TY - JOUR AU - Csák, Róbert AU - Szécsi, Judit AU - Kassai, Szilvia AU - Márványkövi, Ferenc AU - Rácz, József TI - New psychoactive substance use as a survival strategy in rural marginalised communities in Hungary JF - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY J2 - INT J DRUG POLICY VL - 85 PY - 2020 PG - 9 SN - 0955-3959 DO - 10.1016/j.drugpo.2019.102639 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31133432 ID - 31133432 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Secretary of social inclusion at the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities Funding text: The research in this paper was funded by the Secretary of social inclusion at the Hungarian Ministry of Human Capacities. We would like to thank to Akos Topolanszky, member of the presidency of European Economic and Social Committee, for raising the awareness related to the phenomenon of rural substance use in Hungary and working relentlessly on keeping this issue on the agenda of decision makers. AB - Background: New psychoactive substance (NPS) use has become a widespread phenomenon among marginalised communities in Hungary. Since 2010, a growing number of reports in grey literature and anecdotal information among professionals have become available on NPS use among previously unaffected groups, such as people living in rural, socioeconomically deprived communities. In our research, we aimed to explore NPS use among these communities. Methods: We conducted a mixed method research with convergent parallel design. Data collection took place in 2017 in marginalised communities in villages in two regions in Hungary, where 150 questionnaires were recorded and 50 interviews were conducted with current NPS users. Results: According to the survey results, NPS is very easy to access, synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist (SCRA) are easily bought in marginalised rural communities (79% found SCRA easy to obtain). Both SCRA and synthetic cathinones are used regularly; 57% of SCRA users and 37% of synthetic cathinone users used the respective substance at least once a week in the past 30 days. Besides NPS, sedative use (without prescription) and alcohol consumption are common among the respondents. 17% of the sample has already injected NPS. The overwhelming majority of the respondents rated regular consumption of NPS as “very dangerous” (SCRA: 75%, synthetic cathinones 72%). NPS users have limited knowledge of consequences and the social and health treatment options available. Most themes in the interviews are associated with surviving stress, crisis and anxiety, as well as the wish to escape from insecurity and chaotic life. Positive effects of substance use (community, joy, energy) are rarely present. Conclusion: People who use drugs (PWUD) living in these rural communities face the consequences of the rural risk environment: easy access to NPS, inadequate access to services, poor labour market situation and attributions of marginalised groups, for example disaffiliation. NPS use is not a recreational activity in this population; individuals mainly use NPS to get away from reality, problems, pain, poverty and marginalisation. NPS use is a survival strategy. Effective responses have to address substance use and social integration; we need complex interventions addressing structural factors. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - BOOK ED - Oblah, Márton AU - Oblath, Márton AU - Csák, Róbert AU - Fóti, Orsolya AU - Kecskés, Nóra AU - Patonay, Anita AU - Takács, Gábor AU - Lipka, Péter TI - Dráma és színház a bűnmegelőzésben. A Káva Kulturális Műhely Juventas programja TS - A Káva Kulturális Műhely Juventas programja PB - Káva Kulturális Műhely CY - Budapest PY - 2019 SP - 317 SN - 9789638839794 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31256666 ID - 31256666 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Csák, Róbert ED - Felvinczi, Katalin ED - Sebestyén, Edit TI - A kockázati környezetről Magyarországon T2 - Magas kockázati csoportok azonosítását célzó szakmai módszertani dokumentumok és eszköztár kialakítása : Szakértői anyag PB - Magyar Addiktológiai Társaság CY - Budapest SN - 9786158097802 PY - 2018 SP - 21 EP - 36 PG - 16 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34207883 ID - 34207883 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Szécsi, Judit AU - Csák, Róbert ED - Felvinczi, Katalin ED - Sebestyén, Edit TI - Magas kockázatú csoportok hazai helyzetkép T2 - Magas kockázati csoportok azonosítását célzó szakmai módszertani dokumentumok és eszköztár kialakítása : Szakértői anyag PB - Magyar Addiktológiai Társaság CY - Budapest SN - 9786158097802 PY - 2018 SP - 57 EP - 71 PG - 15 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30618718 ID - 30618718 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Csák, Róbert AU - Rácz, József TI - Risk behaviours of Novel Psychoactive Substance users in Hungary and the possibility of harm reduction JF - MEDYCYNA RODZINNA J2 - MEDYCYNA RODZINNA VL - 21 PY - 2018 IS - 1 SP - 93 EP - 105 PG - 13 SN - 1505-3768 DO - 10.25121/MR.2018.21.1.93 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30606638 ID - 30606638 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - THES AU - Csák, Róbert TI - Intravénás szerhasználók kockázati magatartása és az azt befolyásoló strukturális tényezők a 2010-2015 közötti időszakban PB - Semmelweis Egyetem PY - 2018 DO - 10.14753/SE.2018.2081 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3425343 ID - 3425343 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gyarmathy, V. Anna AU - Csák, Róbert AU - Katalin, Bálint AU - Eszter, Bene AU - András, Ernő Varga AU - Mónika, Varga AU - Nóra, Csiszér AU - Vingender, István AU - Rácz, József TI - A needle in the haystack – the dire straits of needle exchange in Hungary JF - BMC PUBLIC HEALTH J2 - BMC PUBLIC HEALTH VL - 16 PY - 2016 IS - 1 PG - 7 SN - 1471-2458 DO - 10.1186/s12889-016-2842-2 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3020286 ID - 3020286 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rácz, József AU - Csák, Róbert AU - Tímea Tóth, Krisztina AU - Tóth, Eszter AU - Rozmán, Klaudia AU - Gyarmathy, V. Anna TI - Veni, vidi, vici. the appearance and dominance of new psychoactive substances among new participants at the largest needle exchange program in Hungary between 2006 and 2014 TS - the appearance and dominance of new psychoactive substances among new participants at the largest needle exchange program in Hungary between 2006 and 2014 JF - DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE J2 - DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN VL - 158 PY - 2016 IS - 1 SP - 154 EP - 158 PG - 5 SN - 0376-8716 DO - 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.10.034 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2980579 ID - 2980579 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Rácz, József AU - Gyarmathy, V. Anna AU - Csák, Róbert TI - New cases of HIV among people who inject drugs in Hungary: False alarm or early warning? JF - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY J2 - INT J DRUG POLICY VL - 27 PY - 2016 IS - 1 SP - 13 EP - 16 PG - 4 SN - 0955-3959 DO - 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.05.026 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2912865 ID - 2912865 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CONF AU - Csák, Róbert AU - Sárosi, Péter AU - Máté, Zsolt ED - Felvinczi, Katalin ED - Eisinger, Andrea ED - Demetrovics, Zsolt TI - Élő jelentés az ártalomcsökkentés aktuális magyarországi helyzetéről T2 - A Magyar Addiktológiai Társaság X. Országos Kongresszusa T3 - Addiktológia (Addictologia Hungarica Supplementum ; 56. PY - 2015 SP - 11 EP - 12 PG - 2 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3113609 ID - 3113609 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER -