@article{MTMT:31298703,
	title = {Optimizing entrepreneurial development processes for smart specialization in the European Union},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31298703},
	author = {Szerb, László and Ortega‐Argilés, Raquel and Ács, J. Zoltán and Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva},
	doi = {10.1111/pirs.12536},
	journal-iso = {PAP REG SCI},
	journal = {PAPERS IN REGIONAL SCIENCE: THE JOURNAL OF THE REGIONAL SCIENCE ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL},
	volume = {99},
	unique-id = {31298703},
	issn = {1056-8190},
	abstract = {This paper demonstrates how the Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) can be used to optimize local entrepreneurial discovery processes, in a manner which can support smart specialization strategies (S3). While S3 industry prioritization is based on the identification of local strengths, regional improvement can be achieved by improving the weakest features of the local
		entrepreneurial ecosystem. REDI based suggestions are place-based and offer rationale for tailor-made regional policy interventions. We found that without optimizing the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the industry specialization alone may not be successful because of the inability of the ecosystem to nurture high growth ventures.},
	year = {2020},
	eissn = {1435-5957},
	pages = {1413-1457},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422; Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva/0000-0002-1734-3769}
}

@book{MTMT:31134592,
	title = {Global Entrepreneurship Index 2019},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31134592},
	author = {Ács, J. Zoltán and Szerb, László and Lafuente, Esteban and Márkus, Gábor},
	doi = {10.13140/RG.2.2.17692.64641},
	publisher = {GEDI},
	unique-id = {31134592},
	year = {2020},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422}
}

@CONFERENCE{MTMT:32000755,
	title = {Policy optimization in regional context: Setting RIS3 policy scenarios in the EU},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32000755},
	author = {Szerb, László and Raquel, Ortega-Argilés and Ács, J. Zoltán and Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva},
	booktitle = {ERSA congress 2018},
	unique-id = {32000755},
	year = {2018},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422; Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva/0000-0002-1734-3769}
}

@article{MTMT:3403619,
	title = {Entrepreneurship, institutional economics, and economic growth: an ecosystem perspective},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3403619},
	author = {Ács, J. Zoltán and Saul, Estrin and Tomasz, Mickiewicz and Szerb, László},
	doi = {10.1007/s11187-018-0013-9},
	journal-iso = {SMALL BUS ECON},
	journal = {SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS},
	volume = {51},
	unique-id = {3403619},
	issn = {0921-898X},
	abstract = {We analyze conceptually and in an empirical
		counterpart the relationship between economic growth,
		factor inputs, institutions, and entrepreneurship. In particular,
		we investigate whether entrepreneurship and
		institutions, in combination in an ecosystem, can be
		viewed as a Bmissing link^ in an aggregate production
		function analysis of cross-country differences in economic
		growth. To do this, we build on the concept of
		National Systems of Entrepreneurship (NSE) as resource
		allocation systems that combine institutions and
		human agency into an interdependent system of complementarities.
		We explore the empirical relevance of
		these ideas using data from a representative global survey
		and institutional sources for 46 countries over the
		period 2002–2011. We find support for the role of the
		entrepreneurial ecosystem in economic growth.},
	keywords = {EFFICIENCY; TECHNOLOGY; GEM; Entrepreneurship; ecosystem; economic growth; Solow residual; GEI},
	year = {2018},
	eissn = {1573-0913},
	pages = {501-514},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422}
}

@techreport{MTMT:3339817,
	title = {Case Study on the Hungarian new tech entrepreneurial ecosystem},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3339817},
	author = {Szerb, László and Vörös, Zsófia and Páger, Balázs and Ács, J. Zoltán and Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva},
	unique-id = {3339817},
	abstract = {In this case study, we intend to depict and evaluate the state of the new tech entrepreneurial ecosystem in Hungary. As a descriptive case study, this paper does not directly formulate policy suggestions, but the information presented and discussed is highly relevant for policy makers. The comparisons between Hungary and other EU countries tell policy makers how Hungary is doing in terms of supporting new tech start-ups and which areas are in need of more, new or different types of policy making.
		New technology oriented firms, as a small subset of startups, are believed to be important drivers of economic growth and job creation via the facilitation of technological change and innovation (Audretsch 1995, Colombo and Grilli 2010). Indeed, the reforms to European Cohesion Policy have sought to place entrepreneurship center-stage via the introduction of the ‘smart specialization’ strategy (European Commission, 2012; McCann and Ortega-Argilés 2013, 2015, 2016). Entrepreneurship, and in particular its role on fostering innovation, is now seen as being key to the new EU smart growth and development agenda.
		The most recent emerging digital entrepreneurship ecosystem approach is looking for the emergence of new technologies at the intersection of entrepreneurial and digital ecosystems (Autio et al 2017, Nambasian 2017, Sussan–Acs 2017). Sussan and Acs (2017) define the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem as “the matching of digital customers (users and agents) on platforms in digital space through the creative use of digital ecosystem governance and business ecosystem management to create matchmaker value and social utility by reducing transactions cost.” (Sussan–Acs 2017, p. 63). This definition of digital entrepreneurship seems to be a suitable theoretical framework for our study.
		To design tailor-made new tech policies, it is essential to use the best available evidence to develop appropriate data baselines on which targets can be set and policies can be developed to support the digital entrepreneurship ecosystem. Therefore, the knowledge of specific strengths and weaknesses of the individual regional entrepreneurial and digital ecosystems is essential. This case study describes and applies an empirical approach that can serve to assess different elements of the digital entrepreneurial ecosystems.
		There are no direct indicators of digital entrepreneurship. Therefore, we can only examine the entrepreneurial and digital environments independently. To have a comprehensive view on the Hungarian entrepreneurial ecosystem where new technology businesses operate, first, we review the Hungarian GEI (Global Entrepreneurship Index) scores and the ranking of Hungary among the EU countries during 2011–2015. Unlike in the case of the system of entrepreneurship where we have a dominant index (GEI), there is no leading indicator of digital ecosystems. In the European Union, the most widely used composite indicator is the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI 2017). Another often used indicator is the World Economic Forum’s Network Readiness Index (NRI) (2016). Next to these two prominent composite indicators, there are some other country level indicators that capture important dimensions of digitalization, namely the Digital Country Index (DCI), the Evolution Index (DEI), the Digital Tax Index (DTI) and the Digital Money Index (DMI). Next to assessing the digital ecosystem in Hungary based on all six indices, we look at the importance of the Hungarian new tech startup sector as well. Finally, we present the results of our expert survey to obtain better indications on specific characteristics of the Hungarian entrepreneurial ecosystem. In the survey, we distinguished between eight, partially overlapping, topics related to the entrepreneurial as well as to the digital ecosystems. 5 / 44
		Our results on the Hungarian entrepreneurial ecosystem signal a relatively low value of venture capital and a lack of sophisticated business strategy that are believed to be vital to the emergence of high growth ventures (low Finance and Strategy institutional GEI variable). Moreover, the relatively low values of all the attitude related individual variables suggest relatively poor basic entrepreneurial capabilities, skills and cultural support of the population. The recognition of entrepreneurial opportunities is particularly problematic even if we compare Hungary with other former socialist CEE countries. The percentage of young businesses applying a technology that is younger than five year-old is also relatively weak. As of the digital ecosystem, both DESI and NRI indicate that, in general, the business level digital technology usage in Hungary is well below the EU average. Looking at the various indicators on medium and new tech businesses, startups and new technology high growth ventures, Hungary ranks around the 15–18 place among out the 28 EU countries. Altogether, Hungary is performing better in terms of the number or the density of new tech businesses as compared to the digital or the entrepreneurship ecosystems, where Hungary belongs to the fourth, weakest quartile of the EU countries. Our overall impression from the answers of the expert survey is that the Hungarian entrepreneurship ecosystem has many aspects that need improving to become favourable for the emergence of new technology firms. The results indicate that experts evaluate Hungary’s performance moderate in Human capital and education, Regulatory environment, Financing and Support. Policy makers can achieve economic growth with the highest efficiency and efficacy of resource usage, by targeting the mentioned bottlenecks in the way of the development of digital entrepreneurship.},
	year = {2018},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422; Vörös, Zsófia/0000-0003-4756-8050; Páger, Balázs/0000-0001-8061-1300; Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva/0000-0002-1734-3769}
}

@book{MTMT:3373396,
	title = {Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2017},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3373396},
	isbn = {9783319659039},
	author = {Ács, J. Zoltán and Szerb, László and Lloyd, Ainsley},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-65903-9},
	publisher = {GEDI},
	unique-id = {3373396},
	year = {2017},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422}
}

@book{MTMT:3340011,
	title = {Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index 2016},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3340011},
	isbn = {9783319638430},
	author = {Ács, J. Zoltán and Szerb, László and Autio, Erkko},
	doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-63844-7},
	publisher = {Springer Netherlands},
	unique-id = {3340011},
	year = {2017},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422}
}

@techreport{MTMT:3339813,
	title = {Productivity and growth: the relevance of the national system of entrepreneurship},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3339813},
	author = {Ács, J. Zoltán and Esteban, Lafuente and Mark, Sanders and Szerb, László},
	unique-id = {3339813},
	abstract = {In this study we evaluate how country-level entrepreneurship—measured via the national system of entrepreneurship—impacts total factor productivity, and how the national system of entrepreneurship triggers productivity by increasing the beneficial effects of different types of entrepreneurship, namely Kirznerian and Schumpeterian entrepreneurship. Using a comprehensive database for 73 countries during 2002-2013, we employ a non-parametric technique—Data Envelopment Analysis—to build the world technology frontier and compute the Malmquist total factor productivity index and its components. The results are consistent with the notion that the national system of entrepreneurship is positively associated with total factor productivity at the country level. Additionally, the findings reveal that the national system of entrepreneurship enhances efficiency change via enhanced Kirznerian entrepreneurship in the short-run, while the positive effect on total factor productivity of Schumpeterian entrepreneurship prevails in the long run. The results suggest that public policies promoting Kirznerian entrepreneurship—e.g., increased business formation rates—may be conducive to productivity in periods of economic growth. In contrast, policy interventions targeting Schumpeterian entrepreneurship objectives—e.g., innovative entrepreneurship and the development of new technologies—yield to technical progress and, consequently, productivity growth, regardless of the state of the economic cycle (growth of stagnation).},
	year = {2017},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422}
}

@techreport{MTMT:3333993,
	title = {The Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index. Structure, Data, Methodology and Policy Applications},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3333993},
	author = {Szerb, László and Vörös, Zsófia and Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva and Ács, J. Zoltán and Páger, Balázs and Rappai, Gábor},
	unique-id = {3333993},
	year = {2017},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422; Vörös, Zsófia/0000-0003-4756-8050; Somogyiné Komlósi, Éva/0000-0002-1734-3769; Páger, Balázs/0000-0001-8061-1300; Rappai, Gábor/0000-0002-8818-4179}
}

@book{MTMT:3228466,
	title = {Global Entrepreneurship Index 2017},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/3228466},
	isbn = {9781541266889},
	author = {Ács, J. Zoltán and Szerb, László and Erkko, Autio and Ainsley, Lloyd},
	publisher = {CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform},
	unique-id = {3228466},
	year = {2017},
	orcid-numbers = {Szerb, László/0000-0002-6964-7422}
}