@article{MTMT:34822257,
	title = {Network of large pedigrees reveals social practices of Avar communities},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34822257},
	author = {Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto and Rácz, Zsófia and Samu, Levente and Szeniczey, Tamás and Faragó, Norbert and Knipper, Corina and Friedrich, Ronny and Zlámalová, Denisa and Traverso, Luca and Liccardo, Salvatore and Wabnitz, Sandra and Popli, Divyaratan and Wang, Ke and Radzeviciute, Rita and Gulyás, Bence and Koncz, István and Balogh, Csilla and Lezsák, Gabriella M. and Mácsai, Viktor and Bunbury, Magdalena M. E. and Spekker, Olga and le Roux, Petrus and Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna and Mende, Balázs Gusztáv and Colleran, Heidi and Hajdu, Tamás and Geary, Patrick and Pohl, Walter and Vida, Tivadar and Krause, Johannes and Hofmanová, Zuzana},
	doi = {10.1038/s41586-024-07312-4},
	journal-iso = {NATURE},
	journal = {NATURE},
	unique-id = {34822257},
	issn = {0028-0836},
	abstract = {From ad 567–568, at the onset of the Avar period, populations from the Eurasian Steppe settled in the Carpathian Basin for approximately 250 years 1 . Extensive sampling for archaeogenomics (424 individuals) and isotopes, combined with archaeological, anthropological and historical contextualization of four Avar-period cemeteries, allowed for a detailed description of the genomic structure of these communities and their kinship and social practices. We present a set of large pedigrees, reconstructed using ancient DNA, spanning nine generations and comprising around 300 individuals. We uncover a strict patrilineal kinship system, in which patrilocality and female exogamy were the norm and multiple reproductive partnering and levirate unions were common. The absence of consanguinity indicates that this society maintained a detailed memory of ancestry over generations. These kinship practices correspond with previous evidence from historical sources and anthropological research on Eurasian Steppe societies 2 . Network analyses of identity-by-descent DNA connections suggest that social cohesion between communities was maintained via female exogamy. Finally, despite the absence of major ancestry shifts, the level of resolution of our analyses allowed us to detect genetic discontinuity caused by the replacement of a community at one of the sites. This was paralleled with changes in the archaeological record and was probably a result of local political realignment.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {1476-4687},
	orcid-numbers = {Gnecchi-Ruscone, Guido Alberto/0000-0002-6490-8101; Rácz, Zsófia/0000-0001-5116-2235; Samu, Levente/0000-0002-9967-9468; Szeniczey, Tamás/0000-0003-1546-7140; Faragó, Norbert/0000-0002-0351-1223; Friedrich, Ronny/0000-0001-5199-1957; Gulyás, Bence/0000-0002-7682-2065; Koncz, István/0000-0002-8113-5753; Balogh, Csilla/0000-0002-9161-1653; Bunbury, Magdalena M. E./0000-0003-3114-3138; Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; le Roux, Petrus/0000-0002-5930-4995; Szécsényi-Nagy, Anna/0000-0003-2095-738X; Colleran, Heidi/0000-0002-2126-8116; Hajdu, Tamás/0000-0002-3604-1125; Geary, Patrick/0000-0002-3971-2588; Vida, Tivadar/0000-0002-0588-1906; Krause, Johannes/0000-0001-9144-3920; Hofmanová, Zuzana/0000-0003-1336-4455}
}

@article{MTMT:34498427,
	title = {White plague among the “forgotten people” from the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin–Cases with tuberculosis from the Sarmatian-period (3rd–4th centuries CE) archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely–Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Hungary)},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34498427},
	author = {Spekker, Olga and Kiss P., Attila and Kis, Luca and Király, Kitty and Varga, Sándor and Marcsik, Antónia and Schütz, Oszkár and Török, Tibor and Hunt, David R. and Tihanyi, Balázs},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0294762},
	journal-iso = {PLOS ONE},
	journal = {PLOS ONE},
	volume = {19},
	unique-id = {34498427},
	issn = {1932-6203},
	abstract = {Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that is well-known in the palaeopathological record because it can affect the skeleton and consequently leaves readily identifiable macroscopic alterations. Palaeopathological case studies provide invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of TB in the past. This is true for those archaeological periods and geographical regions from when and where no or very few TB cases have been published until now–as in the Sarmatian period (1 st –5 th centuries CE) in the Barbaricum of the Carpathian Basin. The aim of our paper is to discuss five newly discovered TB cases ( HK199 , HK201 , HK225 , HK253 , and HK309 ) from the Sarmatian-period archaeological site of Hódmezővásárhely–Kenyere-ér, Bereczki-tanya (Csongrád-Csanád county, Hungary). Detailed macromorphological evaluation of the skeletons focused on the detection of bony changes likely associated with different forms of TB. In all five cases, the presence of endocranial alterations (especially TB-specific granular impressions) suggests that these individuals suffered from TB meningitis. Furthermore, the skeletal lesions observed in the spine and both hip joints of HK225 indicate that this juvenile also had multifocal osteoarticular TB. Thanks to the discovery of HK199 , HK201 , HK225 , HK253 , and HK309 , the number of TB cases known from the Sarmatian-period Carpathian Basin doubled, implying that the disease was likely more frequent in the Barbaricum than previously thought. Without the application of granular impressions, the diagnosis of TB could not have been established in these five cases. Thus, the identification of TB in these individuals highlights the importance of diagnostics development, especially the refinement of diagnostic criteria. Based on the above, the systematic macromorphological (re-)evaluation of osteoarchaeological series from the Sarmatian-period Carpathian Basin would be advantageous to provide a more accurate picture of how TB may have impacted the ancestral human communities of the Barbaricum.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {1932-6203},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; Kis, Luca/0000-0002-1021-2854; Marcsik, Antónia/0000-0002-3121-4365; Schütz, Oszkár/0000-0001-5521-3044; Török, Tibor/0000-0002-2128-1126; Tihanyi, Balázs/0000-0001-5124-4468}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34543135,
	title = {Cases with tuberculosis from the Avar-period cemetery of Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár II (Csongrád-Csanád county, Hungary).},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34543135},
	author = {Madai, Ágota and Szalontai, Csaba and Spekker, Olga},
	booktitle = {The 4th Conference of the "Török Aurél" Anthropological Association},
	unique-id = {34543135},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {11-12},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34535219,
	title = {Tuberkulózisos esetek Kiskundorozsma–Kettőshatár II. avar kori temető embertani szériájában},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34535219},
	author = {Madai, Ágota and Szalontai, Csaba and Spekker, Olga},
	booktitle = {II. Régészhallgatók Országos Konferenciája Absztraktfüzet},
	unique-id = {34535219},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {6},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906}
}

@article{MTMT:34398897,
	title = {In gratitude for the collaborative partnership with David E. Minnikin},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34398897},
	author = {Váradi, Orsolya Anna and Marcsik, Antónia and Masson, Muriel and Molnár, Erika and Pap, Ildikó and Spekker, Olga and Szekeres, András and Pálfi, György},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tube.2023.102364},
	journal-iso = {TUBERCULOSIS},
	journal = {TUBERCULOSIS},
	volume = {143},
	unique-id = {34398897},
	issn = {1472-9792},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1873-281X},
	orcid-numbers = {Váradi, Orsolya Anna/0000-0002-7825-265X; Marcsik, Antónia/0000-0002-3121-4365; Molnár, Erika/0000-0001-6660-9239; Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; Szekeres, András/0000-0003-1651-4623}
}

@article{MTMT:34398895,
	title = {More than one millennium (2nd-16th century CE) of the White Plague in the Carpathian Basin – New cases, expanding knowledge},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34398895},
	author = {Kiss, Krisztián and Bálint, Marianna and Gémes, Anett and Marcsik, Antónia and Dávid, Áron and Évinger, Sándor and Gróf, Péter and Gróh, Dániel and Gyenesei, Katalin and János, István and Kolozsi, Barbara and Kovács, Loránd Olivér and Mateovics-László, Orsolya and Libor, Csilla and Merczi, Mónika and Molnár, Erika and Németh, Csilla Emese and Pálfi, György and Perémi, Ágota and Rácz, Zsófia and Spekker, Olga and Szőke, Béla Miklós and Tóth, István Zsolt and Tóth, Zoltán and Hajdu, Tamás and Szeniczey, Tamás},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tube.2023.102387},
	journal-iso = {TUBERCULOSIS},
	journal = {TUBERCULOSIS},
	volume = {143},
	unique-id = {34398895},
	issn = {1472-9792},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1873-281X},
	orcid-numbers = {Gémes, Anett/0000-0002-5107-8364; Marcsik, Antónia/0000-0002-3121-4365; Molnár, Erika/0000-0001-6660-9239; Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; Hajdu, Tamás/0000-0002-3604-1125; Szeniczey, Tamás/0000-0003-1546-7140}
}

@article{MTMT:34398890,
	title = {The first probable case with tuberculous meningitis from the Hun period of the Carpathian Basin – How diagnostics development can contribute to increase knowledge and understanding of the spatio-temporal distribution of tuberculosis in the past},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34398890},
	author = {Spekker, Olga and Kis, Luca and Lukács, Nikoletta and Patyi, Eszter and Tihanyi, Balázs},
	doi = {10.1016/j.tube.2023.102372},
	journal-iso = {TUBERCULOSIS},
	journal = {TUBERCULOSIS},
	volume = {143},
	unique-id = {34398890},
	issn = {1472-9792},
	abstract = {The aim of our paper is to demonstrate and discuss in detail the endocranial bony changes suggestive of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) that were recorded in an adult female's (SPF15) skeleton. The bone remains were uncovered from a solitary grave from the Hun period (5th-century-CE) archaeological site of Solt–Polya-fok (Bács-Kiskun county, Hungary). During the macromorphological examination of the very incomplete and poorly preserved skeleton of SPF15, the inner surface of the skull displayed abnormally pronounced digital impressions (APDIs) and granular impressions (GIs). Recently, it was confirmed that endocranial GIs can be considered as specific signs of TBM; and thus, they are sufficient enough on their own to make a definitive diagnosis of the disease in the palaeopathological practice. On the other hand, APDIs are not specific to TBM but can be tuberculous in origin; their concomitant presence with GIs in SPF15 makes their tuberculous origin very likely. Based on the above, it seems that the adult female from the 5th-century-CE archaeological site of Solt–Polya-fok suffered from TBM. SPF15 is the first reported probable case with tuberculosis (TB) from the Hun period of the present-day territory of Hungary, who gives us invaluable information about the spatio-temporal distribution of the disease in the past. Furthermore, it highlights the paramount importance of diagnostics development, especially the identification and refinement of diagnostic criteria, as without the application of APDIs and GIs, the diagnosis of TB could not have been established in SPF15.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1873-281X},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; Kis, Luca/0000-0002-1021-2854; Tihanyi, Balázs/0000-0001-5124-4468}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34203180,
	title = {White Plague in the Carpathian Basin – New and old tuberculosis cases from 2nd–16th centuries CE},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34203180},
	author = {Kiss, Krisztián and Bálint, Marianna and Gémes, Anett and Marcsik, Antónia and Dávid, Áron and Évinger, Sándor and Gróf, Péter and Gróh, Dániel and Gyenesei, Katalin Éva and János, István and Kolozsi, Barbara and Kovács, Loránd Olivér and László, Orsolya and Libor, Csilla and Merczi, Mónika and Molnár, Erika and Németh, Csilla Emese and Pálfi, György and Perémi, Ágota and Rácz, Zsófia and Spekker, Olga and Szőke, Béla Miklós and Tóth, István Zsolt and Tóth, Zoltán and Hajdu, Tamás and Szeniczey, Tamás},
	booktitle = {8th International Symposium on Funerary Archaeology. „Homines, Funera, Astra”},
	unique-id = {34203180},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {62-64},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; Hajdu, Tamás/0000-0002-3604-1125}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34181502,
	title = {First evidence for the presence of tuberculosis in the Hun-period Carpathian Basin},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34181502},
	author = {Tihanyi, Balázs and Kis, Luca and Lukács, Nikoletta and Patyi, Eszter and Spekker, Olga},
	booktitle = {The 4th Conference of the "Török Aurél" Anthropological Association},
	unique-id = {34181502},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {27-28},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:34181493,
	title = {Re-evaluation and comparative analysis of Avar-period leprosy cases from the Danube-Tisza Interfluve, Hungary – Biological and social consequences},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34181493},
	author = {Spekker, Olga and Tihanyi, Balázs and Kis, Luca and Madai, Ágota and Pálfi, György and Csuvár-Andrási, Réka and Wicker, Erika and Szalontai, Csaba and Samu, Levente and Koncz, István and Marcsik, Antónia and Molnár, Erika},
	booktitle = {The 4th Conference of the "Török Aurél" Anthropological Association},
	unique-id = {34181493},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {25-26},
	orcid-numbers = {Spekker, Olga/0000-0002-0350-1906; Tihanyi, Balázs/0000-0001-5124-4468}
}