@article{MTMT:36945264,
	title = {A comprehensive overview of the potential of recycled carbon fiber from composite waste: reclamation, remanufacturing, and performance},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36945264},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	doi = {10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115352},
	journal-iso = {WASTE MANAGE},
	journal = {WASTE MANAGEMENT},
	volume = {213},
	unique-id = {36945264},
	issn = {0956-053X},
	abstract = {The widespread adoption of carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) across high-performance sectors such as aerospace, automotive, wind energy, and construction has significantly increased the global demand for carbon fibers (CFs). However, the energy-intensive production process and growing volume of end-of-life (EoL) CFRP waste present significant environmental and economic challenges. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art in carbon fiber recycling, focusing on the reclamation, remanufacturing, and reuse of recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) to support a sustainable circular economy. These waste streams are projected to grow substantially, driven by the decommissioning of wind turbines and aircraft. The valuable fibers are lost in traditional waste management practices, such as landfilling and incineration. Landfilling is also detrimental to the environment and unsustainable. Hence, recovering CFs through recycling is essential for minimizing environmental impacts and preserving material value. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of recycling technologies, including mechanical, thermal, chemical, and emerging methods. Each technique is assessed based on quantified fiber retention, energy efficiency, scalability, and technological readiness. The study further explores remanufacturing technologies for rCFs, detailing their transformation into intermediate forms suitable for reuse. The alignment of discontinuous fibers is critical for maximizing mechanical performance. Analytical and numerical modeling tools applied to predict fiber orientation, alignment efficiency, and composite behavior are included. In addition to technical insights, the article integrates economic viability, quality assurance, and life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate environmental performance, supporting market acceptance and regulatory compliance by quantifying the sustainability advantages of rCFs.},
	keywords = {MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; recycling; carbon fiber; environmental assessment; Hybrid composites; Reclamation; Engineering, Environmental; Remanufacturing; Thermoelastic properties; REPRESENTATIVE VOLUME ELEMENTS; THERMOSET COMPOSITE; IN-USE STOCKS; Composites recycling; REINFORCED POLYMERS CFRPS; WIND TURBINE-BLADES},
	year = {2026},
	eissn = {1879-2456},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@article{MTMT:36153153,
	title = {From scrap to structure: The challenges of carbon fibre recycling},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36153153},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter and Toldy, Andrea},
	doi = {10.3144/expresspolymlett.2025.49},
	journal-iso = {EXPRESS POLYM LETT},
	journal = {EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS},
	volume = {19},
	unique-id = {36153153},
	issn = {1788-618X},
	year = {2025},
	eissn = {1788-618X},
	pages = {651-652},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544; Toldy, Andrea/0000-0003-3569-1828}
}

@article{MTMT:36349434,
	title = {Investigation of high-performance recycled carbon fibre reinforced aluminium core sandwich structures},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36349434},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	doi = {10.3144/expresspolymlett.2025.88},
	journal-iso = {EXPRESS POLYM LETT},
	journal = {EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS},
	volume = {19},
	unique-id = {36349434},
	issn = {1788-618X},
	abstract = {This study examines the performance of hybrid sandwich composites with a recycled aluminium foam (AlF) core and a recycled carbon-reinforced polymer skin layer. Three composite skin configurations were examined: (i) unidirectional (UD) carbon/epoxy sheets representing aligned virgin fibre reinforcement, (ii) randomly oriented recycled carbon fibre (rCF) mats consolidated by hand layup with epoxy, and (iii) randomly oriented rCF/epoxy sheets consolidated by hot pressing. The AlF core structure analysis revealed a low density and uniform open-cell structure ideal for lightweight cores. Comprehensive testing revealed significant performance differences between skin types and manufacturing methods, underscoring the critical role of processing – particularly hot pressing – in enhancing fibre compaction, matrix consolidation and interfacial bonding between the core and facesheets. Unidirectional carbon fibre skins achieved the highest flexural stiffness. In contrast, hot-pressed rCF mats provided the most balanced properties, combining high compression, damage resistance, and flexural strength, due to improved consolidation and reduced porosity in the face sheets. Thus, hybrid sandwich structures fabricated from recycled AlF core and rCF represent a viable, environmentally responsible alternative for aerospace, automotive, and protective applications requiring lightweight, high-strength, and damage-resistant materials.},
	year = {2025},
	eissn = {1788-618X},
	pages = {1202-1213},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@article{MTMT:36505141,
	title = {Sustainable Reinforcement for Rubbers─Potential Application of Recycled Carbon Fibers},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/36505141},
	author = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter and Sántha, Péter},
	doi = {10.1021/acsomega.5c05493},
	journal-iso = {ACS OMEGA},
	journal = {ACS OMEGA},
	volume = {10},
	unique-id = {36505141},
	issn = {2470-1343},
	abstract = {This study shows the utilization of recycled carbon fibers (rCF) in nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) to produce sustainable, high-performance elastomer-based mixtures. Recycled carbon fibers, sourced from composite waste, were incorporated into the NBR matrix with different concentrations using an internal mixer for compounding and hot pressing for vulcanization. Tensile, hardness, tear and abrasion tests, and a scanning electron microscopy study were performed to show the effects of rCF. The results indicate that moderate fiber contents significantly enhance the stiffness and tensile strength of NBR without compromising its inherent elasticity. Twenty phr recycled carbon fiber increased tensile strength by 15% but decreased strain by 16% and almost doubled stiffness compared to the reference. The addition of carbon fibers caused an increase in hardness proportionally with the amount of reinforcement. 50 phr rCF increased Shore A hardness by 30%. When rCF was added, abrasion resistance increased significantly; 10 phr carbon fiber halved the amount of abraded material. Microscopic examinations confirmed the significance of fiber dispersion and adequate bonding at the matrix–fiber interface for optimal load transfer. The possibility of foaming was analyzed, and the hypothesis was proved. The results demonstrate the viability of recycled carbon fibers as a reinforcement in NBR, which also highlight the environmental and economic benefits associated with recycling composite materials in the rubber industry.},
	year = {2025},
	eissn = {2470-1343},
	pages = {61276-61287},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@article{MTMT:34521631,
	title = {Fehér töltőanyagot tartalmazó gumikeverékek fejlesztése},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34521631},
	author = {Dózsa, Gergő and Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	journal-iso = {POLIMEREK},
	journal = {POLIMEREK},
	volume = {10},
	unique-id = {34521631},
	issn = {2415-9492},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {34-40},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:35188876,
	title = {Interlaminar Properties of Hybrid Stacking Recycled Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Composites},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/35188876},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 21st European Conference on Composite Materials (ECCM21)},
	unique-id = {35188876},
	abstract = {Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites have garnered widespread adoption in diverse industries due to their exceptional properties and versatility. As global demand for these materials continues to rise, effective management of waste generated during production and end-of-life cycles becomes imperative. Recycling technologies offer a promising solution, enabling the recovery of reinforcing materials and the circularization of material flows in the composites industry. This study investigates the potential of recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) as interlayers to enhance the interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. Nonwoven mats based on rCFs are utilized to toughen a unidirectional carbon/epoxy laminate, aiming to improve Mode-I and Mode-II fracture toughness and fatigue performance. Fracture tests, augmented with acoustic emission (AE) and microscopic analysis of fracture surfaces, provide insights into the efficiency of incorporating rCF interlayers to enhance composite structures' long-term behavior and durability.},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {1231-1238},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@article{MTMT:33293126,
	title = {Potential applications of basalt fibre composites in thermal shielding},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33293126},
	author = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter and Sántha, Péter},
	doi = {10.1007/s10973-022-11799-2},
	journal-iso = {J THERM ANAL CALORIM},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY},
	volume = {148},
	unique-id = {33293126},
	issn = {1388-6150},
	abstract = {This present study demonstrates the applicability of basalt fibre-reinforced polymer (BFRP) composite materials in thermal shielding. Basalt fibres are produced from natural, sustainable sources and obtain comparable mechanical performance to commercial glass fibres. In addition to their mechanical strength, BFRPs have excellent chemical and heat resistance. Basalt fibres tend to have a higher thermal stability than their competitor glass fibres. The heat resistance of basalt fibres derives from the volcanic origin of the raw material basalt gabbro. These favourable features make BFRP composites an attractive group of materials for application in several industries. To test the fire resistance of the materials, we produced mono and hybrid composite plates from different types of basalt reinforcement structures (milled fibres, chopped fibres and woven fabric) and epoxy resin. Surface treatment with silane coupling agents significantly improved the mechanical and thermomechanical properties of BFRPs by up to 70%. Three-point bending tests were performed to determine the flexural properties of the composite specimens, and their fire behaviour was evaluated with a horizontal burning test, and a novel jet fire test assisted with infrared thermal imaging. Higher fibre content in hybrid laminates decreased the linear burning rate by 8%, and the maximum surface temperature was approximately 80 °C lower after jet fire impingement compared to woven reinforcement structure.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1588-2926},
	pages = {271-279},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34751469,
	title = {MODELLING OF RECYCLED CARBON FIBRE-REINFORCED 3D-PRINTED THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34751469},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	booktitle = {23rd International Conference on Composite Materials, ICCM 2023},
	unique-id = {34751469},
	year = {2023},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34909192,
	title = {Fire Retardant Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34909192},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	booktitle = {19th European meeting on Fire Retardant Polymeric Materials (FRPM23)},
	unique-id = {34909192},
	abstract = {Main message:
		The overview of the literature reveals that there is a lack of comprehensive research on alternative fiber-reinforced polymers. In this present study, we have investigated the fire resistance of basalt fiber polymer composites (BFRP). Different forms of basalt fiber reinforcement (plain woven fabric, chopped strands, milled fibers) was used with an epoxy polymer matrix. The fire resistance of the produced composite materials was evaluated by horizontal burning test and mass loss cone calorimetry.
		Introduction
		Inorganic basalt fibers are produced from natural, sustainable sources and obtain comparable mechanical performance to commercial glass fibers [1,2]. Basalt fibers possess higher thermal stability than glass fibers and have high chemical resistance due to the chemical structure originating from the volcanic gabbro. These favorable properties and moderate cost make BFRP composites an attractive group of structural materials for application in power, civil-construction and transport industries [3,4].
		Experimental
		Three different types of basalt fiber reinforcements were used in our experiments: milled fibers (Basaltex, Belgium, average fiber length: 108.57±57.09 μm), chopped fibers (Kamenny Vek, Russia, nominal fiber length: 12.7 mm), and plain-woven basalt fabrics (Kamenny Vek, Russia, areal density: 210 gsm). A common laminating epoxy system of component A-IPOX MR 3010 modified bisphenol A/F resin and component B-IPOX MH 3124 modified cycloaliphatic amine hardener (Ipox Chemicals GmbH, Germany) with mixing ration of 100:33 by mass, was used as polymer matrix. In the case of milled and chopped basalt fibers 10; 20; 30 m/m% fiber content was maintained, and dispersion of fibers was measured on five samples per material selected from different places of the plates. The short fibers were well dispersed as the standard deviation of the measured fiber content was below 0.5 m/m%. Fiber distribution and interlaminar properties of hybrid laminates are compared with the plain-woven reinforced specimens by short beam shear tests and optical microscopy. The fire behavior of the materials was investigated by UL-94 horizontal burning tests and mass loss cone calorimetry.
		Results and Discussion
		Previously, the mechanical, thermo-mechanical and thermal shielding properties of the BFRP composites was investigated [5]. Fabric reinforced BFRP specimens achieved a flexural modulus of 15.54 GPa and strength of 336.40 MPa. Higher fiber content in hybrid laminates decreased the linear burning rate by 8%, and the maximum surface temperature was approximately 80 °C lower after jet fire impingement compared to woven reinforcement structure.
		UL-94 horizontal burning test results show that the BFRP composites are rated HB according to the standard, but the linear burning rate of the different reinforcements varied significantly. Lower burning rates were achieved at higher fiber content. Highest flame spread was examined at the woven textile reinforced specimens due to the so-called candle-wick effect. The presence of milled fibers in hybrid laminates decreased the burning rate by up to 19%. The mass loss cone calorimetry test show that the total heat release rate (THR) of the specimens decreased with the increasing fiber content.},
	keywords = {cone calorimetry; basalt fiber composites; basalt fiber (BF)},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {254-255},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}

@article{MTMT:33338011,
	title = {Újrahasznosított szénszálat tartalmazó nyomtatófilament fejlesztése additív gyártástechnológiához},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33338011},
	author = {Sántha, Péter and Tamás-Bényei, Péter},
	journal-iso = {POLIMEREK},
	journal = {POLIMEREK},
	volume = {8},
	unique-id = {33338011},
	issn = {2415-9492},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {361-366},
	orcid-numbers = {Tamás-Bényei, Péter/0000-0002-0001-3544}
}