@article{MTMT:34801519,
	title = {A Concentration Prediction-Based Crop Digital Twin Using Nutrient Co-Existence and Composition in Regression Algorithms},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34801519},
	author = {Ghazvini, Anahita and Sharef, Nurfadhlina Mohd and Balasundram, Siva Kumar and Lee, Lai Soon},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083383},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34801519},
	abstract = {Crop digital twin is redefining traditional farming practices, offering unprecedented opportunities for real-time monitoring, predictive and simulation analysis, and optimization. This research embarks on an exploration of the synergy between precision agriculture, crop modeling, and regression algorithms to create a digital twin for farmers to augment the concentration and composition prediction-based crop nutrient recovery. This captures the holistic representation of crop characteristics, considering the intricate relationships between environmental factors, nutrient concentrations, and crop compositions. However, the complexity arising from diverse soil and environmental conditions makes nutrient content analysis expensive and time-consuming. This paper presents two approaches, namely, (i) single-nutrient concentration prediction and (ii) nutrient composition concentration prediction, which is the result of a predictive digital twin case study that employs six regression algorithms, namely, Elastic Net, Polynomial, Stepwise, Ridge, Lasso, and Linear Regression, to predict rice nutrient content efficiently, particularly considering the coexistence and composition of multiple nutrients. Our research findings highlight the superiority of the Polynomial Regression model in predicting nutrient content, with a specific focus on accurate nitrogen percentage prediction. This insight can be used for nutrient recovery intervention by knowing the precise amount of nutrient to be added into the crop medium. The adoption of the Polynomial Regression model offers a valuable tool for nutrient management practices in the crop digital twin, potentially resulting in higher-quality rice production and a reduced environmental impact. The proposed method can be replicable in other low-resourced crop digital twin system.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3383},
	orcid-numbers = {Sharef, Nurfadhlina Mohd/0000-0003-4335-0513; Balasundram, Siva Kumar/0000-0001-5664-6618; Lee, Lai Soon/0000-0002-6270-1414}
}

@article{MTMT:34799133,
	title = {Selected Physical and Mechanical Properties of Subfossil Oak (Quercus spp.) Compared to Aged Oak and Recent Oak},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34799133},
	author = {Nedelcu, Ruxandra and Timar, Maria Cristina and Porojan, Mihaela and Beldean, Emanuela Carmen},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083294},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34799133},
	abstract = {Subfossil oak (SO) wood material, originating from three different buried trunks discovered in recent years by excavations in riverbanks on Romanian territory, was analysed in this research. Aged oak recovered from constructions (AO_C) and recent/new oak wood material (NO) were also investigated to provide comparative data for the SO. The oven-dry density and the basic density, the total volumetric and linear swelling and shrinkage coefficients and the compression strength parallel to the grain were the selected physical and mechanical properties considered. The experimental results showed a lower density of SO compared to NO and AO_C tested by up to about 19–20%, alongside a trend of increased dimensional instability, with variability among the tested assortments. The compression strength parallel to the grain was reduced by 19–31% compared to NO. The properties of AO-C were closer to those of NO, but differences between wood materials from different sources and of different ages were registered. A positive linear correlation was found between compression strength parallel to grain and the basic density for all types of material and assortments tested. These comparative results have to be considered by designers and engineers in the valorisation of SO in furniture design and other applications.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3294},
	orcid-numbers = {Timar, Maria Cristina/0000-0002-6118-5139}
}

@article{MTMT:34797330,
	title = {Knowledge Graph-Based Framework to Support Human-Centered Collaborative Manufacturing in Industry 5.0},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34797330},
	author = {Nagy, László and Abonyi, János and Ruppert, Tamás},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083398},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34797330},
	abstract = {The importance of highly monitored and analyzed processes, linked by information systems such as knowledge graphs, is growing. In addition, the integration of operators has become urgent due to their high costs and from a social point of view. An appropriate framework for implementing the Industry 5.0 approach requires effective data exchange in a highly complex manufacturing network to utilize resources and information. Furthermore, the continuous development of collaboration between human and machine actors is fundamental for industrial cyber-physical systems, as the workforce is one of the most agile and flexible manufacturing resources. This paper introduces the human-centric knowledge graph framework by adapting ontologies and standards to model the operator-related factors such as monitoring movements, working conditions, or collaborating with robots. It also presents graph-based data querying, visualization, and analysis through an industrial case study. The main contribution of this work is a knowledge graph-based framework that focuses on the work performed by the operator, including the evaluation of movements, collaboration with machines, ergonomics, and other conditions. In addition, the use of the framework is demonstrated in a complex use case based on an assembly line, with examples of resource allocation and comprehensive support in terms of the collaboration aspect between shop-floor workers.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3398},
	orcid-numbers = {Nagy, László/0000-0002-9895-4456; Abonyi, János/0000-0001-8593-1493; Ruppert, Tamás/0000-0001-9441-843X}
}

@article{MTMT:34796355,
	title = {Ensuring the Quality of the Analytical Process in a Research Laboratory},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34796355},
	author = {Surleva, Andriana and Angelova, Lyudmila and Ilieva, Darya and Ivanova, Vladislava and Surleva, Olya and Chavdarova, Katrin},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083281},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34796355},
	abstract = {This paper discusses approaches for verification of methods of measurements of chemical and physical characteristics of specific samples. The limitations of well-known approaches are discussed. Some examples of alternatives are given to demonstrate specific issues encountered in the research laboratory analyzing new materials or characterizing new properties of materials. Application of sequential procedure using lower quantities of samples and reagents is presented. A standard addition to solid samples is discussed. The approach of control charts for estimation of method uncertainty for determination of plant available phosphorus is presented. The method comparison is applied as an approach to verification of alkaline reactivity by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) measurement, as well as density of newly synthesized chalcogenide glass materials. The presented examples demonstrated that alternative approaches are needed in order to verify the methods applied due to the great variety of activities and corresponding tasks in a research laboratory.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3281},
	orcid-numbers = {Surleva, Andriana/0000-0001-9226-7789; Ilieva, Darya/0000-0002-8545-3089; Ivanova, Vladislava/0000-0002-6994-6000}
}

@article{MTMT:34795347,
	title = {A Comparative Study of SOx, NOx, PM2.5 and PM10 in the UK and Poland from 1970 to 2020},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34795347},
	author = {Syrek-Gerstenkorn, Zofia and Syrek-Gerstenkorn, Berenika and Paul, Shiladitya},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083292},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34795347},
	abstract = {Presently, there is growing discourse surrounding climate change, global warming, and the possibility of urban smog. Daily, we encounter air pollutants unwittingly, often oblivious to the substantial adverse impacts they may impart on our health. This manuscript furnishes a thorough examination of the shifts in the concentrations of distinct air pollutants, namely, sulphur oxides (SOx), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter PM2.5 and PM10, within the contexts of the United Kingdom (a country progressively transitioning to alternative energy sources) and Poland (a country in the EU with the second lowest climate policy evaluation in the climate change performance index or CCPI) from 1970 to 2020. This comparative study between the two countries clearly showed the importance of the transition to clean energy sources. The UK’s efforts towards cleaner energy sources have led to reduced emissions of sulphur oxides (SOx) and particulate matter. In contrast, Poland’s heavy dependence on energy primarily from coal over the years has resulted in elevated pollution levels, notably in the concentration of pollutants such as particulate matter. This study also revealed that changes in emissions predominantly stem from technological advancements and economic activities. Additionally, political regulations and the gradual phase-out of specific fuels or energy-rich substances and their substitution with alternative energy sources have also imparted considerable influence.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3292},
	orcid-numbers = {Paul, Shiladitya/0000-0002-8423-313X}
}

@article{MTMT:34789033,
	title = {Measurement and Analysis of Last-Mile Parcel Delivery Truck Vibration Levels in Korea},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34789033},
	author = {Kim, Saewhan and Horvath, Laszlo and Lee, Soohyung and Lee, Sangwook},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083245},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34789033},
	abstract = {South Korea has one of the largest e-commerce markets in the world. The last-mile delivery segment of e-commerce often causes critical damage to products in protective packages. Despite the rapid growth of the e-commerce market in Korea, the last-mile distribution environment has not yet been thoroughly investigated. The main aim of this study was to provide an understanding of the vibration levels that were measured from various parcel delivery routes within Seoul, Korea, using common types of parcel delivery trucks. Vibration levels of ten delivery trucks were measured and analyzed in terms of power spectral densities (PSDs) and presented as PSD spectra. The last-mile delivery vehicle vibration levels in Korea were found to be consistently lower (in the 1 to 200 Hz frequency range) than those recommended by international standards and lower than the vibration levels of parcel delivery vehicles in the U.S. and Hungary. The results also revealed that the highest intensity peak of the PSD spectrum for Korea was located in the lower frequency range (1.5 to 2 Hz) compared to the ISTA 3A pickup and delivery test profile (3 to 4 Hz) and the test profile recommended for Hungary (13 to 16 Hz). A smoothed composite spectrum was also provided to support Korean packaging engineers in optimizing their packages by simulating proper last-mile truck delivery vibration levels in lab conditions.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3245},
	orcid-numbers = {Kim, Saewhan/0000-0001-5235-7050; Horvath, Laszlo/0000-0001-5714-1662; Lee, Soohyung/0009-0003-8257-9027}
}

@article{MTMT:34788839,
	title = {Research on Obstacle Avoidance Replanning and Trajectory Tracking Control Driverless Ferry Vehicles},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34788839},
	author = {Li, Xiang and Li, Gang and Zhang, Zhiqiang},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083216},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34788839},
	abstract = {This study aimed to solve the problem that is the frequent switching between the acceleration and braking modes of the driverless ferry vehicle, affecting the comfort and stability of speed control. The driverless ferry vehicle encounters unknown obstacles on the road that affect the normal planning and tracking control of the ferry vehicle and finally lead to the problem that the driverless ferry vehicle cannot drive normally. First of all, in the longitudinal control, the fuzzy PID control algorithm was utilized to produce the fuzzy PID acceleration controller by taking into account the difference between the actual and expected speeds and choosing the triangular membership function. According to the relationship between the brake oil pressure and brake torque, the brake controller was designed. The acceleration/braking switching module with acceleration tolerance zone was added to the longitudinal controller, and the acceleration/braking mode-switching controller was designed. Secondly, in the lateral control, the tire cornering stiffness was analyzed, an MPC controller with a planning module was designed, and a lateral motion controller with an obstacle avoidance replanning function was proposed. Finally, according to the prediction time domain of different planning modules corresponding to different speeds, a coordinated control strategy of horizontal and longitudinal motion was proposed by using a real-time speed adjustment planning module to predict the time domain. Through the joint simulation analysis of MATLAB and CarSim, the results show that the driving stability of the ferry vehicle was significantly improved, and the longitudinal speed error of the ferry vehicle was reduced by 43.59%. The ferry’s avoidance of obstacles and tracking of reference trajectories were significantly improved, so that the tracking error can be reduced by 61.11%.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3216},
	orcid-numbers = {Li, Xiang/0009-0003-7635-6011; Li, Gang/0000-0003-4501-7431}
}

@article{MTMT:34786394,
	title = {Study on Fatigue Life of PC Composite Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs under the Combined Action of Temperature and Static Wind Loads},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34786394},
	author = {Wang, Siyu and Jia, Jie},
	doi = {10.3390/app14083165},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34786394},
	abstract = {The large-span bridge is highly sensitive to temperature and wind loads. Therefore, it is essential to study the bridge’s fatigue life under the combined effects of temperature and static wind loads. This study focuses on the main bridge of Qiao Jia-fan 2# on the Yinkun Expressway (G85), with a span of 250 m and a configuration of a PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs. Firstly, on-site temperature and wind direction measurements with wind speed were conducted at the bridge site. Origin 2022 software is used to make mathematical statistics on the data, the representative values of atmospheric temperature difference between day and night and the basic wind speeds are calculated. Secondly, based on the basic wind speed in the most unfavorable wind direction, the static three-component force coefficients of bridge at different angles of attack are calculated by FLUENT 2022 R1 software. By comparison, the most unfavorable wind angle of attack, wind direction and wind load value of Qiao Jia-fan 2# Bridge are obtained. Finally, the finite element software MIDAS/FEA NX 2022 is used to analyze the fatigue life of the main bridge of the Qiao Jia-fan 2# Bridge. The analysis results show that the representative value of the temperature difference between day and night in the area where PC composite box girder bridge with corrugated steel webs is located is 22 °C, the most unfavorable wind direction is NNE wind direction, and the most unfavorable wind attack angle is 3° wind attack angle. It is found that the maximum stress of concrete and corrugated steel webs appears near the 0# block, and the life of corrugated steel webs is far greater than that of concrete.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3165}
}

@article{MTMT:34787554,
	title = {Last Glacial Maximum Climate and Glacial Scale Affected by the Monsoon Inferred from Reconstructing the Tianchi Area, Changbai Mountains, Eastern China},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34787554},
	author = {Zhao, H and Zhang, W},
	doi = {10.3390/app14073019},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34787554},
	abstract = {There are few studies on the climate and glacial scale in the mountains east of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. So, we used glacial features to determine the range of the area’s paleoglaciers and the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) of theGlA modern and paleoglaciers in the Tianchi area of the Changbai Mountains. Then, the GlaRe toolbox 2015 () was used to reconstruct the surface of the paleoglaciers. The probable air temperature during the glacial advances of the LGM was calculated by applying the P-T and LR models. The results showed the following: (1) the change in ELA is 950 m in the Tianchi area of the Changbai Mountains; (2) glacial coverage in the Tianchi area of the Changbai Mountains during the LGM period was ~27.05 km2 and the glacial volume was ~9.94 km3; and (3) the mean temperature in the Tianchi area of the Changbai Mountains during the LGM was 6.6–9.0 °C lower than today’s, and was the principal factor controlling the growth of glaciers. There is a difference in the climate change in monsoon-influenced mountains during the LGM, and this difference may be related to the precipitation in the mountains.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417}
}

@article{MTMT:34784531,
	title = {Digital Twin-Driven Multi-Factor Production Capacity Prediction for Discrete Manufacturing Workshop},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34784531},
	author = {Cai, Hu and Wan, Jiafu and Chen, Baotong},
	doi = {10.3390/app14073119},
	journal-iso = {APPL SCI-BASEL},
	journal = {APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34784531},
	abstract = {Traditional capacity forecasting algorithms lack effective data interaction, leading to a disconnection between the actual plan and production. This paper discusses the multi-factor model based on a discrete manufacturing workshop and proposes a digital twin-driven discrete manufacturing workshop capacity prediction method. Firstly, this paper gives a system framework for production capacity prediction in discrete manufacturing workshops based on digital twins. Then, a mathematical model is described for discrete manufacturing workshop production capacity under multiple disturbance factors. Furthermore, an innovative production capacity prediction method, using the “digital twin + Long-Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM) algorithm”, is presented. Finally, a discrete manufacturing workshop twin platform is deployed using a commemorative disk custom production line as the prototype platform. The verification shows that the proposed method can achieve a prediction accuracy rate of 91.8% for production line capacity. By integrating the optimization feedback function of the digital twin system into the production process control, this paper enables an accurate perception of the current state and future changes in the production system, effectively evaluating the production capacity and delivery date of discrete manufacturing workshops.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2076-3417},
	pages = {3119},
	orcid-numbers = {Wan, Jiafu/0000-0001-9188-4179}
}