@article{MTMT:34484016,
	title = {Prevalence Estimation and Genetic Characterization of Porcine Parainfluenza Virus 1 (PPIV-1) in Hungary and the First Report of the Virus in Slovakia},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34484016},
	author = {Igriczi, Barbara and Dénes, Lilla and Czétényi, Anna and Révész, Tamás and Somogyi, Zoltán and Balka, Gyula},
	doi = {10.1155/2024/5534854},
	journal-iso = {TRANSBOUND EMERG DIS},
	journal = {TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES},
	volume = {2024},
	unique-id = {34484016},
	issn = {1865-1674},
	abstract = {In the last few decades, many new paramyxoviruses have been discovered, causing diverse, mostly respiratory diseases in animals and humans. The porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1, species Porcine respirovirus 1), which has been reported in many countries worldwide, was found in both healthy and clinically ill pigs showing respiratory signs. Here, we report the expected prevalence and genetic diversity of PPIV-1 in Hungarian pig herds and the detection in one Slovakian pig farm, which is the first report of evidence for the presence of the virus in the country. To estimate the prevalence in Hungary 211 oral fluid samples were collected from 23 large-scale swine herds in a systematic way and tested by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The presence of the virus was detected in 10 of the 23 Hungarian farms (43%) included in our study. One hundred eighty-one nasal swab samples were collected cross-sectionally from three Hungarian and one Slovakian PPIV-1-positive herd and PPIV-1 was most prevalent in 6-week-old pigs on farms located in Hungary and in the 2-week-old pigs on the Slovakian farm. Phylogenetic analysis of three Hungarian and two Slovakian PPIV-1 F-gene sequences showed high-nucleotide identity (>93%) and all belonged to Clade I, together with the other European strains.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {1865-1682},
	pages = {e5534854}
}

@article{MTMT:34484269,
	title = {Eradication of PRRS from Hungarian Pig Herds between 2014 and 2022},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34484269},
	author = {Szabó, István and Nemes, I. and Bognár, L. and Terjék, Z. and Molnár, T. and Abonyi, Tamás and Bálint, Ádám and Horváth, D.G. and Balka, Gyula},
	doi = {10.3390/ani13243747},
	journal-iso = {ANIMALS-BASEL},
	journal = {ANIMALS},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {34484269},
	abstract = {Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a widespread infectious disease that is currently a major cause of economic losses in pig production. In Hungary, a National PRRS Eradication Program has been introduced to attain a more efficient, economic, and competitive international market position. The program has been also approved by the EU, but the resulting legal obligations have imposed a burden on Hungarian producers to comply with EU competition rules. The implementation of the program has been carried out by the veterinary authorities with the consent of, continuous support from and monitoring conducted by organisations within the pig sector as well as a scientific committee. The PRRS eradication program in Hungary was based on a regional territorial principle and was compulsory for all pig holdings within the regions. In Hungary, large fattening farms operate as all-in/all-out or continuous flow systems. Large-scale breeding herds are predominantly farrow-to-finish types. Although its significance has decreased in recent decades, 20% of the Hungarian pig population is still kept on small (backyard) farms (<100 animals). All PRRSV-infected large-scale farms had to develop a unit-adapted eradication plan, including external and internal biosecurity measures, vaccinations, etc. It was crucial to render each fattening unit free of the disease, as fattening units play a significant role in spreading the virus within the country. The eradication efforts mainly implemented were depopulation–repopulation methods, but on some farms a testing and removal method has been used. As the eradication progressed over the years, the introduction of infected fattening pigs was restricted. Thanks to these measures, Hungarian large-scale fattening farms became PRRSV-free by the end of 2018. The PRRSV-free status of small-scale herds was achieved by the end of 2015 and was maintained between 2016 and 2021. By 31 December 2021, all breeding pigs in large-scale farms in Hungary were free of wild-type PRRS virus. By 31 March 2022, the total pig population of the country, including all backyard farms and fattening units, achieved PRRSV-free status. The future goal is to ensure and maintain the PRRSV-free status of Hungary via strict import regulations of live animals combined with the continuous and thorough screening of incoming and resident herds for the presence of the virus. © 2023 by the authors.},
	keywords = {GENE; ARTICLE; Hungary; Hungary; polymerase chain reaction; Breeding; PIG; PIG; nonhuman; enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; weaning; lactation; immunofluorescence; ERADICATION; vaccination; network analysis; slaughterhouse; nursery; porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome; Biosecurity; viral clearance; sow (swine); porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; herd; PRRs; disease eradication; ORF5 gene},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2076-2615}
}

@article{MTMT:34144458,
	title = {A kutyák circovírusa és kórtani jelentősége},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34144458},
	author = {Császár, Dorottya and Psáder, Roland and Balka, Gyula},
	doi = {10.56385/magyallorv.2023.09.535-544},
	journal-iso = {MAGY ALLATORVOSOK},
	journal = {MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA},
	volume = {145},
	unique-id = {34144458},
	issn = {0025-004X},
	abstract = {A szerzők szakirodalmi adatok alapján összefoglalják a kutyák circovírusával kapcsolatos legfontosabb ismereteket. A kutyacircovírust először 2012-ben azonosították az Amerikai Egyesült Államokban. Ezt követően a vírus jelenléte világszerte leírásra került, mind egészséges, mind klinikai tüneteket mutató egyedekből. Amennyiben a fertőződés klinikai tüneteket okoz, úgy a leggyakrabban gyomor-bélrendszeri tünetek, hasmenés, hányás alakul ki. Ennek ellenére kórtani szerepe a mai napig nem tisztázott teljesen, és gyakran egyéb gyomor-bélrendszeri fertőzést okozó vírussal, főleg kutya-protoparvovírussal (canine parvovirus 2, CPV2) együttesen kerül kimutatásra. Ez utóbbi befolyásolhatja a parvovírus által okozott megbetegedés kórlefolyását, súlyosságát. A kutyacircovírust kedvtelésből tartott kutyák mellett vadon élő állatokból is kimutatták, leggyakrabban vörös rókából (Vulpes vulpes), szürke farkasból (Canis lupus), Norvégiához tartozó Svalbard szigetén élő sarki rókákból (Vulpes lagopus), valamint európai borzból (Meles meles).},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {535-544}
}

@article{MTMT:34039130,
	title = {Molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans infections revealed dominant genotypes in waterfowls diagnosed with oesophageal mycosis.},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34039130},
	author = {Domán, Marianna and Makrai, László and Vásárhelyi, B and Balka, Gyula and Bányai, Krisztián},
	doi = {10.3389/fvets.2023.1215624},
	journal-iso = {FRONT VET SCI},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE},
	volume = {10},
	unique-id = {34039130},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2297-1769}
}

@article{MTMT:33665804,
	title = {Quantitative Analysis of Inflammatory Uterine Lesions of Pregnant Gilts with Digital Image Analysis Following Experimental PRRSV-1 Infection},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33665804},
	author = {Horváth, Dávid Géza and Abonyi-Tóth, Zsolt and Papp, Márton and Szász, Attila Marcell and Rümenapf, Till and Knecht, Christian and Kreutzmann, Heinrich and Ladinig, Andrea and Balka, Gyula},
	doi = {10.3390/ani13050830},
	journal-iso = {ANIMALS-BASEL},
	journal = {ANIMALS},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {33665804},
	abstract = {Reproductive disorders caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-1 are not yet fully characterized. We report QuPath-based digital image analysis to count inflammatory cells in 141 routinely, and 35 CD163 immunohistochemically stained endometrial slides of vaccinated or unvaccinated pregnant gilts inoculated with a high or low virulent PRRSV-1 strain. To illustrate the superior statistical feasibility of the numerical data determined by digital cell counting, we defined the association between the number of these cells and endometrial, placental, and fetal features. There was strong concordance between the two manual scorers. Distributions of total cell counts and endometrial and placental qPCR results differed significantly between examiner1’s endometritis grades. Total counts’ distribution differed significantly between groups, except for the two unvaccinated. Higher vasculitis scores were associated with higher endometritis scores, and higher total cell counts were expected with high vasculitis/endometritis scores. Cell number thresholds of endometritis grades were determined. A significant correlation between fetal weights and total counts was shown in unvaccinated groups, and a significant positive correlation was found between these counts and endometrial qPCR results. We revealed significant negative correlations between CD163+ counts and qPCR results of the unvaccinated group infected with the highly virulent strain. Digital image analysis was efficiently applied to assess endometrial inflammation objectively.},
	keywords = {Endometrium; PRRSV; Digital image analysis; inflammatory; CD163; reproductive; QuPath},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2076-2615},
	orcid-numbers = {Abonyi-Tóth, Zsolt/0000-0002-5585-3313; Papp, Márton/0000-0003-4975-253X; Szász, Attila Marcell/0000-0003-2739-4196}
}

@article{MTMT:33638391,
	title = {Influence of deoxynivalenol-contaminated feed on the immune response of pigs after PRRSV vaccination and infection},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33638391},
	author = {Pierron, Alix and Vatzia, Eleni and Stadler, Maria and Mair, Kerstin H. and Schmidt, Selma and Stas, Melissa R. and Dürlinger, Sophie and Kreutzmann, Heinrich and Knecht, Christian and Balka, Gyula and Lagler, Julia and Zaruba, Marianne and Rümenapf, Till and Saalmüller, Armin and Mayer, Elisabeth and Ladinig, Andrea and Gerner, Wilhelm},
	doi = {10.1007/s00204-023-03449-9},
	journal-iso = {ARCH TOXICOL},
	journal = {ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY},
	volume = {97},
	unique-id = {33638391},
	issn = {0340-5761},
	abstract = {The impact of the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on the immune response against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccination and infection was investigated. Forty-two weaned piglets were separated into seven groups and received three different diets: Low DON (1.09 ppm), High DON (2.81 ppm) or No DON. These three treatments were split further into either vaccinated (Ingelvac PRRSFLEX EU) and challenged with PRRSV 28 days post-vaccination, or only infected at day 28. A seventh group received no DON, no vaccination, and no infection. Two weeks after challenge infection, when pigs were euthanized, the number of IFN-γ producing lymphocytes in the blood of vaccinated animals was lower in pigs on High DON compared to animals on Low DON or No DON. Intracellular cytokine staining showed that vaccinated animals fed with the Low DON diet had higher frequencies of TNF-α/IFN-γ co-producing CD4+ T cells than the other two vaccinated groups, particularly in lung tissue. Vaccinated animals on High DON had similar viral loads in the lung as the non-vaccinated groups, but several animals of the Low DON or No DON group receiving vaccination had reduced titers. In these two groups, there was a negative correlation between lung virus titers and vaccine-specific TNF-α/IFN-γ co-producing CD4+ T cells located either in lung tissue or blood. These results indicate that after PRRSV vaccination and infection, high levels of DON negatively influence immune parameters and clearance of the virus, whereas low DON concentrations have immunomodulatory effects.},
	keywords = {INFECTION; PIG; vaccination; Deoxynivalenol; PRRSV; CD4+ T cells},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1432-0738},
	pages = {1079-1089}
}

@article{MTMT:33537263,
	title = {Az atipikus sertés-pestivírus és az általa okozott reszketőkór : Irodalmi összefoglaló},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33537263},
	author = {Dénes, Lilla and Balka, Gyula},
	doi = {10.56385/magyallorv.2022.10.591-602},
	journal-iso = {MAGY ALLATORVOSOK},
	journal = {MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA},
	volume = {144},
	unique-id = {33537263},
	issn = {0025-004X},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {591-602}
}

@article{MTMT:33215214,
	title = {Influence of PRRSV-1 vaccination and infection on mononuclear immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33215214},
	author = {Stas, Melissa R. and Kreutzmann, Heinrich and Stadler, Julia and Sassu, Elena L. and Mair, Kerstin H. and Koch, Michaela and Knecht, Christian and Stadler, Maria and Dolezal, Marlies and Balka, Gyula and Zaruba, Marianne and Mötz, Marlene and Saalmüller, Armin and Rümenapf, Till and Gerner, Wilhelm and Ladinig, Andrea},
	doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055048},
	journal-iso = {FRONT IMMUNOL},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {33215214},
	issn = {1664-3224},
	abstract = {Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most devastating viruses for the global swine industry. Infection during late gestation causes reproductive failure but the local immune response in utero remains poorly understood. In this study, an experimental PRRSV-infection model with two different PRRSV-1 field isolates was used to investigate the immune cell phenotypes at the maternal-fetal interface during late gestation. In addition, phenotypic changes induced by a modified live virus (MLV, ReproCyc® PRRS EU) vaccine were studied. Vaccinated (n = 12) and non-vaccinated pregnant gilts (n = 12) were challenged with either one of the PRRSV-1 field isolates (low vs. high virulent, LV or HV) or sham-inoculated at day 84 of gestation. Twenty-one days post infection all gilts were euthanized and the fetal preservation status for all fetuses per litter was assessed. Leukocytes from the maternal-fetal interface were isolated and PRRSV-induced changes were investigated using ex vivo phenotyping by flow cytometry. PRRSV load in tissue from the maternal endometrium (ME) and fetal placenta (FP) was determined by RT-qPCR. In the ME, a vast increase in CD8β T cells with CD8αposCD27dim early effector phenotype was found for fetuses from the non-vaccinated LV and HV-challenged gilts, compared to non-treated and vaccinated-only controls. HV-challenged fetuses also showed significant increases of lymphocytes with effector phenotypes in the FP, including NKp46pos NK cells, CD8αhigh γδ T cells, as well as CD8αposCD27pos/dim CD4 and CD8 T cells. In vaccinated animals, this common activation of effector phenotypes was more confined and the fetal preservation status significantly improved. Furthermore, a negative correlation between the viral load and CD163highCD169pos mononuclear phagocytic cells was observed in the FP of HV-infected animals. These results suggest that the strong expansion of effector lymphocytes in gilts that were only infected causes immune-pathogenesis rather than protection. In contrast, the attenuated MLV seems to dampen this effect, yet presumably induces memory cells that limit reproductive failure. This work provides valuable insights into changes of local immune cell phenotypes following PRRSV vaccination and infection.},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {1664-3224}
}

@article{MTMT:33124861,
	title = {A macskák fertőző hashártyagyulladása. Irodalmi összefoglaló},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33124861},
	author = {Szilasi, Anna and Horváth, Dávid Géza and Balka, Gyula},
	doi = {10.56385/magyallorv.2022.9.527-542},
	journal-iso = {MAGY ALLATORVOSOK},
	journal = {MAGYAR ÁLLATORVOSOK LAPJA},
	volume = {144},
	unique-id = {33124861},
	issn = {0025-004X},
	year = {2022},
	pages = {527-542}
}

@article{MTMT:32875547,
	title = {Efficacy of a Modified Live Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus 1 (PRRSV-1) Vaccine against Experimental Infection with PRRSV AUT15-33 in Weaned Piglets},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32875547},
	author = {Duerlinger, Sophie and Knecht, Christian and Sawyer, Spencer and Balka, Gyula and Zaruba, Marianne and Ruemenapf, Till and Kraft, Christian and Rathkjen, Poul Henning and Ladinig, Andrea},
	doi = {10.3390/vaccines10060934},
	journal-iso = {VACCINES-BASEL},
	journal = {VACCINES (BASEL)},
	volume = {10},
	unique-id = {32875547},
	abstract = {In this study, the efficacy of the commercial modified live PRRSV-1 vaccine “Ingelvac PRRSFLEX® EU” was assessed in weaned piglets experimentally infected with PRRSV strain AUT15-33. Seventy-four weaned piglets were allocated to five groups. Vaccinated (groups 1, 2, and 5) and non-vaccinated piglets (groups 3 and 4), infected with either a low dose (103 TCID50/dose; groups 2 and 4) or a high dose (105 TCID50/dose; groups 1 and 3) of the virus, were compared regarding clinical signs, average daily weight gain (ADG), lung lesions, viral load in serum, oral swabs, and tissue samples. In comparison to vaccinated animals, coughing increased notably in the second week after challenge in non-vaccinated piglets. During the same time period, vaccinated, high-dose-infected piglets showed significantly higher ADG (p < 0.05) than non-vaccinated, high-dose-infected animals. All infected piglets reached approximately the same viremia levels, but vaccinated animals showed both a significantly reduced viral load in oral fluid (p < 0.05) and tissue samples and significantly reduced lung lesions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, vaccination was able to increase ADG, reduce the amount of viral shedding via oral fluids, and reduce the severity of lung lesions and the viral load in tissue samples under experimental conditions.},
	keywords = {Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); weaned piglets; Modified live virus vaccine; Challenge model; Respiratory model; PRRSV-1 AUT15-33},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {2076-393X}
}