TY - JOUR AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Lehoczki, Andrea Marianna AU - Major, Dávid AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Csizmadia, Zoltán AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - Exploring the Influence of Gut–Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics JF - NUTRIENTS J2 - NUTRIENTS VL - 16 PY - 2024 IS - 6 PG - 22 SN - 2072-6643 DO - 10.3390/nu16060789 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34730261 ID - 34730261 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: National Research, Development and Innovation Fund Funding text: No Statement Available AB - Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being. The bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis is essential for maintaining homeostasis, with pre-, pro-, and symbiotics potentially affecting various cognitive functions such as attention, perception, and memory. Numerous studies have consistently shown that incorporating pre-, pro-, and symbiotics into a healthy diet can lead to improvements in cognitive functions and mood. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota can support optimal cognitive function, which is crucial for disease prevention in our fast-paced, Westernized society. Our results indicate cognitive benefits in healthy older individuals with probiotic supplementation but not in healthy older individuals who have good and adequate levels of physical activity. Additionally, it appears that there are cognitive benefits in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease, while mixed results seem to arise in younger and healthier individuals. However, it is important to acknowledge that individual responses may vary, and the use of these dietary supplements should be tailored to each individual’s unique health circumstances and needs. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Madarász, Bálint AU - Csizmadia, Zoltán AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - Role of Food in QoL of COPD Patients CY - DOI: 10.3390/nu15183902 PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34482535 ID - 34482535 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Lehoczki, Andrea Marianna AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Csizmadia, Zoltán AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging CY - DOI: 10.3390/nu15245116 PY - 2024 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34482529 ID - 34482529 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mukli, Péter AU - Pinto, Camila B AU - Owens, Cameron D AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Lipécz, Ágnes AU - Szarvas, Zsófia AU - Péterfi, Anna AU - Langley, Ana Clara da Costa Pinaffi AU - Hoffmeister, Jordan AU - Rácz, Frigyes Sámuel AU - Perry, Jonathan W AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Nyúl-Tóth, Ádám AU - Sorond, Farzaneh A AU - Yang, Yuan AU - James, Judith A AU - Kirkpatrick, Angelia C AU - Prodan, Calin I AU - Tóth, Péter József AU - Galindo, Juliette AU - Gardner, Andrew W AU - Sonntag, William E AU - Csiszar, Anna AU - Ungvári, Zoltán István AU - Yabluchanskiy, Andriy TI - Impaired Neurovascular Coupling and Increased Functional Connectivity in the Frontal Cortex Predict Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction JF - ADVANCED SCIENCE J2 - ADV SCI VL - 11 PY - 2024 IS - 10 PG - 18 SN - 2198-3844 DO - 10.1002/advs.202303516 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34477401 ID - 34477401 AB - Impaired cerebrovascular function contributes to the genesis of age-related cognitive decline. In this study, the hypothesis is tested that impairments in neurovascular coupling (NVC) responses and brain network function predict cognitive dysfunction in older adults. Cerebromicrovascular and working memory function of healthy young (n = 21, 33.2±7.0 years) and aged (n = 30, 75.9±6.9 years) participants are assessed. To determine NVC responses and functional connectivity (FC) during a working memory (n-back) paradigm, oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin concentration changes from the frontal cortex using functional near-infrared spectroscopy are recorded. NVC responses are significantly impaired during the 2-back task in aged participants, while the frontal networks are characterized by higher local and global connection strength, and dynamic FC (p < 0.05). Both impaired NVC and increased FC correlate with age-related decline in accuracy during the 2-back task. These findings suggest that task-related brain states in older adults require stronger functional connections to compensate for the attenuated NVC responses associated with working memory load. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Ungvári, Zoltán István AU - Tabák, Ádám AU - Ádány, Róza AU - Purebl, György AU - Kaposvári, Csilla AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Szarvas, Zsófia AU - Horváth, Krisztián AU - Mukli, Péter AU - Balog, Piroska AU - Bódizs, Róbert AU - Ujma, Przemyslaw Péter AU - Stauder, Adrienne AU - Belsky, Daniel W. AU - Kovács, Illés AU - Yabluchanskiy, Andriy AU - Maier, Andrea B. AU - Moizs, Mariann AU - Östlin, Piroska AU - Yon, Yongjie AU - Varga, Péter AU - Vokó, Zoltán AU - Papp, Magor Csongor AU - Takács, István AU - Vásárhelyi, Barna AU - Torzsa, Péter AU - Ferdinandy, Péter AU - Csiszar, Anna AU - Benyó, Zoltán AU - Szabó, Attila AU - Bednárikné Dörnyei, Gabriella AU - Kivimäki, Mika AU - Kellermayer, Miklós AU - Merkely, Béla Péter TI - The Semmelweis Study: a longitudinal occupational cohort study within the framework of the Semmelweis Caring University Model Program for supporting healthy aging JF - GEROSCIENCE: OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN AGING ASSOCIATION (AGE) J2 - GEROSCIENCE VL - 46 PY - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 191 EP - 218 PG - 28 SN - 2509-2715 DO - 10.1007/s11357-023-01018-7 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34425939 ID - 34425939 N1 - International Training Program in Geroscience/Healthy Aging Program, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States Department of Health Promotion Sciences, The Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary UCL Brain Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary HUN-REN-UD Public Health Research Group, Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Robert N. Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY, United States Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands Ministry of Interior of Hungary, Budapest, Hungary WHO Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark Clinical Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Center for Health Technology Assessment, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary HUN-REN-SU Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Diseases Research Group, Budapest, Hungary First Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary HUN-REN-SU Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Cited By :1 Export Date: 29 February 2024 Correspondence Address: Ungvari, Z.; International Training Program in Geroscience/Healthy Aging Program, Hungary; email: Zoltan-Ungvari@ouhsc.edu Correspondence Address: Adany, R.; International Training Program in Geroscience/Healthy Aging Program, Hungary AB - The Semmelweis Study is a prospective occupational cohort study that seeks to enroll all employees of Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary) aged 25 years and older, with a population of 8866 people, 70.5% of whom are women. The study builds on the successful experiences of the Whitehall II study and aims to investigate the complex relationships between lifestyle, environmental, and occupational risk factors, and the development and progression of chronic age-associated diseases. An important goal of the Semmelweis Study is to identify groups of people who are aging unsuccessfully and therefore have an increased risk of developing age-associated diseases. To achieve this, the study takes a multidisciplinary approach, collecting economic, social, psychological, cognitive, health, and biological data. The Semmelweis Study comprises a baseline data collection with open healthcare data linkage, followed by repeated data collection waves every 5 years. Data are collected through computer-assisted self-completed questionnaires, followed by a physical health examination, physiological measurements, and the assessment of biomarkers. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the Semmelweis Study, including its origin, context, objectives, design, relevance, and expected contributions. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Lehoczki, Andrea Marianna AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Csizmadia, Zoltán AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - Improving Cognitive Function with Nutritional Supplements in Aging: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Clinical Studies Investigating the Effects of Vitamins, Minerals, Antioxidants, and Other Dietary Supplements JF - NUTRIENTS J2 - NUTRIENTS VL - 15 PY - 2023 IS - 24 PG - 32 SN - 2072-6643 DO - 10.3390/nu15245116 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34437044 ID - 34437044 N1 - Export Date: 13 January 2024 Correspondence Address: Varga, J.T.; Department of Pulmonology, Hungary; email: varga.janos_tamas@med.semmelweis-univ.hu LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Madarász, Bálint AU - Csizmadia, Zoltán AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - The Possible Role of Food and Diet in the Quality of Life in Patients with COPD. A State-of-the-Art Review TS - A State-of-the-Art Review JF - NUTRIENTS J2 - NUTRIENTS VL - 15 PY - 2023 IS - 18 PG - 20 SN - 2072-6643 DO - 10.3390/nu15183902 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34131589 ID - 34131589 N1 - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, 7621, Hungary Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Peggy and Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary Export Date: 29 October 2023 Correspondence Address: Varga, J.T.; Department of Pulmonology, Hungary; email: varga.janos_tamas@med.semmelweis-univ.hu Funding details: 1P20GM125528-01A1, ÚNKP-23-4-I Funding details: T32AG052363 Funding details: RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003 Funding details: National Institute on Aging, NIA, K01AG073614, R03AG070479 Funding details: American Heart Association, AHA, CDA941290 Funding details: Nemzeti Kutatási, Fejlesztési és Innovaciós Alap, NKFIA, TKP2021-NKTA Funding text 1: Project No. TKP2021-NKTA-47 was funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund under TKP2021-NKTA, with the support from the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary. The project was funded by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology under the National Cardiovascular Laboratory Program (RRF-2.3.1-21-2022-00003) from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. This work was also supported by the European University for Well-Being (EUniWell) program (grant agreement number: 101004093/EUniWell/EAC-A02-2019/EAC-A02-2019-1), the National Institute on Aging (NIA R03AG070479, NIA K01AG073614), the American Heart Association (AHA CDA941290), the NIA-supported Geroscience Training Program in Oklahoma (T32AG052363), the NIA-supported Oklahoma Nathan Shock Center, and the NIGMS-supported Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (CoBRE) (1P20GM125528-01A1). M.F. was supported by the ÚNKP-23-4-I new national excellence program of the ministry for innovation and technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund. The funding sources had no role in the study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data; in the writing of the report; nor in the decision to submit the article for publication. AB - Diet has been described as a modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of chronic diseases, and emerging evidence increasingly points to its preventive and therapeutic role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the relationship between the underlying disease and diet is natural in conditions such as metabolic disorders, obesity, diabetes, etc., the direct effect is not so evident in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Poor diet quality and the development of nutrient deficiencies in respiratory diseases, including COPD, can be associated with disease-specific factors such as the exacerbation of respiratory symptoms. These symptoms can be improved by dietary interventions, leading to positive changes in the pathogenesis of the disease and the quality of life of patients. Therefore, our aim was to review the latest randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary interventions in chronic respiratory patients and describe their effects on respiratory function, physical activity, systemic inflammatory parameters, and quality of life. We conducted a literature search on dietary interventions for COPD patients in the PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, focusing on publications from 1 July 2018 to 1 July 2023. We used specific keywords and MESH terms, focusing on RCTs. A total of 26 articles and 1811 COPD patients were included in this review. On the basis of our findings, dietary interventions, in particular components of the Mediterranean diet such as protein, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and vegetables, appear to have beneficial effects in patients with chronic respiratory diseases, and their application is beneficial. However, long-term follow-up studies are still needed to examine the effects of dietary interventions in this patient population. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Stang, Rita AU - Pál, Hanga AU - Csányi, Borbála AU - Gaál, Anna AU - Mihály, Zsuzsanna AU - Czinege, Zsófia AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Ungvári, Zoltán István AU - Sótonyi, Péter AU - Varga, Andrea AU - Horváth, Tamás AU - Bereczki, Dániel AU - Koller, Ákos AU - Debreczeni, Róbert TI - Assessment of cerebral autoregulatory function and inter-hemispheric blood flow in older adults with internal carotid artery stenosis using transcranial Doppler sonography-based measurement of transient hyperemic response after carotid artery compression JF - GEROSCIENCE: OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN AGING ASSOCIATION (AGE) J2 - GEROSCIENCE VL - 45 PY - 2023 IS - 6 SP - 3333 EP - 3357 PG - 25 SN - 2509-2715 DO - 10.1007/s11357-023-00896-1 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34106961 ID - 34106961 N1 - Department of Neurology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Neurodegeneration Program, Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 731042, United States International Training Program in Geroscience, Doctoral School of Basic and Translational Medicine/Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Research Center for Sport Physiology, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Budapest, Hungary Department of Morphology & Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, and Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, and ELKH-SE, Cerebrovascular and Neurocognitive Disorders Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States Cited By :1 Export Date: 21 December 2023 Correspondence Address: Magyar-Stang, R.; János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Hungary; email: stang.rita@semmelweis.hu Tradenames: Colin-BP508, Hayashi, Japan; DWL Multi-Dop T2, DWL, Germany; Multi-Dop T2, DWL, Germany Manufacturers: DWL, Germany; Hayashi, Japan AB - Unhealthy vascular aging promotes atherogenesis, which may lead to significant internal carotid artery stenosis (CAS) in 5 to 7.5% of older adults. The pathogenic factors that promote accelerated vascular aging and CAS also affect the downstream portion of the cerebral microcirculation in these patients. Primary treatments of significant CAS are eversion endarterectomy or endarterectomy with patch plasty. Factors that determine adequate hemodynamic compensation and thereby the clinical consequences of CAS as well as medical and surgical complications of carotid reconstruction surgery likely involve the anatomy of the circle of Willis (CoW), the magnitude of compensatory inter-hemispheric blood flow, and the effectiveness of cerebral microcirculatory blood flow autoregulation. This study aimed to test two hypotheses based on this theory. First, we hypothesized that patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic CAS would exhibit differences in autoregulatory function and inter-hemispheric blood flow. Second, we predicted that anatomically compromised CoW would associate with impaired inter-hemispheric blood flow compensation. We enrolled older adults with symptomatic or asymptomatic internal CAS (>70% NASCET criteria; n = 46) and assessed CoW integrity by CT angiography. We evaluated transient hyperemic responses in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) after common carotid artery compression (CCC; 10 s) by transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD). We compared parameters reflecting autoregulatory function (e.g., transient hyperemic response ratio [THRR], return to baseline time [RTB], changes of vascular resistance) and inter-hemispheric blood flow (residual blood flow velocity). Our findings revealed that CAS was associated with impaired cerebral vascular reactivity. However, we did not observe significant differences in autoregulatory function or inter-hemispheric blood flow between patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic CAS. Moreover, anatomically compromised CoW did not significantly affect these parameters. Notably, we observed an inverse correlation between RTB and THRR, and 49% of CAS patients exhibited a delayed THRR, which associated with decreased inter-hemispheric blood flow. Future studies should investigate how TCD-based evaluation of autoregulatory function and inter-hemispheric blood flow can be used to optimize surgical techniques and patient selection for internal carotid artery revascularization. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Fehér, Ágnes AU - Szarvas, Zsófia AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - Egészségesen öregedni. táplálkozási stratégia az idősödő korosztály jellemző betegségeinek figyelembevételével TS - táplálkozási stratégia az idősödő korosztály jellemző betegségeinek figyelembevételével JF - ÚJ DIÉTA: A MAGYAR DIETETIKUSOK LAPJA (2001-) J2 - ÚJ DIÉTA (GYŐR) (2001) VL - 32 PY - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 19 EP - 22 PG - 4 SN - 1587-169X UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34038447 ID - 34038447 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Fekete, Mónika AU - Csípő, Tamás AU - Fazekas-Pongor, Vince AU - Fehér, Ágnes AU - Szarvas, Zsófia AU - Kaposvári, Csilla AU - Horváth, Krisztián AU - Lehoczki, Andrea Marianna AU - Tarantini, Stefano AU - Varga, János Tamás TI - The Effectiveness of Supplementation with Key Vitamins, Minerals, Antioxidants and Specific Nutritional Supplements in COPD—A Review JF - NUTRIENTS J2 - NUTRIENTS VL - 15 PY - 2023 IS - 12 PG - 21 SN - 2072-6643 DO - 10.3390/nu15122741 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34016099 ID - 34016099 N1 - Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1089, Hungary Department of Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, National Institute for Haematology and Infectious Diseases, South Pest Central Hospital, Budapest, 1097, Hungary Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Department of Health Promotion Sciences, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Peggy and Charles Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, 1083, Hungary Export Date: 17 July 2023 Correspondence Address: Varga, J.T.; Department of Pulmonology, Hungary; email: varga.janos_tamas@med.semmelweis-univ.hu AB - Currently, an increasing amount of evidence supports the notion that vitamins C, D and E, carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids may protect against the progression of chronic respiratory diseases. Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) primarily affects the lung, it is often accompanied by extrapulmonary manifestations such as weight loss and malnutrition, skeletal muscle dysfunction, and an excess of harmful oxidants, which can lead to a decline in quality of life and possible death. Recently, the role of various vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants in mitigating the effects of environmental pollution and smoking has received significant attention. Therefore, this review evaluates the most relevant and up-to-date evidence on this topic. We conducted a literature review between 15 May 2018 and 15 May 2023, using the electronic database PubMed. Our search keywords included COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1, supplementation: vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin B, omega-3, minerals, antioxidants, specific nutrient supplementations, clinical trials, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We focused on studies that measured the serum levels of vitamins, as these are a more objective measure than patient self-reports. Our findings suggest that the role of appropriate dietary supplements needs to be reconsidered for individuals who are predisposed to or at risk of these conditions. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -