand stewardship, improve diagnostics, regulate antibiotic sales, and implement AI-driven surveillance are essential next steps. Increased investment in research, innovation, and partnerships can position Saudi Arabia as a leader in regional AMR containment initiatives. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Yuntao AU - Zhang, Yuying AU - Shen, Zhengchao AU - Chen, Suhang AU - Zhang, Yajing AU - Wang, Xiaoming TI - Research progress on the influence of tumor microenvironment on immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 21 PY - 2026 IS - 1 PG - 13 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1323 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36922298 ID - 36922298 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Construction Funds [KZSJZ010]; Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Universities [2023AH040254] Funding text: This study was supported by the 2022 Provincial Key Clinical Specialty Construction Funds (Award Number: KZSJZ010 Recipient: Xiaoming Wang), and the 2023 Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Province Universities (Award Number: 2023AH040254 Recipient: Xiaoming Wang). AB - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and considerable resistance to conventional therapies. While radical surgery may offer benefit for a subset of patients with early-stage disease, recent decades have witnessed notable progress in immunotherapy, yielding encouraging outcomes across both hematologic cancers and solid tumors in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these advances, PDAC remains largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic strategies, owing largely to its unique tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME plays a pivotal role in modulating tumor progression, metastatic dissemination, and treatment response. It is commonly marked by a profoundly immunosuppressive milieu that attenuates effective anti-tumor immunity and complicates therapeutic intervention. The complex cellular and molecular composition of the TME poses significant challenges for the development of novel treatment modalities. Consequently, there is a growing imperative to therapeutically "reprogram" various components and functions within the TME to improve clinical outcomes in PDAC patients. This review seeks to elucidate how the PDAC TME and its key immunosuppressive constituents influence disease progression and response to immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of these interactions may open avenues for innovative treatment approaches capable of overcoming the barriers imposed by the TME in pancreatic cancer. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Yang, Y. AU - Zhang, Y. AU - Shen, Z. AU - Chen, S. AU - Wang, X. TI - Research progress on the influence of tumor microenvironment on immunotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 21 PY - 2026 IS - 1 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1323 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36922309 ID - 36922309 N1 - Export Date: 04 February 2026; Cited By: 0; Correspondence Address: X. Wang; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Afliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China; email: wxm6901@126.com; CODEN: OMPEA; AB - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive malignancy associated with a poor prognosis and considerable resistance to conventional therapies. While radical surgery may offer benefit for a subset of patients with early-stage disease, recent decades have witnessed notable progress in immunotherapy, yielding encouraging outcomes across both hematologic cancers and solid tumors in preclinical and clinical settings. Despite these advances, PDAC remains largely refractory to current immunotherapeutic strategies, owing largely to its unique tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME plays a pivotal role in modulating tumor progression, metastatic dissemination, and treatment response. It is commonly marked by a profoundly immunosuppressive milieu that attenuates effective anti-tumor immunity and complicates therapeutic intervention. The complex cellular and molecular composition of the TME poses significant challenges for the development of novel treatment modalities. Consequently, there is a growing imperative to therapeutically “reprogram” various components and functions within the TME to improve clinical outcomes in PDAC patients. This review seeks to elucidate how the PDAC TME and its key immunosuppressive constituents influence disease progression and response to immunotherapy. A deeper understanding of these interactions may open avenues for innovative treatment approaches capable of overcoming the barriers imposed by the TME in pancreatic cancer. © 2026 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Liu, Yukun AU - Zhao, Xuan AU - Xu, Zhikai AU - Liu, Qinxin AU - Wang, Yuchang TI - Beyond muscle weakness: pathogenesis of sepsis-induced myopathy and its management JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 21 PY - 2026 IS - 1 PG - 17 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1342 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/37005430 ID - 37005430 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [2023AFB825]; Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [2023A15] Funding text: This study was supported by grants from the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2023AFB825) and Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No. 2023A15). AB - Background Sepsis-induced myopathy (SIM)significantly contributes to long-term disability and mortality among sepsis survivors. A comprehensive understanding of both the molecular mechanisms and rehabilitation strategies is crucial for effective management.Methods A review of pertinent studies was conducted, focusing on the molecular pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and rehabilitation interventions for SIM, with particular attention to clinical and translational advancements.Results Current management strategies encompass infection control, modulation of inflammation, nutritional support, and structured rehabilitation programs, including early mobilization and physiotherapy. Emerging therapies that target inflammation, cellular protection, and regeneration - such as stem cell therapy and gene-editing techniques - demonstrate potential. Furthermore, advancements in personalized medicine, including genomics, transcriptomics, and individualized metabolic interventions, may further improve outcomes.Conclusions Optimizing both mechanistic and rehabilitation strategies is essential for enhancing functional recovery and quality of life in patients with SIM. An integrated clinical and molecular approach presents the most promising path forward. Keywords: sepsis-induced myopathy, sepsis. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Huang, Jie AU - Zhang, Guoxun AU - Yuan, Wen AU - Tao, Ying AU - Yuan, Haibin TI - Frequencies of PD-1 and LAG-3 positive T cells in asthmatic children and their relationship with inflammatory cytokines JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 21 PY - 2026 IS - 1 PG - 12 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1288 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/37099352 ID - 37099352 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Xiangtan Science and Technology Bureau [SF-YB20240016] Funding text: Study on the Relationship between Wheezing Disorders in Children and Immune Cell Infiltration, Microbiota, and Inflammatory Cytokine Expression. Xiangtan Science and Technology Bureau, SF-YB20240016. AB - Objectives This study aimed to investigate the expression of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG-3) on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in children with asthma and their relationship with Th2-associated inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13). The goal was to elucidate the potential roles of these immune checkpoint molecules in asthma pathogenesis and severity.Methods A prospective observational study was conducted involving 112 asthmatic children aged 5-15 years and 100 healthy controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated, and flow cytometry was used to analyze the frequencies of PD-1+ and LAG-3+ T cells. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were measured using ELISA. Asthma severity was classified according to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines, and demographic, clinical, and lung function data were collected. Statistical analyses included Pearson correlation, ROC curve analysis, and logistic regression to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of PD-1 and LAG-3 expression.Results Asthmatic children, particularly those with moderate-to-severe disease, exhibited significantly higher frequencies of PD-1+ and LAG-3+ T cells compared to healthy controls. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 were also elevated in asthmatic children, with the highest levels observed in moderate-to-severe cases. The frequencies of PD-1+LAG-3+ T cells were positively correlated with IL-13 levels and negatively correlated with lung function parameters, including FVC%, FEV1%, and PEF%. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that CD4+PD-1+LAG-3+ T cells had superior diagnostic performance for moderate-to-severe asthma. Logistic regression identified CD4+LAG-3+PD-1+, and IL-13 as independent risk factors for moderate-to-severe asthma.Conclusions The elevated frequencies of PD-1 and LAG-3 on T cells in asthmatic children, particularly in those with moderate-to-severe disease, suggested that these immune checkpoint molecules play a critical role in asthma pathogenesis and severity. These findings highlighted the potential of PD-1 and LAG-3 as biomarkers for asthma severity and therapeutic targets, offering new avenues for immune modulation in pediatric asthma management. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Lei, Wanlin AU - Qiang, Jianling AU - Yi, Chenchen AU - Wang, Maofeng TI - Global epidemiology of thyroid cancer: trends in incidence, mortality, and DALYs from 1990 to 2021 JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 21 PY - 2026 IS - 1 PG - 14 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1322 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/37116277 ID - 37116277 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [LTGY23H200002] Funding text: : This research was supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. LTGY23H200002. AB - Objectives This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of the global thyroid cancer burden from 1990 to 2021, focusing on incidence, mortality, and DALYs trends across 204 countries.Methods Using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 data, age-standardized rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) were calculated. Associations with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) were analyzed via linear regression.Results Globally, the age-standardized incidence rate increased from 2.06 to 2.91 per 100,000 (EAPC=1.25), with women accounting for 67 % of cases. Mortality showed a modest decline (EAPC=-0.23), but DALYs remained high (14.57 million in 2021). High-SDI regions, such as North America, accounted for 72 % of cases, reflecting intensive screening, whereas low-SDI regions, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa, contributed 68 % of deaths due to delayed diagnosis. High BMI contributed 1.68 % of DALYs, peaking at 4.26 % in Andean Latin America. Incidence varied significantly across countries, from 7.13 per 100,000 in Saudi Arabia (linked to iodine excess) to 0.014 per 100,000 in Tajikistan (iodine deficiency). Mortality was highest among elderly males, reaching 12.57 per 100,000 in those aged >= 90 years.Conclusions The rising global burden of thyroid cancer highlights pronounced gender and regional disparities. High-SDI regions should prioritize risk-stratified strategies to reduce overdiagnosis, while low-SDI regions require improved access to healthcare. Targeted efforts in early detection and metabolic risk reduction are critical to mitigate disease burden. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chen, Shuni AU - He, Haibin AU - Chen, Yonghua AU - Xu, Xunzhen AU - Liu, Pei AU - Li, Feng TI - Prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor subtypes and risk models constructed based on the common pathway of ulcerative colitis and colon cancer JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 21 PY - 2026 IS - 1 PG - 16 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1245 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/37134773 ID - 37134773 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Marinelli, Susanna AU - Di Fazio, Nicola AU - Ottaviani, Miriam AU - Volonnino, Gianpietro AU - Zaami, Simona AU - De Paola, Lina TI - End-of-life in cancer patients: Medicolegal implications and ethical challenges in Europe JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 20 PY - 2025 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1218 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36225420 ID - 36225420 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pergolini, Daniele AU - Mohsen, Mohamed AU - Tenore, Gianluca AU - Palaia, Gaspare AU - Magnifico, Lorenzo AU - Del Vecchio, Alessandro AU - Romeo, Umberto TI - Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography in the early diagnosis of MRONJ JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 20 PY - 2025 IS - 1 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2025-1143 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/35768539 ID - 35768539 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Wang, C. AU - Peng, C. AU - Xie, C. TI - Unveiling novel biomarkers for platinum chemoresistance in ovarian cancer JF - OPEN MEDICINE J2 - OPEN MED-WARSAW VL - 20 PY - 2025 IS - 1 SN - 2391-5463 DO - 10.1515/med-2024-1084 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/35783648 ID - 35783648 N1 - Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Sichuan, Chengdu, China Export Date: 24 February 2025 CODEN: OMPEA Correspondence Address: Xie, C.; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan, China; email: xiechuan85@163.com AB - Primary chemoresistance to platinum-based treatment is observed in approximately 33% of individuals diagnosed with ovarian cancer; however, conventional clinical markers exhibit limited predictive value for chemoresistance. This study aimed to discover new genetic markers that can predict primary resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy. Through the analysis of three GEO datasets (GSE114206, GSE51373, and GSE63885) utilizing bioinformatics methodologies, we identified two specific genes, MFAP4 and EFEMP1. The findings revealed that the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for MFAP4 and EFEMP1 were 0.716 and 0.657 in the training cohort, and 0.629 and 0.746 in the testing cohort, respectively. In all cases or in cases treated with platin, high expression of MFAP4 and EFEMP1 was linked to shortened overall survival and progression-free survival. MFAP4 and EFEMP1 were positively correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition, TGF-β signaling, KRAS signaling, and so on. The high expression groups of MFAP4 and EFEMP1 exhibited elevated stromal, immune, and ESTIMATE scores. Finally, we constructed a regulatory network involving lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions. In summary, MFAP4 and EFEMP1 have the potential to serve as predictive indicators for both response to platinum-based chemotherapy and survival rates, and might be regarded as innovative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for OC patients. © 2025 the author(s), published by De Gruyter. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -