@article{MTMT:34763138, title = {Control techniques of switched reluctance motors in electric vehicle applications: A review on torque ripple reduction strategies}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34763138}, author = {Saleh, Ameer Lateef and Al-Amyal, Fahad and Számel, László}, doi = {10.3934/electreng.2024005}, journal-iso = {AIMS ELECTRON ELECTRIC ENGIN}, journal = {AIMS ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING}, volume = {8}, unique-id = {34763138}, abstract = {As electric vehicles (EVs) continue to acquire prominence in the transportation industry, improving the outcomes and efficiency of their propulsion systems is becoming increasingly critical. Switched Reluctance Motors (SRMs) have become a compelling option for EV applications due to their simplicity, magnet-free design, robustness, and cost-effectiveness, making them an attractive choice for the growing EV market. Despite all these features and compared to other electrical machines, SRMs suffer from some restrictions, such as torque ripple and audible noise generation, stemming from their markedly nonlinear characteristics, which affect their productivity and efficiency. Therefore, to address these problems, especially the torque ripple, it is crucial and challenging to enhance the performance of the SRM drive system. This paper proposed a comprehensive review of torque ripple minimization strategies of SRMs in EV applications. It covered a detailed overview and categorized and compared many strategies, including two general categories of torque ripple mitigation encompassing optimization design topologies and control strategy developments. Then, focused on control strategy improvements and divided them into torque and current control strategies, including the sub-sections. In addition, the research also provided an overview of SRM fundamental operations, converter topologies, and excitation angle approaches. Last, a comparison between each method in torque control and current control strategies was listed, including the adopted method, features, and drawbacks.}, year = {2024}, eissn = {2578-1588}, pages = {104-145}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @mastersthesis{MTMT:34427678, title = {Performance Optimization of Switched Reluctance Motor Drives for Electric Vehicles Applications}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34427678}, author = {Al-Amyal, Fahad}, publisher = {Budapest University of Technology and Economics}, unique-id = {34427678}, abstract = {Electric vehicles (EVs) have recently received a lot of attention to address environmental and economic concerns. To mitigate the harmful effects of using internal combustion engines (ICEs), EVs are involved in the automotive industry to replace traditional ICEs with electrical motors. Compared to different electrical motors topologies that can be utilized in the EVs industry, the switched reluctance motors (SRMs) have more reliable design, can provide higher fault-tolerant capability, potentially low-cost drive, multiple-speed ranges, and they are capable of operating normally in rough environments. However, SRMs have a double salient structure, which complicates their modeling and control. Moreover, the inherent torque ripple and acoustic noise are the major limitations against the wider employment of SRMs in the present technology. The primary objective of this thesis is to solve the torque ripple problem of SRMs and maximize their performance to satisfy the EVs' requirements. Therefore, as first step, a complete SRM drive is designed and implemented on an experimental platform to test machine performance for verification purposes. Secondly, the magnetic characteristics of tested SRM prototypes are obtained using the finite element method (FEM). The obtained characteristics are then experimentally validated based on a set of indirect flux measurements and direct torque measurements to implement a trusted model that can incorporate all the SRM nonlinearities. Thirdly, an upgraded methodology of ant colony optimization (ACO) called multistage ant colony optimization (MSACA) is introduced to optimize the excitation parameters of SRM and hence, implement an improved current chopping control (CCC) scheme. Fourthly, an improved indirect instantaneous torque control (IITC) approach is proposed. This approach is implemented using a novel hybrid torque sharing function (TSF) that significantly reduces torque ripple at multiple speed commands. Finally, two direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) schemes are presented. The first DITC scheme incorporates a novel adaptive real-time commutation mechanism. The second scheme is implemented using MSACO-based optimized excitation parameters and a new switching strategy for the hysteresis torque controller. Both schemes effectively enhanced the torque profile and efficiency of the tested SRM. The proposed strategies are validated by simulations and experimental measurements with a four-phase SRM (4 kW, 1500 rpm, 8/6 pole combinations) and a three-phase SRM (750 W, 1500 rpm, 12/8 pole combinations).}, year = {2023} } @article{MTMT:33151760, title = {An enhanced direct instantaneous torque control of switched reluctance motor drives using ant colony optimization}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33151760}, author = {Al-Amyal, Fahad and Számel, László and Hamouda, Mahmoud}, doi = {10.1016/j.asej.2022.101967}, journal-iso = {AIN SHAMS ENG J}, journal = {AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, volume = {14}, unique-id = {33151760}, issn = {2090-4479}, abstract = {The highly nonlinear characteristics of switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are the drawback that compli-cates their control and modeling. Hence, obtaining the best performance becomes a challenging task. Therefore, this paper presents an upgraded methodology of the ant colony optimization (ACO) technique. The proposed multistage ant colony optimization (MSACO) enhances the search capability of the classical ACO. Therefore, it helps to find the best switching angles without violating pre-specified constraints. The optimized angles are used to implement an improved high-performance direct instantaneous torque con-trol (DITC) drive. This work focuses on reducing torque ripple, improving motor efficiency, and prevent-ing generating a considerable amount of negative torque. Moreover, a current detector is used to provide information about negative torque production and thus helps to find optimal angles and avoid the set of solutions that give a considerable amount of negative torque. Furthermore, a new switching strategy is utilized to implement an efficient hysteresis torque controller, where the selection of the switching mode of the power converter is entirely determined based on the inductance profile of the SRM. The utilized switching strategy guarantees accurate torque tracking over the entire phase excitation period; thus, the machine's torque profile is improved further. The simulation results showed the superiority of the proposed control method over the traditional control method. In addition, the experimental measure-ments have been carried out to verify the simulation findings using a three-phase 750 W, 12/8 SRM prototype.(c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Uni-versity. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).}, keywords = {DESIGN; Generator; direct instantaneous torque control; switched reluctance motors; Torque profile improvement}, year = {2023}, eissn = {2090-4495}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @inproceedings{MTMT:33733402, title = {Modeling and Simulation of Switched Reluctance Motor with Internal Fault Capability}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33733402}, author = {Hamouda, Mahmoud and Al-Amyal, Fahad and Számel, László}, booktitle = {IEEE 5th International Conference and Workshop in Óbuda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO-EPE 2022)}, doi = {10.1109/CANDO-EPE57516.2022.10046371}, unique-id = {33733402}, year = {2022}, pages = {55-60}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @article{MTMT:33214005, title = {A Novel Universal Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Motors for Electric Vehicles}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33214005}, author = {Hamouda, M. and Al-Amyal, Fahad and Odinaev, I. and Ibrahim, M.N. and Számel, László}, doi = {10.3390/math10203833}, journal-iso = {MATHEMATICS-BASEL}, journal = {MATHEMATICS}, volume = {10}, unique-id = {33214005}, abstract = {Due to their advantages, switched reluctance motors (SRMs) are interesting solutions for electric vehicle (EV) propulsion. However, they have the main drawback of high torque ripple. This paper develops a universal torque control (UTC) technique for SRM that can fulfill all vehicle requirements under a wide range of speeds. The developed UTC involves two different control techniques. It utilizes the direct instantaneous torque control (DITC) strategy in a low speed region, and the average torque control (ATC) strategy in high speeds. The selection of DITC and ATC is made based on their performance regarding torque ripple, torque/current ratio, and efficiency. Moreover, a novel transition control between the two control techniques is introduced. The results show the ability of the proposed UTC to achieve vehicle requirements while obtaining all the benefits of torque control over the possible range of speeds. The proposed UTC provides the best performance regarding minimum torque ripple, maximum torque/current ratio, and maximum efficiency over the whole speed range. The transition control achieves a smooth operation without any disturbances. The transition control helps to simplify the overall control algorithm, aiming to have a feasible and practical UTC without a complicated control structure.}, year = {2022}, eissn = {2227-7390}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @article{MTMT:33095013, title = {Research on Novel Hybrid Torque Sharing Function for Switched Reluctance Motors}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33095013}, author = {Al-Amyal, Fahad and Számel, László}, doi = {10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3202296}, journal-iso = {IEEE ACCESS}, journal = {IEEE ACCESS}, volume = {10}, unique-id = {33095013}, issn = {2169-3536}, abstract = {Torque Sharing Function (TSF) approach can be considered a promising method to solve the torque ripple issue in switched reluctance motors (SRMs) drives at low and medium speed ranges. However, at the high-speed operation of the machine, the actual phase current fails to track the reference current profile. This limitation primarily occurs over the demagnetization period of each phase current. Consequently, each phase torque will also fail to track its corresponding reference torque created by the TSF strategy. As a result of the torque tracking error, a considerable torque ripple will be produced. To address this issue, a novel hybrid TSF is proposed in this research article. The hybrid TSF can adapt during the real-time operation relying on the current (and thus the torque) tracking capability during the magnetization period, which is much higher than during the demagnetization period. At each electrical cycle, the rising part of the incoming phase torque reference is re-profiled to mirror the declining part of the actual torque of the outgoing phases. And therefore, the torque tracking error can be compensated, and a remarkable torque ripple suppression will be attained. Additionally, within the hybrid TSF, an overlap angle controller is also proposed in this work and participated in high-speed operation. The controller keeps monitoring the error between the commanded torque and the actual average torque of the machine, and by adjusting the overlap angle in real-time, the error can be further compensated. Thus, further torque tracking capability is attained. A set of simulation results are presented and favorably compared with other traditional TSF approaches to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed hybrid TSF.}, keywords = {Optimization; Optimization; EXCITATION; MACHINES; Control systems; Torque control; Drives; SWITCHES; Rotors; control strategy; Torque measurement; Reluctance motors; Switched Reluctance Motor; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Computer Science, Information Systems; hybrid torque sharing function; RIPPLE MINIMIZATION}, year = {2022}, eissn = {2169-3536}, pages = {91306-91315}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @article{MTMT:32754466, title = {Performance improvement based on adaptive commutation strategy for switched reluctance motors using direct torque control}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32754466}, author = {Al-Amyal, Fahad and Abdel Aziz, Mahmoud Hamouda Mahmoud and Számel, László}, doi = {10.1016/j.aej.2022.02.039}, journal-iso = {ALEX ENG J}, journal = {ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL}, volume = {61}, unique-id = {32754466}, issn = {1110-0168}, abstract = {This research presents an improved direct instantaneous torque controller (DITC) for switched reluctance motors (SRMs). It incorporates a novel adaptive real-time commutation mechanism. The proposed method can effectively enhance the torque profile and efficiency of the machine by proper real-time adjustment of both the turn-on and the turn-off angles. First, an initial value of the turn-on angle is selected to achieve the highest torque generation capability. Then, with a real-time adjustment around the pre-selected initial angle, the instantaneous torque error can be further compensated. Hence, the torque ripple is minimized. Regarding the turn-off angle, an initial value is selected to satisfy the minimum required conduction angle of SRM. Then, this value is continuously adjusted at each electrical cycle by utilizing a phase current detector to force the outgoing phase current to decay to a less effective value before the negative slope of the inductance profile. Therefore, this prevents serious negative torque generation. The proposed strategy fully utilizes the torque generation capability of the motor with a minimized torque ripple, besides the phase currents, are generated in optimal conduction range to enhance the motor efficiency. The simulations and experiments have been carried out on a 3-phase 750 W 12/8 SRM to validate the proposed method's feasibility and effectiveness. © 2022 THE AUTHORS}, year = {2022}, eissn = {2090-2670}, pages = {9219-9233}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @article{MTMT:32473610, title = {Analytical Approach for the Turn-Off Angle in Switched Reluctance Motors}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32473610}, author = {Al-Amyal, Fahad and Számel, László}, doi = {10.1007/978-981-16-2102-4_62}, journal-iso = {LNNS}, journal = {LECTURE NOTES IN NETWORKS AND SYSTEMS}, volume = {217}, unique-id = {32473610}, issn = {2367-3370}, year = {2022}, eissn = {2367-3389}, pages = {685-696}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @inproceedings{MTMT:32592549, title = {Adaptive Firing Angles Control for Switched Reluctance Motor}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32592549}, author = {Al Quraan, Laith and Al-Amyal, Fahad and Számel, László}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE 4rd International Conference and Workshop in Óbuda on Electrical and Power Engineering (CANDO-EPE)}, doi = {10.1109/CANDO-EPE54223.2021.9667911}, unique-id = {32592549}, year = {2021}, pages = {119-124}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} } @article{MTMT:32236333, title = {Torque Quality Improvement of Switched Reluctance Motor Using Ant Colony Algorithm}, url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32236333}, author = {Al-Amyal, Fahad and Abdel Aziz, Mahmoud Hamouda Mahmoud and Számel, László}, doi = {10.12700/APH.18.7.2021.7.7}, journal-iso = {ACTA POLYTECH HUNG}, journal = {ACTA POLYTECHNICA HUNGARICA}, volume = {18}, unique-id = {32236333}, issn = {1785-8860}, year = {2021}, eissn = {1785-8860}, pages = {129-150}, orcid-numbers = {Számel, László/0000-0002-6393-7672} }