@article{MTMT:33284209,
	title = {The Role of Hybrid Battery–SMES Energy Storage in Enriching the Permanence of PV–Wind DC Microgrids: A Case Study},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33284209},
	author = {Salama, Hossam Salah Hussein and Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Vokony, István and Dán, András},
	doi = {10.3390/eng3020016},
	journal-iso = {ENG},
	journal = {ENG},
	volume = {3},
	unique-id = {33284209},
	abstract = {The superior access to renewable sources in modern power systems increases the fluctuations in system voltage and power. Additionally, the central dilemmas in using renewable energy sources (RESs) are the intermittent nature of and dependence on wind speed and solar irradiance for wind and photovoltaic (PV) systems, respectively. Therefore, utilizing a vigorous and effective energy storage system (ESS) with RESs is crucial to overcoming such challenges and dilemmas. This paper describes the impacts of using a battery storage system (BSS) and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) system on a DC bus microgrid-integrated hybrid solar–wind system. The proposed method employs a combination of BSS and SMES to improve the microgrid stability during different events, such as wind variation, shadow, wind turbine (WT) connection, and sudden PV outage events. Distinct control approaches are proposed to control the system’s different components in order to increase overall system stability and power exchange. Both the PV and wind systems are further equipped with unique maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controllers. Additionally, each of the ESSs is controlled using a proposed control method to supervise the interchange of the active power within the system and to keep the DC bus voltage constant during the different examined instabilities. Furthermore, to maintain the load voltage /frequency constant, the prime inverter is controlled using the proposed inverter control unit. The simulation results performed with Matlab/Simulink show that the hybrid BSS + SMES system successfully achieves the main targets, i.e., DC voltage, interchange power, and load voltage/frequency are improved and smoothed out. Moreover, a comparison among three case studies is presented, namely without using ESSs, using the BSS only, and once more using both BSS and SMES systems. The findings prove the efficacy of the proposed control method based on the hybrid BSS + SMES approach over BSS only in preserving the modern power system’s stability and reliability during the variable events.},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {2673-4117},
	pages = {207-223}
}

@mastersthesis{MTMT:33250451,
	title = {Optimal Planning and Multicriteria Decision-Making Analysis of Local Energy Production Systems Considering Stability and Power Quality Enrichment},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33250451},
	author = {Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed},
	publisher = {Budapest University of Technology and Economics},
	unique-id = {33250451},
	year = {2022}
}

@article{MTMT:33091411,
	title = {Comparative Analysis of a DC-microgrid Incorporating Hybrid Battery/Supercapacitor Storage System Addressing Pulse Load},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33091411},
	author = {Salama, Hossam Salah Hussein and Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Vokony, István and Dán, András},
	doi = {10.24084/repqj20.310},
	journal-iso = {RENEWABLE ENERGY & POWER QUALITY J},
	journal = {RENEWABLE ENERGY & POWER QUALITY JOURNAL},
	volume = {20},
	unique-id = {33091411},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {2172-038X},
	pages = {359-363}
}

@article{MTMT:32550297,
	title = {Enriching the stability of solar/wind DC microgrids using battery and superconducting magnetic energy storage based fuzzy logic control},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32550297},
	author = {Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Elmorshedy, Mahmoud F. and Salama, Hossam Salah Hussein and Dán, András},
	doi = {10.1016/j.est.2021.103751},
	journal-iso = {J ENERGY STORAGE},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE},
	volume = {45},
	unique-id = {32550297},
	issn = {2352-152X},
	abstract = {Utilizing robustly-controlled energy storage technologies performs a substantial role in improving the stability of standalone microgrids in terms of voltages and powers. The majority of investigations focused less on integrating energy storage systems (especially superconducting magnetic energy storage 'SMES') within DC-bus microgrids. Besides, implementing fuzzy logic control (FLC) for both batteries and SMES within the DC-bus microgrids to enrich their stability and power quality under extreme climatic and loading variations has been seldomly addressed. Consequently, this paper introduces a comparative analysis of the performance of a hybrid renewable PV/wind DC-bus microgrid that separately implements fuzzy-controlled battery and SMES systems to enhance the microgrid stability and power quality. The proposed FLC approaches supervise energy interchange inside the system, mitigate the DC-bus voltage fluctuations, and smooth out the load power during the different instabilities. The system is examined under distinct normal and extreme climatic fluctuations such as wind gusts and rapid shadow and under sudden balanced and unbalanced loading events. The proposed FLC approaches are established based on quantifying the DC-bus voltage variation and measuring the actual battery and SMES currents which can be employed directly for the control action; hence, reducing both calculations/calibrations and complexity of the control system. Besides, they offer very quick charging/discharging actions for both battery and SMES systems to mitigate unexpected and rapid variations efficiently. For the load side, the study proposes a variable modulation index control based-sinusoidal pulse width modulation for controlling the prime inverter to preserve the load voltage and frequency constant during both balanced and unbalanced loading and extreme climatic disturbances. The obtained findings confirmed the efficacy of the proposed approaches in enriching the microgrid stability. Besides, they unveiled the magnificent performance of SMES over batteries regarding the response time, peak over- and undershoot, load voltage profile, and load power smoothness.},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {2352-1538}
}

@article{MTMT:32490454,
	title = {Performance Assessment of Integrating SMES and Battery Storage Systems with Renewable DC-bus Microgrids: A Comparison},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32490454},
	author = {Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Elmorshedy, Mahmoud F. and Dán, András},
	doi = {10.3311/PPee.17676},
	journal-iso = {PERIOD POLYTECH ELECTR ENG COMP SCI},
	journal = {PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA-ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE},
	volume = {65},
	unique-id = {32490454},
	issn = {2064-5260},
	abstract = {The presence of renewable energy sources in hybrid renewable energy systems is considered a significant challenge since the generation mainly depends on meteorological conditions. Hence, employing a robust and flexible energy storage system is, therefore, a crucial solution in such circumstances. This paper investigates the performance evaluation of both batteries and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems integrated with hybrid solar-wind DC-bus microgrid. The study focuses on enhancing the system stability using both storage technologies during normal and extreme renewables instabilities like wind gusts and shadows, and sudden load variations. Moreover, the load voltage/frequency were preserved constant during the distinct instabilities using the inverter control system. Productive findings showed the superior performance of utilizing the SMES over the batteries and its potential to enhance the system power-quality.},
	year = {2021},
	eissn = {2064-5279},
	pages = {382-393}
}

@article{MTMT:32408540,
	title = {Optimal design and energy management of an isolated fully renewable energy system integrating batteries and supercapacitors},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32408540},
	author = {Elmorshedy, Mahmoud F. and Elkadeem, M. R. and Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Taha, Ibrahim B. M. and Mazzeo, Domenico},
	doi = {10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114584},
	journal-iso = {ENERG CONVERS MANAGE},
	journal = {ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT},
	volume = {245},
	unique-id = {32408540},
	issn = {0196-8904},
	abstract = {The continuous rise of global electricity demand and significant dependency on fossil fuel-based centralised power plants are the main indicators of increasing greenhouse gas emissions, thus negatively affecting climate change and human health and increasing the earth temperatures. This alarming situation has demanded the transition to 100 % renewable energy to decarbonise energy use. However, the fluctuating weather resources, and high investment cost are the major challenges with renewable energy implementation. In this context, the combined integration of multiple sources with energy storage in a so-called hybrid renewable energy system was developed as a durable remedy for the previous issues. This paper proposes a joint and conceptual approach for techno-economic design and dynamic rule-based power control of an off-grid solar/wind hybrid renewable energy system integrated with a hybrid energy storage system that comprises a lithium-ion battery, lead-acid battery, and a supercapacitor. Such concurrent integration of 100 % renewable energy systems and hybrid energy storage systems is lacking in the existing literature. First, with the aid of HOMER software, the feasibility and optimisation analysis of nine different configurations was performed in 1 min resolution to find the optimal component sizes. Second, MATLAB/Simulink models were assembled for the winning design based on a dynamic rule-based strategy to investigate and analyse the system's dynamic response, power equilibrium, DC-bus voltage supervision and load voltage/frequency control against instantaneous and dynamic changes in the load or renewable energy resources. The proposed approach was promoted and validated on an actual case study for isolated residential community electrification in Saudi Arabia, in which a multi-tier framework was adopted to accurately simulate the stochastic energy consumption of the community's households. From the design results, the hybrid renewable energy system, which integrates solar, wind, lead-acid batteries, and converter with optimal capacities of 55 kW, 18 kW, 325 kWh and 42 kW converter, respectively, is the most cost-effective alternative with the minimum net present and energy costs of $232,423.3 and $0.3458/kWh, respectively. The system has the least unmet load with 13.5 kWh/years (0.02 %), thus ensuring maximum reliability and customer satisfaction. Meanwhile, the developed control strategy efficiently improved the dynamic response, the DC-bus voltage stability, and the load voltage/frequency during different climatological and load interruptions. Further, the use of lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors has effectively diminished the maximum overshoot of the DC-bus and load voltages by 50 % during all disturbances. In addition, the integration of supercapacitors proficiently saved 2.3-6 kW during wind speed change and 2-9 kW during simultaneous changes in the radiation and load. Overall, the presented method, together with the reported results, provides an improved understanding and highlights the extent to which the successful integration of hybrid renewable energy system and hybrid energy storage system can be used to develop reliable and sustainable energy access for off-grid areas.},
	keywords = {Power control; BATTERY; Supercapacitor; Hybrid renewable energy system; multi-tier framework; Techno-economic design},
	year = {2021},
	eissn = {1879-2227},
	orcid-numbers = {Mazzeo, Domenico/0000-0001-7253-2506}
}

@article{MTMT:32408104,
	title = {Multi-criteria decision-making model for optimal planning of on/off grid hybrid solar, wind, hydro, biomass clean electricity supply},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32408104},
	author = {Ullah, Zia and Elkadeem, M. R. and Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Taha, Ibrahim B. M. and Wang, Shaorong},
	doi = {10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.063},
	journal-iso = {RENEW ENERGY},
	journal = {RENEWABLE ENERGY},
	volume = {179},
	unique-id = {32408104},
	issn = {0960-1481},
	abstract = {Worldwide, the emerging trend of hybrid renewable energy sources integration in modern power systems is increasing due to privileged prices and clean electricity supply. However, the optimal planning of rural hybrid systems is a challenging and complex task, especially when different alternatives and sustainability aspects are considered. This paper develops an integrated decision-making approach for the optimal planning of a 100% renewable energy supply system comprising solar, wind, hydro, and biomass sources in a rural area located in Pakistan. An hourly-based design optimization analysis of twelve on/off-grid electrification alternatives is performed. The optimization model simultaneously addresses five sustainability criteria related to economy, reliability, ecology, society, and topography aspects. Furthermore, a novel hybrid decision-making model has developed to identify the unique best configuration with on-grid and off-grid options. The proposed model combines fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, multi-objective optimization based on ratio analysis technique for order of preference by similarity to an ideal solution, and evaluation based on distance from average solution methods. The results reveal that the solar-hydro-biomass battery with a life cycle cost of 10.9 M$ is the top-ranking off-grid system. When the hybrid system is connected to the grid, the solar-hydro-battery has found the most appropriate design with a life cycle cost of 12.96 M$. Both scenarios have a negligible capacity shortage of 0.09%. Ecologically, the optimal off-grid system produces only 408.37 kg/yr of CO2 due to the significant energy share of solar and hydro sources (99.3%). The optimal on-grid system produced the minimum CO2 with 29,177.89 kg/yr compared to other alternatives. Also, employing the optimal on/off-grid designs require land area and jobs of 96.6 m(2), 14 jobs, and 118 m(2), 15 jobs, respectively. Overall, the developed approach with the presented case study offers a valuable benchmark and guidelines for investors and stakeholders to create realistic investment plans for the energy industry looking to push efficient inducements to encourage the high dissemination of renewables. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
	keywords = {Multi-criteria decision-making; feasibility analysis; 100% renewable energy; optimal planning; Hybrid clean electricity supply; Ruralelectrification},
	year = {2021},
	eissn = {1879-0682},
	pages = {885-910}
}

@article{MTMT:31923429,
	title = {A fuzzy decision-making model for optimal design of solar, wind, diesel-based RO desalination integrating flow-battery and pumped-hydro storage: Case study in Baltim, Egypt},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31923429},
	author = {Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Elkadeem, M.R. and Khalil, Ahmed and Imam, Sherif M. and Hamada, Mohamed A. and Sharshir, Swellam W. and Dán, András},
	doi = {10.1016/j.enconman.2021.113962},
	journal-iso = {ENERG CONVERS MANAGE},
	journal = {ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT},
	volume = {235},
	unique-id = {31923429},
	issn = {0196-8904},
	year = {2021},
	eissn = {1879-2227},
	orcid-numbers = {Khalil, Ahmed/0000-0002-9864-0529}
}

@article{MTMT:31923415,
	title = {Feasibility analysis and optimization of an energy-water-heat nexus supplied by an autonomous hybrid renewable power generation system: An empirical study on airport facilities},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31923415},
	author = {Elkadeem, M.R. and Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Elmaadawy, Khaled and Ullah, Zia and Elmolla, Emad and Liu, Bingchuan and Wang, Shaorong and Dán, András and Sharshir, Swellam W.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.desal.2021.114952},
	journal-iso = {DESALINATION},
	journal = {DESALINATION},
	volume = {504},
	unique-id = {31923415},
	issn = {0011-9164},
	year = {2021},
	eissn = {1873-4464}
}

@article{MTMT:31923385,
	title = {A two-stage multi-attribute analysis method for city-integrated hybrid mini-grid design},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31923385},
	author = {Elkadeem, M.R. and Kotb Baldam, Kotb Mohamed and Ullah, Zia and Atiya, Eman G. and Dán, András and Wang, Shaorong},
	doi = {10.1016/j.scs.2020.102603},
	journal-iso = {SUSTAIN CITIES SOC},
	journal = {SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY},
	volume = {65},
	unique-id = {31923385},
	issn = {2210-6707},
	year = {2021},
	eissn = {2210-6715},
	orcid-numbers = {Ullah, Zia/0000-0002-1466-3564}
}