TY - GEN AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Flipphi, Michel Johannes Anthonie AU - Fekete, Erzsébet AU - Karaffa, Levente TI - INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION AND MUTATIONS OF SECOND ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE GENES IN ASPERGILLACEAE CY - HUN-REN ATK Martonvásár, 4-5. April 2024. PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34847873 ID - 34847873 AB - Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a branched mitochondrial terminal oxidase, that bypasses Complex III and IV. Aox accepts electrons directly from ubiquinol and reduces oxygen to water without contributing to the proton gradient used for ATP synthesis. Aox is known to have various functions, including helping cells manage stress conditions, regulating cellular metabolism, and maintaining redox balance. In certain organisms, such as plants, it can play a role in preventing excessive reactive oxygen species production under stress conditions. Aox is nearly ubiquitous in fungi, yet the presence of multiple aox genes is uncommon. However, a second aox gene (aoxB) is present in some taxa of Aspergillaceae. Paralogous genes typically originate from duplication events and are passed down vertically. We offer evidence of four separate duplication events along the lineage that resulted in aox paralogues (aoxB) in contemporary Aspergillus and Penicillium taxa. In certain species, three aox genes are co-expressed, yet there are entire sections and series within Aspergillus that lose transient aoxB content. Within the subgenus Nidulantes, we have identified seven instances of independent aoxB gene loss and two instances of gain. The paralogous clades originate from widespread aoxA parent genes but never replace them, aoxA remains permanent across filamentous fungi. Within the database, Aspergillus niger strains possess six different alleles of the aoxB gene. Besides the wild type, we found five different mutations that caused errors in the gene product. A full-length AoxB is encoded in the acid producer ATCC 1015 strain. The investigation of alternative oxidase genes is crucial for a deeper understanding of citric acid production or clinical aspects. Fermentation occurs based on highly complex biochemical relationships, wherein the aox gene plays a crucial role. Understanding a gene well significantly contributes to strain development or possible clinical treatment. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Fekete, Erzsébet AU - Karaffa, Levente TI - MANGANESE EFFECT ON CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER: UNLOCKING AN EFFICIENCY BOOSTING HIDDEN KEY T2 - FIBOK 2024 6th National Conference of Young Biotechnologists PB - MTA Agrártudományok Osztálya, Mezőgazdasági Biotechnológiai Tudományos Bizottság CY - Budapest SN - 9786156448453 PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34847840 ID - 34847840 AB - Achieving high yields of citric acid requires a unique combination of culture conditions, with the deficiency of manganese(II) ions in the growth medium being especially crucial. Concentrations exceeding 5 μg/L (= 5 ppb) result in a reduction of around 25% in the final citric acid yield. Because of its characteristics, this organic acid finds utility across a spectrum of industrial sectors, spanning from food and beverage to detergent and pharmaceutical industries. The predominant method for citric acid production involves large-scale industrial fermentations utilizing the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. When compared to alternative hosts, A. niger stands out for its ability to achieve remarkably high yields, with potential outputs reaching up to 95 kg of citric acid per 100 kg of sugar. Technical-scale production of citric acid predominantly uses stainless steel tank fermenters. However, glass bioreactors, commonly used for process development, also incorporate stainless steel components, where manganese serves as a crucial alloying element. Our study reveals that manganese(II) ions leach from these bioreactors into the growth medium during citric acid fermentation. This leaching phenomenon leads to alterations in fungal physiology and morphology, resulting in a significant decrease in citric acid yields. The extent of manganese(II) ion leaching depends on factors such as fermentation duration, the acidity of the culture broth, and the sterilization method employed. Moreover, CexA is the main citrate exporter of A. niger. The citric acid production was examined in overexpression mutant strains of cexA under manganese deficiency and sufficient conditions. This leads to citric acid accumulation even in the presence of high manganese(II) ion concentrations. Additionally, the impact of CexA on fungal morphology was elucidated through microscopic analysis. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Fekete, Erzsébet AU - Karaffa, Levente TI - MANGANESE EFFECT ON CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER: UNLOCKING AN EFFICIENCY BOOSTING HIDDEN KEY CY - HUN-REN ATK Martonvásár, 4-5. April 2024. PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34847827 ID - 34847827 AB - Achieving high yields of citric acid requires a unique combination of culture conditions, with the deficiency of manganese(II) ions in the growth medium being especially crucial. Concentrations exceeding 5 μg/L (= 5 ppb) result in a reduction of around 25% in the final citric acid yield. Because of its characteristics, this organic acid finds utility across a spectrum of industrial sectors, spanning from food and beverage to detergent and pharmaceutical industries. The predominant method for citric acid production involves large-scale industrial fermentations utilizing the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. When compared to alternative hosts, A. niger stands out for its ability to achieve remarkably high yields, with potential outputs reaching up to 95 kg of citric acid per 100 kg of sugar. Technical-scale production of citric acid predominantly uses stainless steel tank fermenters. However, glass bioreactors, commonly used for process development, also incorporate stainless steel components, where manganese serves as a crucial alloying element. Our study reveals that manganese(II) ions leach from these bioreactors into the growth medium during citric acid fermentation. This leaching phenomenon leads to alterations in fungal physiology and morphology, resulting in a significant decrease in citric acid yields. The extent of manganese(II) ion leaching depends on factors such as fermentation duration, the acidity of the culture broth, and the sterilization method employed. Moreover, CexA is the main citrate exporter of A. niger. The citric acid production was examined in overexpression mutant strains of cexA under manganese deficiency and sufficient conditions. This leads to citric acid accumulation even in the presence of high manganese(II) ion concentrations. Additionally, the impact of CexA on fungal morphology was elucidated through microscopic analysis. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Flipphi, Michel Johannes Anthonie AU - Fekete, Erzsébet AU - Karaffa, Levente TI - INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION AND MUTATIONS OF SECOND ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE GENES IN ASPERGILLACEAE T2 - FIBOK 2024 6th National Conference of Young Biotechnologists PB - MTA Agrártudományok Osztálya, Mezőgazdasági Biotechnológiai Tudományos Bizottság CY - Budapest SN - 9786156448453 PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34847686 ID - 34847686 AB - Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a branched mitochondrial terminal oxidase, that bypasses Complex III and IV. Aox accepts electrons directly from ubiquinol and reduces oxygen to water without contributing to the proton gradient used for ATP synthesis. Aox is known to have various functions, including helping cells manage stress conditions, regulating cellular metabolism, and maintaining redox balance. In certain organisms, such as plants, it can play a role in preventing excessive reactive oxygen species production under stress conditions. Aox is nearly ubiquitous in fungi, yet the presence of multiple aox genes is uncommon. However, a second aox gene (aoxB) is present in some taxa of Aspergillaceae. Paralogous genes typically originate from duplication events and are passed down vertically. We offer evidence of four separate duplication events along the lineage that resulted in aox paralogues (aoxB) in contemporary Aspergillus and Penicillium taxa. In certain species, three aox genes are co-expressed, yet there are entire sections and series within Aspergillus that lose transient aoxB content. Within the subgenus Nidulantes, we have identified seven instances of independent aoxB gene loss and two instances of gain. The paralogous clades originate from widespread aoxA parent genes but never replace them, aoxA remains permanent across filamentous fungi. Within the database, Aspergillus niger strains possess six different alleles of the aoxB gene. Besides the wild type, we found five different mutations that caused errors in the gene product. A full-length AoxB is encoded in the acid producer ATCC 1015 strain. The investigation of alternative oxidase genes is crucial for a deeper understanding of citric acid production or clinical aspects. Fermentation occurs based on highly complex biochemical relationships, wherein the aox gene plays a crucial role. Understanding a gene well significantly contributes to strain development or possible clinical treatment. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Flipphi, Michel Johannes Anthonie AU - Fekete, Erzsébet AU - Karaffa, Levente TI - INSIGHTS INTO THE EVOLUTION AND MUTATIONS OF SECOND ALTERNATIVE OXIDASE GENES IN ASPERGILLACEAE CY - HUN-REN ATK Martonvásár, 4-5. April 2024. PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34847654 ID - 34847654 AB - Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a branched mitochondrial terminal oxidase, that bypasses Complex III and IV. Aox accepts electrons directly from ubiquinol and reduces oxygen to water without contributing to the proton gradient used for ATP synthesis. Aox is known to have various functions, including helping cells manage stress conditions, regulating cellular metabolism, and maintaining redox balance. In certain organisms, such as plants, it can play a role in preventing excessive reactive oxygen species production under stress conditions. Aox is nearly ubiquitous in fungi, yet the presence of multiple aox genes is uncommon. However, a second aox gene (aoxB) is present in some taxa of Aspergillaceae. Paralogous genes typically originate from duplication events and are passed down vertically. We offer evidence of four separate duplication events along the lineage that resulted in aox paralogues (aoxB) in contemporary Aspergillus and Penicillium taxa. In certain species, three aox genes are co-expressed, yet there are entire sections and series within Aspergillus that lose transient aoxB content. Within the subgenus Nidulantes, we have identified seven instances of independent aoxB gene loss and two instances of gain. The paralogous clades originate from widespread aoxA parent genes but never replace them, aoxA remains permanent across filamentous fungi. Within the database, Aspergillus niger strains possess six different alleles of the aoxB gene. Besides the wild type, we found five different mutations that caused errors in the gene product. A full-length AoxB is encoded in the acid producer ATCC 1015 strain. The investigation of alternative oxidase genes is crucial for a deeper understanding of citric acid production or clinical aspects. Fermentation occurs based on highly complex biochemical relationships, wherein the aox gene plays a crucial role. Understanding a gene well significantly contributes to strain development or possible clinical treatment. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gálné Remenyik, Judit AU - Csige, László AU - Dávid, Péter AU - Fauszt, Péter AU - Szilágyi-Rácz, Anna Anita AU - Szőllősi, Erzsébet AU - Bacsó, Zsófia Réka AU - Szepsy Jnr, István AU - Molnár, Krisztina AU - Rácz, Csaba AU - Fidler, Gábor AU - Kállai, Zoltán AU - Stündl, László AU - Dobos, Attila Csaba AU - Paholcsek, Melinda TI - Exploring the interplay between the core microbiota, physicochemical factors, agrobiochemical cycles in the soil of the historic tokaj mád wine region JF - PLOS ONE J2 - PLOS ONE VL - 19 PY - 2024 IS - 4 PG - 24 SN - 1932-6203 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0300563 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34832088 ID - 34832088 AB - A Hungarian survey of Tokaj-Mád vineyards was conducted. Shotgun metabarcoding was applied to decipher the microbial-terroir. The results of 60 soil samples showed that there were three dominant fungal phyla, Ascomycota 66.36% ± 15.26%, Basidiomycota 18.78% ± 14.90%, Mucoromycota 11.89% ± 8.99%, representing 97% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Mutual interactions between microbiota diversity and soil physicochemical parameters were revealed. Principal component analysis showed descriptive clustering patterns of microbial taxonomy and resistance gene profiles in the case of the four historic vineyards (Szent Tamás, Király, Betsek, Nyúlászó). Linear discriminant analysis effect size was performed, revealing pronounced shifts in community taxonomy based on soil physicochemical properties. Twelve clades exhibited the most significant shifts (LDA > 4.0), including the phyla Verrucomicrobia , Bacteroidetes , Chloroflexi , and Rokubacteria , the classes Acidobacteria , Deltaproteobacteria , Gemmatimonadetes , and Betaproteobacteria , the order Sphingomonadales , Hypomicrobiales , as well as the family Sphingomonadaceae and the genus Sphingomonas . Three out of the four historic vineyards exhibited the highest occurrences of the bacterial genus Bradyrhizobium , known for its positive influence on plant development and physiology through the secretion of steroid phytohormones. During ripening, the taxonomical composition of the soil fungal microbiota clustered into distinct groups depending on altitude, differences that were not reflected in bacteriomes. Network analyses were performed to unravel changes in fungal interactiomes when comparing postveraison and preharvest samples. In addition to the arbuscular mycorrhiza Glomeraceae , the families Mycosphaerellacae and Rhyzopodaceae and the class Agaricomycetes were found to have important roles in maintaining soil microbial community resilience. Functional metagenomics showed that the soil Na content stimulated several of the microbiota-related agrobiogeochemical cycles, such as nitrogen and sulphur metabolism; steroid, bisphenol, toluene, dioxin and atrazine degradation and the synthesis of folate. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bodnár , Veronika AU - Antal, Károly AU - de Vries, Ronald P. AU - Pócsi, István AU - Emri, Tamás TI - Aspergillus nidulans gfdB, Encoding the Hyperosmotic Stress Protein Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase, Disrupts Osmoadaptation in Aspergillus wentii JF - JOURNAL OF FUNGI J2 - J FUNGI VL - 10 PY - 2024 IS - 4 PG - 23 SN - 2309-608X DO - 10.3390/jof10040291 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34802432 ID - 34802432 AB - The genome of the osmophilic Aspergillus wentii, unlike that of the osmotolerant Aspergillus nidulans, contains only the gfdA, but not the gfdB, glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene. Here, we studied transcriptomic changes of A. nidulans (reference strain and ΔgfdB gene deletion mutant) and A. wentii (reference strain and An-gfdB expressing mutant) elicited by high osmolarity. A. nidulans showed a canonic hyperosmotic stress response characterized by the upregulation of the trehalose and glycerol metabolism genes (including gfdB), as well as the genes of the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) map kinase pathway. The deletion of gfdB caused only negligible alterations in the transcriptome, suggesting that the glycerol metabolism was flexible enough to compensate for the missing GfdB activity in this species. A. wentii responded differently to increased osmolarity than did A. nidulans, e.g., the bulk upregulation of the glycerol and trehalose metabolism genes, along with the HOG pathway genes, was not detected. The expression of An-gfdB in A. wentii did not abolish osmophily, but it reduced growth and caused much bigger alterations in the transcriptome than did the missing gfdB gene in A. nidulans. Flexible glycerol metabolism and hence, two differently regulated gfd genes, may be more beneficial for osmotolerant (living under changing osmolarity) than for osmophilic (living under constantly high osmolarity) species. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Imre, Alexandra AU - Kovács, Renátó AU - Ibrahim, Al’ Abri AU - Nathan, Crook AU - Pfliegler, Valter Péter TI - Specific high effect mutations in clinical and experimentally evolved Saccharomyces ‘boulardii’ isolates show that genes involved in chemical response might have a role during the adaptation to the human host T2 - The Allied Genetics Conference 2024 Abstract Book PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34753304 ID - 34753304 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Karaffa, Levente AU - Flipphi, Michel Johannes Anthonie AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Bakondi-Kovács, István AU - Ág-Rácz, Viktória AU - Ág, Norbert AU - Fekete, Erzsébet TI - Second Alternative Oxidase Genes in Aspergillaceae: Genesis, Loss and Mutations T2 - The 20th International Aspergillus Meeting,Asperfest20 Program and Abstract Book PY - 2024 SP - 26 EP - 27 PG - 2 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34751176 ID - 34751176 AB - Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a terminal oxidase in branched mitochondrial electron transport that provides a non-electrogenic alternative to canonical cytochrome-mediated electron flow, bypassing the proton- pumping complexes III and IV. The consequence of the direct transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to oxygen without concomitant build up of proton motive force is the uncoupling of ATP synthesis via oxidative phosporylation from NADH reoxidation, to allow carbon catabolism to continue unabated even when ATP demand is low or when non-carbon nutrients become limiting. Thus, Aox plays an important role in the energetics of overflow metabolism-based bioprocesses such as Aspergillus niger citric acid fermentation and Aspergillus terreus itaconate production. Aox (aoxA gene) is near ubiquitous in the fungal kingdom, but coexistence of multiple aox genes is rare. However, a second aox gene (aoxB) is present in some taxa of Aspergillaceae. Paralogous genes generally originate from duplication and inherit vertically; we provide evidence for four independent duplication events at different points in evolution that resulted in aoxB paralogs in contemporary Aspergilli and Penicillia. The paralog in A. niger has a different origin than the paralog in A. terreus, while a third independently formed paralog is found in A. wentii. All paralogous clades arise from original aoxA parent genes but never replace them. Few species have accumulated three co-expressed aox genes. Therefore, loss of once acquired paralogs co-determines contemporary aox gene content in individual species. For instance, section Fumigati has lost all its transient paralogs. In the subgenus Nidulantes, we identified seven independent occasions of aoxB gene loss and two gains. In A. calidoustus, both more ancient aoxB paralogs present in the last common ancestor of the subgenus have been substituted by two other aoxB genes of completely distinct origins. We found that the paralogous aoxB gene in some 75 genome-sequenced A. niger strains features variation at a level not detected for the ubiquitous aoxA gene. Five mutations were identified that plausibly affect transcription, function, or terminally modify the gene product. A full-length AoxB is encoded in the acid producer ATCC 1015. Hence, the A. niger sensu stricto complex can be subdivided into six taxa according to the resident aoxB allele. To date, confident separation could only be accomplished after comparative analyses of whole genome sequences. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Karaffa, Levente AU - Flipphi, Michel Johannes Anthonie AU - Márton, Alexandra AU - Bíró, Vivien AU - Bakondi-Kovács, István AU - Ág-Rácz, Viktória AU - Ág, Norbert AU - Fekete, Erzsébet TI - Second Alternative Oxidase Genes in Aspergillaceae: Genesis, Loss and Mutations CY - Asperfest20 PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34751163 ID - 34751163 AB - Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a terminal oxidase in branched mitochondrial electron transport that provides a non-electrogenic alternative to canonical cytochrome-mediated electron flow, bypassing the proton- pumping complexes III and IV. The consequence of the direct transfer of electrons from ubiquinol to oxygen without concomitant build up of proton motive force is the uncoupling of ATP synthesis via oxidative phosporylation from NADH reoxidation, to allow carbon catabolism to continue unabated even when ATP demand is low or when non-carbon nutrients become limiting. Thus, Aox plays an important role in the energetics of overflow metabolism-based bioprocesses such as Aspergillus niger citric acid fermentation and Aspergillus terreus itaconate production. Aox (aoxA gene) is near ubiquitous in the fungal kingdom, but coexistence of multiple aox genes is rare. However, a second aox gene (aoxB) is present in some taxa of Aspergillaceae. Paralogous genes generally originate from duplication and inherit vertically; we provide evidence for four independent duplication events at different points in evolution that resulted in aoxB paralogs in contemporary Aspergilli and Penicillia. The paralog in A. niger has a different origin than the paralog in A. terreus, while a third independently formed paralog is found in A. wentii. All paralogous clades arise from original aoxA parent genes but never replace them. Few species have accumulated three co-expressed aox genes. Therefore, loss of once acquired paralogs co-determines contemporary aox gene content in individual species. For instance, section Fumigati has lost all its transient paralogs. In the subgenus Nidulantes, we identified seven independent occasions of aoxB gene loss and two gains. In A. calidoustus, both more ancient aoxB paralogs present in the last common ancestor of the subgenus have been substituted by two other aoxB genes of completely distinct origins. We found that the paralogous aoxB gene in some 75 genome-sequenced A. niger strains features variation at a level not detected for the ubiquitous aoxA gene. Five mutations were identified that plausibly affect transcription, function, or terminally modify the gene product. A full-length AoxB is encoded in the acid producer ATCC 1015. Hence, the A. niger sensu stricto complex can be subdivided into six taxa according to the resident aoxB allele. To date, confident separation could only be accomplished after comparative analyses of whole genome sequences. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -