TY - JOUR AU - Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto AU - Rácz, Zsófia AU - Samu, Levente AU - Szeniczey, Tamás AU - Faragó, Norbert AU - Knipper, Corina AU - Friedrich, Ronny AU - Zlámalová, Denisa AU - Traverso, Luca AU - Liccardo, Salvatore AU - Wabnitz, Sandra AU - Popli, Divyaratan AU - Wang, Ke AU - Radzeviciute, Rita AU - Gulyás, Bence AU - Koncz, István AU - Balogh, Csilla AU - Lezsák, Gabriella M. AU - Mácsai, Viktor AU - Bunbury, Magdalena M. E. AU - Spekker, Olga AU - le Roux, Petrus AU - Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna AU - Mende, Balázs Gusztáv AU - Colleran, Heidi AU - Hajdu, Tamás AU - Geary, Patrick AU - Pohl, Walter AU - Vida, Tivadar AU - Krause, Johannes AU - Hofmanová, Zuzana TI - Network of large pedigrees reveals social practices of Avar communities JF - NATURE J2 - NATURE PY - 2024 PG - 25 SN - 0028-0836 DO - 10.1038/s41586-024-07312-4 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34822257 ID - 34822257 AB - From ad 567–568, at the onset of the Avar period, populations from the Eurasian Steppe settled in the Carpathian Basin for approximately 250 years 1 . Extensive sampling for archaeogenomics (424 individuals) and isotopes, combined with archaeological, anthropological and historical contextualization of four Avar-period cemeteries, allowed for a detailed description of the genomic structure of these communities and their kinship and social practices. We present a set of large pedigrees, reconstructed using ancient DNA, spanning nine generations and comprising around 300 individuals. We uncover a strict patrilineal kinship system, in which patrilocality and female exogamy were the norm and multiple reproductive partnering and levirate unions were common. The absence of consanguinity indicates that this society maintained a detailed memory of ancestry over generations. These kinship practices correspond with previous evidence from historical sources and anthropological research on Eurasian Steppe societies 2 . Network analyses of identity-by-descent DNA connections suggest that social cohesion between communities was maintained via female exogamy. Finally, despite the absence of major ancestry shifts, the level of resolution of our analyses allowed us to detect genetic discontinuity caused by the replacement of a community at one of the sites. This was paralleled with changes in the archaeological record and was probably a result of local political realignment. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spekker, Olga AU - Kiss P., Attila AU - Kis, Luca AU - Király, Kitty AU - Varga, Sándor AU - Marcsik, Antónia AU - Schütz, Oszkár AU - Török, Tibor AU - Hunt, David R. AU - Tihanyi, Balázs TI - White plague among the “forgotten people” from the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin–Cases with tuberculosis from the Sarmatian-period (3rd–4th centuries CE) archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely–Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Hungary) JF - PLOS ONE J2 - PLOS ONE VL - 19 PY - 2024 IS - 1 PG - 29 SN - 1932-6203 DO - 10.1371/journal.pone.0294762 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34498427 ID - 34498427 AB - Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that is well-known in the palaeopathological record because it can affect the skeleton and consequently leaves readily identifiable macroscopic alterations. Palaeopathological case studies provide invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of TB in the past. This is true for those archaeological periods and geographical regions from when and where no or very few TB cases have been published until now–as in the Sarmatian period (1 st –5 th centuries CE) in the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin. The aim of our paper is to discuss five newly discovered TB cases ( HK199 , HK201 , HK225 , HK253 , and HK309 ) from the Sarmatian-period archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely–Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Csongrád-Csanád county, Hungary). Detailed macromorphological evaluation of the skeletons focused on the detection of bony changes likely associated with different forms of TB. In all five cases, the presence of endocranial alterations (especially TB-specific granular impressions) suggests that these individuals suffered from TB meningitis. Furthermore, the skeletal lesions observed in the spine and both hip joints of HK225 indicate that this juvenile also had multifocal osteoarticular TB. Thanks to the discovery of HK199 , HK201 , HK225 , HK253 , and HK309 , the number of TB cases known from the Sarmatian-period Carpathian Basin doubled, implying that the disease was likely more frequent in the Barbaricum than previously thought. Without the application of granular impressions, the diagnosis of TB could not have been established in these five cases. Thus, the identification of TB in these individuals highlights the importance of diagnostics development, especially the refinement of diagnostic criteria. Based on the above, the systematic macromorphological (re-)evaluation of osteoarchaeological series from the Sarmatian-period Carpathian Basin would be advantageous to provide a more accurate picture of how TB may have impacted the ancestral human communities of the Barbaricum. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Madai, Ágota AU - Szalontai, Csaba AU - Spekker, Olga TI - Cases with tuberculosis from the Avar-period cemetery of Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár II (Csongrád-Csanád county, Hungary). T2 - The 4th Conference of the "Török Aurél" Anthropological Association PY - 2023 SP - 11 EP - 12 PG - 2 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34543135 ID - 34543135 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Madai, Ágota AU - Szalontai, Csaba AU - Spekker, Olga TI - Tuberkulózisos esetek Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár II. avar kori temető embertani szériájában T2 - II. Régészhallgatók Országos Konferenciája Absztraktfüzet PY - 2023 SP - 6 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34535219 ID - 34535219 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Váradi, Orsolya Anna AU - Marcsik, Antónia AU - Masson, Muriel AU - Molnár, Erika AU - Pap, Ildikó AU - Spekker, Olga AU - Szekeres, András AU - Pálfi, György TI - In gratitude for the collaborative partnership with David E. Minnikin JF - TUBERCULOSIS J2 - TUBERCULOSIS VL - 143 PY - 2023 PG - 3 SN - 1472-9792 DO - 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102364 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34398897 ID - 34398897 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Kiss, Krisztián AU - Bálint, Marianna AU - Gémes, Anett AU - Marcsik, Antónia AU - Dávid, Áron AU - Évinger, Sándor AU - Gróf, Péter AU - Gróh, Dániel AU - Gyenesei, Katalin AU - János, István AU - Kolozsi, Barbara AU - Kovács, Loránd Olivér AU - Mateovics-László, Orsolya AU - Libor, Csilla AU - Merczi, Mónika AU - Molnár, Erika AU - Németh, Csilla Emese AU - Pálfi, György AU - Perémi, Ágota AU - Rácz, Zsófia AU - Spekker, Olga AU - Szőke, Béla Miklós AU - Tóth, István Zsolt AU - Tóth, Zoltán AU - Hajdu, Tamás AU - Szeniczey, Tamás TI - More than one millennium (2nd-16th century CE) of the White Plague in the Carpathian Basin – New cases, expanding knowledge JF - TUBERCULOSIS J2 - TUBERCULOSIS VL - 143 PY - 2023 IS - Supplement PG - 7 SN - 1472-9792 DO - 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102387 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34398895 ID - 34398895 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Hungarian Scientific Research Fund [NN-128035, K-125561]; Arpad Dynasty program: The anthropological and genetic composition of the Arpad Age Hungarian population; Bolyai Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Foundation for Bolyai College; New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund; European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union [856453 ERC-2019-SyG] Funding text: The research was supported by Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (project no: NN-128035 and K-125561); by Arpad Dynasty program: The anthropological and genetic composition of the Arpad Age Hungarian population (V.1 subproject); by the Bolyai Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (TH); by Foundation for Bolyai College, and by the New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund (TSZ, TH). This project received funding also from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 856453 ERC-2019-SyG). Supplement: S LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Spekker, Olga AU - Kis, Luca AU - Lukács, Nikoletta AU - Patyi, Eszter AU - Tihanyi, Balázs TI - The first probable case with tuberculous meningitis from the Hun period of the Carpathian Basin – How diagnostics development can contribute to increase knowledge and understanding of the spatio-temporal distribution of tuberculosis in the past JF - TUBERCULOSIS J2 - TUBERCULOSIS VL - 143 PY - 2023 IS - Supplement PG - 5 SN - 1472-9792 DO - 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102372 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34398890 ID - 34398890 AB - The aim of our paper is to demonstrate and discuss in detail the endocranial bony changes suggestive of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) that were recorded in an adult female's (SPF15) skeleton. The bone remains were uncovered from a solitary grave from the Hun period (5th-century-CE) archaeological site of Solt–Polya-fok (Bács-Kiskun county, Hungary). During the macromorphological examination of the very incomplete and poorly preserved skeleton of SPF15, the inner surface of the skull displayed abnormally pronounced digital impressions (APDIs) and granular impressions (GIs). Recently, it was confirmed that endocranial GIs can be considered as specific signs of TBM; and thus, they are sufficient enough on their own to make a definitive diagnosis of the disease in the palaeopathological practice. On the other hand, APDIs are not specific to TBM but can be tuberculous in origin; their concomitant presence with GIs in SPF15 makes their tuberculous origin very likely. Based on the above, it seems that the adult female from the 5th-century-CE archaeological site of Solt–Polya-fok suffered from TBM. SPF15 is the first reported probable case with tuberculosis (TB) from the Hun period of the present-day territory of Hungary, who gives us invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of the disease in the past. Furthermore, it highlights the paramount importance of diagnostics development, especially the identification and refinement of diagnostic criteria, as without the application of APDIs and GIs, the diagnosis of TB could not have been established in SPF15. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Kiss, Krisztián AU - Bálint, Marianna AU - Gémes, Anett AU - Marcsik, Antónia AU - Dávid, Áron AU - Évinger, Sándor AU - Gróf, Péter AU - Gróh, Dániel AU - Gyenesei, Katalin Éva AU - János, István AU - Kolozsi, Barbara AU - Kovács, Loránd Olivér AU - László, Orsolya AU - Libor, Csilla AU - Merczi, Mónika AU - Molnár, Erika AU - Németh, Csilla Emese AU - Pálfi, György AU - Perémi, Ágota AU - Rácz, Zsófia AU - Spekker, Olga AU - Szőke, Béla Miklós AU - Tóth, István Zsolt AU - Tóth, Zoltán AU - Hajdu, Tamás AU - Szeniczey, Tamás TI - White Plague in the Carpathian Basin – New and old tuberculosis cases from 2nd–16th centuries CE T2 - 8th International Symposium on Funerary Archaeology. „Homines, Funera, Astra” PY - 2023 SP - 62 EP - 64 PG - 3 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34203180 ID - 34203180 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Tihanyi, Balázs AU - Kis, Luca AU - Lukács, Nikoletta AU - Patyi, Eszter AU - Spekker, Olga TI - First evidence for the presence of tuberculosis in the Hun-period Carpathian Basin T2 - The 4th Conference of the "Török Aurél" Anthropological Association PY - 2023 SP - 27 EP - 28 PG - 2 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34181502 ID - 34181502 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Spekker, Olga AU - Tihanyi, Balázs AU - Kis, Luca AU - Madai, Ágota AU - Pálfi, György AU - Csuvár-Andrási, Réka AU - Wicker, Erika AU - Szalontai, Csaba AU - Samu, Levente AU - Koncz, István AU - Marcsik, Antónia AU - Molnár, Erika TI - Re-evaluation and comparative analysis of Avar-period leprosy cases from the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary – Biological and social consequences T2 - The 4th Conference of the "Török Aurél" Anthropological Association PY - 2023 SP - 25 EP - 26 PG - 2 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34181493 ID - 34181493 LA - English DB - MTMT ER -