TY - JOUR AU - Chalgynbayeva, Aidana AU - Balogh, Péter AU - Szőllősi, László AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Apáti, Ferenc AU - Sipos, Marianna AU - Bai, Attila TI - The Economic Potential of Agrivoltaic Systems in Apple Cultivation—A Hungarian Case Study JF - SUSTAINABILITY J2 - SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL VL - 16 PY - 2024 IS - 6 SN - 2071-1050 DO - 10.3390/su16062325 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34733055 ID - 34733055 AB - Agrivoltaic systems (AVS) allow the simultaneous use of land—as a limited resource—for crop production and electricity generation. This paper introduces the development prospects of AVS in Hungary with insights into international trends. The most important part is a complex economic analysis and a unit cost analysis of a 38 MWp capacity AVS, considering the most typical basic data in electricity and apple production. The applied risk analysis is based on a Monte Carlo simulation, the distribution function, and probabilities. To introduce the economic facet of the competitiveness of AVS, a comparative analysis was carried out between AVS, ground-mounted photovoltaic (GM-PV) systems, and conventional apple production systems (ConAPS). In the most probable scenario, the AVS was financially attractive (NPV = 70 million EUR under 30 years). Our correlation analysis shows that feed-in tariff (FIT) price and the role of financing are considered the dominant economic factors. A favorable FIT price enhances the profitability of AVS; however, it makes GM-PV systems more profitable compared to AVS, so it negatively affects the competitiveness of AVS systems. AVS operations result in a more balanced unit cost of apples and of electricity compared to the independent operation of GM-PV systems and of ConAPS; in addition, it allows for land saving and more intensive land use. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Igbeghe, Christian Barika AU - Nagy, Adrián Szilárd AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Bai, Attila TI - Exploring Biomass Linkages in the Food and Energy Market - A Systematic Review JF - ENERGIES J2 - ENERGIES VL - 17 PY - 2024 IS - 3 SN - 1996-1073 DO - 10.3390/en17030563 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34528217 ID - 34528217 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Bai, Attila AU - Balogh, Péter AU - Nagy, Adrián Szilárd AU - Csedő, Zoltán AU - Sinóros-Szabó, Botond AU - Pintér, Gábor AU - Prajapati, Sanjeev Kumar AU - Singh, Amit AU - Gabnai, Zoltán TI - Economic Evaluation of a 1 MWel Capacity Power-to-Biomethane System JF - ENERGIES J2 - ENERGIES VL - 16 PY - 2023 IS - 24 PG - 27 SN - 1996-1073 DO - 10.3390/en16248009 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34429968 ID - 34429968 AB - Power-to-biomethane (bio-P2M) is a novel technology that combines the long-term storage of periodically available renewable energy sources (RES) and the upgrading of biogas. This article introduces a complex economic analysis of a 1 megawatt electric (MWel) capacity bio-P2M system based on economic characteristics considered to be typical in practice. The evaluation includes an investment analysis to present the basic scenario, a sensitivity analysis and a unit cost calculation to show the economic viability, the cost structure and the possible reserves of the synthetic natural gas (SNG) as a final output. The risk analysis is executed using Monte Carlo simulation, and the final results are the mean and standard deviation of the outputs, distribution functions and probabilities. Our results show that a significant state subsidy would be needed to boost competitiveness either in terms of investment costs (44% in our calculation) or in technology development to improve technological effectiveness. Another important competitiveness issue is the full utilization of the plant and the lowest possible price for the electricity used. If both cannot be optimized at the same time, then the first one is more important. Natural gas prices and the full utilization of waste heat might result in smaller changes. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Sertolli, Ardit AU - Bai, Attila AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Mizik, Tamás AU - Pestisha, Albiona TI - Theoretical and Energy Biomass Potential of Heat and Electricity Production in Kosovo JF - ENERGIES J2 - ENERGIES VL - 16 PY - 2023 IS - 20 PG - 23 SN - 1996-1073 DO - 10.3390/en16207209 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34215121 ID - 34215121 AB - The energy use of residues from agriculture, forestry, and solid waste can foster the transition towards a more renewable energy supply. This paper analyzes the energy potential of the above-mentioned sources for energy applications in Kosovo. The analysis is based on statistical data from different studies and reports, analyzing and calculating them to determine the theoretical and energy biomass potential. Kosovo can increase its self-sufficiency by taking advantage of its rich but under-utilized potential of biomass energy sources. This is a novelty study in this area, considering Kosovo lignite-dominated heat energy and electricity consumption and the available special literature. According to our estimates, the theoretical potential is 6.13 million tons/year, while the biomass energy potential should be around 4.57 million tons/year, including approximately 74.6% of biomass, which can be used for energy needs (heating and electricity). Based on the data and calculations, the available and usable potential shows biomass as an energy source with high potential in Kosovo; its share is very low, but it is reasonable to grow for both environmental and economic reasons. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Horváth, Gábor AU - Bai, Attila AU - Szegedi, Sándor AU - Lázár, István AU - Máthé, Csongor AU - Huzsvai, László AU - Zakar, Máté AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Tóth, Tamás TI - A Comprehensive Review of the Distinctive Tendencies of the Diffusion of E-Mobility in Central Europe JF - ENERGIES J2 - ENERGIES VL - 16 PY - 2023 IS - 14 EP - 2 PG - 29 SN - 1996-1073 DO - 10.3390/en16145421 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34071551 ID - 34071551 AB - The study introduces the current situation of electric vehicle technologies, the possibilities and possible directions of their market, as well as the economic and environmental aspects in the eastern region of the EU, with special regard to Hungary. Our calculations show that despite the higher costs of ownership, in the case of 7 years of use (among Hungarian conditions), the total cost of the Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) is lower than that of the Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEV) in each of the four segments analysed. The purchasing power of the population in the eastern regions of the EU is clearly lower compared to the western regions, yet people in this region spend beyond their financial means on motorization. Despite its unfavourable position, Hungary is in a particularly advantageous position compared to other countries in the region per vehicle and per capita in terms of the spread of BEVs. In the long run, even taking higher prices into account, the use of electric cars, in general, has significant advantages from an economic point of view; lower maintenance costs and fuel prices (especially with increased use) make EVs more cost-effective overall. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Singh, Amit AU - Anand, Vishal AU - Bai, Attila AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Prajapati, Sanjeev Kumar TI - Waste Algae for Bioenergy Generation to Mitigate Eutrophication and Greenhouse Emissions in Water Bodies JF - PERIODICA POLYTECHNICA-CHEMICAL ENGINEERING J2 - PERIOD POLYTECH CHEM ENG VL - 67 PY - 2023 SP - 1 EP - 12 PG - 12 SN - 0324-5853 DO - 10.3311/PPch.22005 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33989837 ID - 33989837 AB - Eutrophication has a significant negative impact on the ecosystem since it depletes the planet's biological resources and is further responsible for climate change. It is caused by both endogenous and exogenous nutrient enrichment. This phenomenon degrades the water quality and simultaneously increases the greenhouse gases emission from waterbodies resulting in climate change Inland waterbodies contain enormous amounts of nutrients such as phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon. Thus, it becomes essential to restore these nutrients using proper sustainable approaches. Algae-based technologies have received a lot of attention these days because of environmentally friendly and inexpensive treatment. About 70% of the nutrient load from wastewater can be removed using such technology. The recovered algal biomass after wastewater treatment contains various biomolecules which can be used for the producing of value-added products such as bioenergy in the form of biomethane and biodiesel, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals along with the synthesis of nanoparticles. Therefore, the primary goal of this review is to inform readers about the possibilities of a low-cost integrated biorefinery based on microalgae for resource recovery and to mitigate eutrophication and greenhouse gas emission from water bodies. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Németh, Kornél AU - Bai, Attila AU - Dobozi, Eszter Judit AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Péter, Erzsébet TI - Körforgásos gazdasági modell alapú városkoncepció, különös tekintettel a kis- és középvárosokra JF - TÉR ÉS TÁRSADALOM J2 - TÉR ÉS TÁRSADALOM VL - 37 PY - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 62 EP - 81 PG - 20 SN - 0237-7683 DO - 10.17649/TET.37.2.3445 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33919980 ID - 33919980 AB - A városoknak nemcsak a lakossága, hanem a környezetvédelemben és energiagazdálkodásban játszott szerepe is évről évre nő. Ez a tendencia Magyarországra fokozottan igaz, az urbanizációban élő népesség globális átlagot nagymértékben meghaladó aránya miatt. Jogi szempontból a fenntarthatóság terén a helyi önkormányzatok jelenleg önálló hatáskörrel alig rendelkeznek, többnyire csak indirekt módon képesek befolyásolni ezen folyamatokat. A cikkünkben elemzett kis- és középvárosok helyzete több szempontból különbözik a nagyvárosoktól: a fenntarthatósági problémák kisebbek, viszont kezelésükre kevesebb forrás áll rendelkezésre és a körkörös gazdálkodásról meglévő ismeretek is többnyire hiányosabbak.Tanulmányunkban az urbanizációval, a kis- és középvárosok jellemzőivel, a bennük alkalmazható körforgásos gazdasági lehetőségekkel foglalkozunk, röviden bemutatunk néhány jó gyakorlatot és saját kutatásaink alapján a körforgásos gazdaság helyi kialakításához szükséges beavatkozások típusait, szintjeit, pilléreit, sorrendiségét, valamint alapelemeit. Ezek megfelelő szintű és egymásra épülő alkalmazása úgy véljük, hogy lehetővé teszi előbb a körforgásos gazdálkodás megalapozását, ezt követően a kialakított rendszer fenntartását, végül a település lakóinak, vállalkozásainak, esetleg külső szereplők támogatását is. LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Igbeghe, Christian Barika AU - Mizik, Tamás AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Bai, Attila TI - Trends and Characterization of Primary Energy Sources by Energy and Food Prices JF - ENERGIES J2 - ENERGIES VL - 16 PY - 2023 IS - 7 PG - 18 SN - 1996-1073 DO - 10.3390/en16073066 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33720862 ID - 33720862 AB - This study introduces the most important energy trends and global food systems, as well as the relationship between the human development index (HDI) and energy supply and the relationship between energy prices and food prices. Based on seven important indicators as variables in 18 relevant countries worldwide, before and after the pandemic, with the help of cluster analysis and comparative analysis, five different primary energy clusters were created and analyzed. Our results prove the high volatility of the composition of these clusters within a short period. Another important finding is that renewable energy sources (RES) are probably not viable options for the largest (developed and developing) countries in the short term. The human development index and food production per capita are the lowest in the renewable energy cluster and the highest in countries dominated by nuclear energy and oil with typically the highest GDP, since they are able to finance the price hike in both food and energy markets. Generally, it can be stated that although there is a relationship between the measured indicators, it is not constant in all cases. Our results and methodology may be a good basis for further research to examine the relationship between the most important relevant indicators in different countries, as well as the effect of a global crisis on strengthening food and energy security. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Pintér, Gábor AU - Balogh, Péter TI - Special Issue on “The Process and Modelling of Renewable Energy Sources” JF - PROCESSES J2 - PROCESSES VL - 11 PY - 2023 IS - 2 PG - 4 SN - 2227-9717 DO - 10.3390/pr11020565 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33640960 ID - 33640960 AB - The worldwide use of renewable energy sources has been growing significantly year by year, accompanied by continuous technological development [...] LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Chalgynbayeva, Aidana AU - Gabnai, Zoltán AU - Lengyel, Péter AU - Pestisha, Albiona AU - Bai, Attila TI - Worldwide Research Trends in Agrivoltaic Systems—A Bibliometric Review JF - ENERGIES J2 - ENERGIES VL - 16 PY - 2023 IS - 2 PG - 25 SN - 1996-1073 DO - 10.3390/en16020611 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33573143 ID - 33573143 AB - An agrovoltaic system combines agricultural crop production and energy production in the same place, emphasizing the dual use of land. This article provides a bibliometric analysis of agrivoltaic topics based on publications indexed in SCOPUS, in which either economic assessments of agrivoltaics, agrivoltaic systems for crops and livestock animals, photovoltaic greenhouse and agrivoltaics with open field are discussed, or its ideas are used to analyze certain locations. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the SCOPUS database. Multiple bibliometric tools, such as R Studio and Biblioshiny, were applied to analyze data for this study. Finally, 121 relevant articles were obtained and reviewed. The results show that the focus topic is a brand-new research area, with the majority of relevant scientific publications concentrated in the last three years, and with much ongoing research. This is why AV-specialized scientific conferences might be the best place to get relevant and up-to-date information, with the highest number being offered in the USA and China. A typical trend in recent years has been researched, focusing on different agricultural aspects. The research results show that scientific publications in recent years mainly focus on short-term predictions, there is no recognized evaluation standard for various prediction analyses, and it is difficult to evaluate various prediction methods so far. LA - English DB - MTMT ER -