TY - JOUR AU - Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto AU - Rácz, Zsófia AU - Samu, Levente AU - Szeniczey, Tamás AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Knipper, Corina AU - Friedrich, Ronny AU - Zlámalová, Denisa AU - Traverso, Luca AU - Liccardo, Salvatore AU - Wabnitz, Sandra AU - Popli, Divyaratan AU - Wang, Ke AU - Radzeviciute, Rita AU - Gulyás, Bence AU - Koncz, István AU - Balogh, Csilla AU - Lezsák, Gabriella M. AU - Mácsai, Viktor AU - Bunbury, Magdalena M. E. AU - Spekker, Olga AU - le Roux, Petrus AU - Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna AU - Mende, Balázs Gusztáv AU - Colleran, Heidi AU - Hajdu, Tamás AU - Geary, Patrick AU - Pohl, Walter AU - Vida, Tivadar AU - Krause, Johannes AU - Hofmanová, Zuzana TI - Network of large pedigrees reveals social practices of Avar communities JF - NATURE J2 - NATURE PY - 2024 PG - 25 SN - 0028-0836 DO - 10.1038/s41586-024-07312-4 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34822257 ID - 34822257 AB - From ad 567–568, at the onset of the Avar period, populations from the Eurasian Steppe settled in the Carpathian Basin for approximately 250 years 1 . Extensive sampling for archaeogenomics (424 individuals) and isotopes, combined with archaeological, anthropological and historical contextualization of four Avar-period cemeteries, allowed for a detailed description of the genomic structure of these communities and their kinship and social practices. We present a set of large pedigrees, reconstructed using ancient DNA, spanning nine generations and comprising around 300 individuals. We uncover a strict patrilineal kinship system, in which patrilocality and female exogamy were the norm and multiple reproductive partnering and levirate unions were common. The absence of consanguinity indicates that this society maintained a detailed memory of ancestry over generations. These kinship practices correspond with previous evidence from historical sources and anthropological research on Eurasian Steppe societies 2 . Network analyses of identity-by-descent DNA connections suggest that social cohesion between communities was maintained via female exogamy. Finally, despite the absence of major ancestry shifts, the level of resolution of our analyses allowed us to detect genetic discontinuity caused by the replacement of a community at one of the sites. This was paralleled with changes in the archaeological record and was probably a result of local political realignment. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szenthe, Gergely Pál AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Gáll, Erwin TI - Chronological problems of the 7th–10th-century AD Carpathian Basin in light of radiocarbon data JF - DISSERTATIONES ARCHAEOLOGICAE J2 - DISSARCH VL - Ser. 3 PY - 2023 IS - 11 SP - 443 EP - 492 PG - 50 SN - 2064-4574 DO - 10.17204/dissarch.2023.443 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34756872 ID - 34756872 AB - The study presents the evaluation of a radiocarbon series, currently unparalleled in the research of the early medieval Carpathian Basin, which comprises data from the 7th to the 10th century AD. We provide a data set that, when combined with the radiocarbon data available in the related literature, covers the period in focus. The results of its analysis can be considered novel in several respects: 1) the radiocarbon data sequence and the relative chronological framework established for the Late Avar Period concord, 2) based on the radiocarbon sequence, the Middle Avar Period in certain large cemeteries (i.e., Tiszafüred-Majoros) started considerably earlier than it was assumed previously, based on ‘Middle Avar Period’ elite graves—and, interestingly, earlier even than the coin-dated ‘Middle Avar’ elite grave horizon, and 3) the data of the latest grave horizon in Avar cemeteries suggests a similar asynchronism between the related sites. The data set allows one to draw preliminary conclusions about the trends of the early medieval cultural and social transformations in the Carpathian Basin and outline ‘innovative’ groups which, by maintaining contacts with diverse regions outside the Carpathian Basin, played a central role in these processes. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Péntek, Attila AU - Faragó, Norbert TI - Obsidian-tipped Spears from the Admiralty Islands in the Oceania Collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Budapest JF - DISSERTATIONES ARCHAEOLOGICAE J2 - DISSARCH VL - Ser. 3 PY - 2023 IS - 11 SP - 5 EP - 32 PG - 28 SN - 2064-4574 DO - 10.17204/dissarch.2023.5 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34756750 ID - 34756750 AB - The authors studied 36 obsidian-tipped spears in the Oceania collection of the Museum of Ethnography in Budapest. In addition to describing the objects from the Admiralty Islands collected before 1897, the paper provides a summary of the related ethnographic information, including the technological and technical details of spear point making and the characterisation of the obsidian raw material used.The blades used for making the obsidian points presented in this study showed no sign of standardisation (an indicator of advanced blade technology) in the spear point-making process. According to 19th-century ethnographic sources, the functional part of the points was the most important, and much time and effort were invested in ensuring that the blades were effective weapons. Later, as a sign of decline, primary production of obsidian blades ceased, and manufacturers started scavenging old artefacts and utilising waste and by-products. As a result, the blades decreased in size and became more irregular, and an increasingly large number included parts of the cortex, the crust of obsidian. After 1911, the relative importance of decoration increased, and the type became more standardised.The irregular shape of the spear points presented in the study and the thin, weak shafts with an awkward curvature raise questions about whether the spears were actual weapons. At the same time, the artistic decoration of the mounting sockets and ethnographic parallels suggest that the pieces in the collection were likely status objects instead. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Siklósi, Zsuzsanna AU - Csippán, Péter AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Hegedűs, Zsuzsa AU - Solnay, Eszter AU - Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna AU - Szilágyi, Márton AU - Zafeiris, Anna ED - Stavila, A ED - Bogdan, C ED - Cirt, R TI - Individuals and communities, social networks and innovations in the Copper Age of the Carpathian Basin T2 - Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology UISPP 2023 PB - West University of Timisoara CY - Temesvár SN - 9786303270487 PY - 2023 SP - 245 PG - 1 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34580901 ID - 34580901 N1 - https://uispp2023.uvt.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Book-of-Abstracts_UISPP_copertat_compressed.pdf LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Füzesi, András AU - Hohle, Isabel AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Rassmann, Knut AU - Bánffy, Eszter AU - Raczky, Pál TI - On the ‘pseudo-ditch’ system of the Late Neolithic Öcsöd-Kováshalom settlement complex on the Great Hungarian Plain JF - DOCUMENTA PRAEHISTORICA J2 - DOCUMENTA PRAEHISTORICA VL - 50 PY - 2023 SP - 82 EP - 109 PG - 28 SN - 1408-967X DO - 10.4312/dp.50.23 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34471878 ID - 34471878 AB - The well-known Late Neolithic tell-like settlement of Öcsöd-Kováshalom on the Great Hungarian Plain gained a completely new context when a triple enclosure consisting of segments (hence the name ‘pseudo-ditch’) was discovered in 2018. Followed by two small excavation campaigns, this paper gives account of the construction stages, various digging and filling actions, of the chronology and of the structured deposits that marked the closing event of these long-lasting communal activities. A comparison with European Neolithic enclosures supports the interpretation on the diversity of the numerous ditch systems, and do not allow any generalizing views – it rather speaks for the freedom of local communities in their choices within their respective cultural frameworks. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Mester, Zsolt AU - Faragó, Norbert ED - Stavila, A ED - Bogdan, C ED - Cirt, R TI - Modelling the human–lithic resource interaction in northern Hungary during the Stone Age T2 - Interdisciplinarity in Archaeology UISPP 2023 PB - West University of Timisoara CY - Temesvár SN - 9786303270487 PY - 2023 SP - 127 PG - 1 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34396266 ID - 34396266 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Szenthe, Gergely AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Gáll, Erwin TI - V. A hortobágyi temető időrendje régészeti és természettudományos szempontból = Chronology of the Hortobágy cemetery : archaeological and scientific aspects T2 - Hortobágy-Árkus kora középkori temetője = The early medieval cemetery at Hortobágy-Árkus PB - Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum CY - Budapest SN - 9786155978517 T3 - Archaeologia Hungarica. Dissertationes archaeologicae Musei Nationalis Hungarici ; 52. PY - 2022 SP - 264 EP - 293 PG - 30 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33683200 ID - 33683200 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Mester, Zsolt AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Király, Attila TI - A kőnyersanyag-források és az őskori ember: Egy sokrétű viszony kutatása JF - ARCHAEOLOGIAI ÉRTESÍTŐ (BUDAPEST) J2 - ARCHAEOL ERT (BP) VL - 147 PY - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 201 EP - 225 PG - 25 SN - 0003-8032 DO - 10.1556/0208.2022.00035 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33681634 ID - 33681634 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Péntek, Attila AU - Ilon, Gábor TI - The Vámoscsalád‒Kavicsbánya Site (Vas County). Preliminary Results of the Evaluation of the Lithic Assemblage TS - Preliminary Results of the Evaluation of the Lithic Assemblage JF - DISSERTATIONES ARCHAEOLOGICAE J2 - DISSARCH VL - Ser. 3 PY - 2022 IS - 10 SP - 5 EP - 27 PG - 23 SN - 2064-4574 DO - 10.17204/dissarch.2022.5 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33669679 ID - 33669679 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Raczky, Pál AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Füzesi, András TI - A special find assemblage from the late Neolithic tell of Polgár-Csőszhalom: a contextual re-assessment T2 - Walking Among Ancient Trees PB - Muzeum Archeologiczne i Etnograficzne w Łodzi CY - Lódz SN - 9788394814090 PY - 2022 SP - 317 EP - 348 PG - 32 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33563327 ID - 33563327 LA - English DB - MTMT ER -