TY - CHAP AU - Marcus, Kreutler AU - Evangelia, Psychogiopoulou AU - Michał, Głowacki AU - Anna, Kandyla AU - Jacek, Mikucki AU - Polyák, Gábor AU - Szávai, Petra AU - Urbán, Ágnes TI - Monitoring legal regulation and media accountability systems T2 - Monitoring mediascapes PB - University of Tartu Press CY - Tartu SN - 9789916274590 PY - 2024 SP - 80 EP - 105 PG - 26 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34831155 ID - 34831155 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Polyák, Gábor AU - Kövesdi, Veronika ED - do Vale, Helder Ferreira TI - Perspective chapter. Democracy beyond rationality TS - Democracy beyond rationality T2 - Democracy PB - IntechOpen CY - London SN - 9780854661800 PY - 2024 SP - 1 EP - 14 PG - 14 DO - 10.5772/intechopen.1003998 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34481435 ID - 34481435 AB - The ideal model of democracy is based on the assumption that voters make informed decisions on public issues on the basis of rational considerations, informed by arguments and deliberation. However, individuals obviously rely on their emotions as voters as much as consumers. This is not a new phenomenon, but the rise of digital and social media and the rise of populist politics in the 2010s have completely challenged the traditional understanding of democracy based on rational discourse. Building on the notion of the public sphere and the human rights jurisprudence that uses it, the chapter shows that the theoretical notion of democracy is inseparable from rational political discourse, and then examines how populism emerging within a democratic framework permanently dismantles this rational discourse. Populism is presented essentially as a political communication strategy, with its means and effects. Ultimately, the chapter seeks to answer the question of whether an emotionally overheated and thus extremely polarised society is still capable of solving its common problems within a democratic framework. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polyák, Gábor TI - Monitoring the independence of the media regulatory body as an effective enforcement mechanism for the implementation of the AVMSD JF - JOURNAL OF DIGITAL MEDIA & POLICY J2 - J Digital Media & Policy VL - 15 PY - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 81 EP - 99 PG - 19 SN - 2516-3523 DO - 10.1386/jdmp_00106_1 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33040726 ID - 33040726 AB - The revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) has brought about the long-awaited policy shift towards making the independence of regulatory bodies an explicit European legal requirement. At the same time, even on the points that it does regulate in detail, the AVMSD leaves many issues unresolved. Ultimately, it does not put the European Commission in a position either to verify whether national authorities are taking truly unbiased and impartial decisions or to enforce that they do. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Polyák, Gábor AU - Horváth, Kata ED - Bátorfy, Attila ED - Hermann, Veronika ED - Vécsey, Virág TI - Se nemzet, se konzultáció. Az állami propaganda jellegzetes eszköze az Orbán-rezsimben TS - Az állami propaganda jellegzetes eszköze az Orbán-rezsimben T2 - 60 szigorú PB - ELTE BTK Média és Kommunikáció Tanszék CY - Budapest SN - 9789634896258 PY - 2023 SP - 211 EP - 230 PG - 21 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34460016 ID - 34460016 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Polyák, Gábor ED - CAKIR SOMLYAI, ÖZGE TI - Szabad-e hazudni?. Véleményszabadság és dezinformáció TS - Véleményszabadság és dezinformáció T2 - A dezinformáció jelensége PB - Mérték Médiaelemző Műhely CY - Budapest SN - 9786156406125 T3 - Mérték füzetek, ISSN 2559-8937 ; 33.. PY - 2023 SP - 84 EP - 92 PG - 9 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34459906 ID - 34459906 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Polyák, Gábor TI - Az állami hirdetések szabályozása az Európai Médiaszabadság Törvény tervezetében JF - MÉDIAKUTATÓ: MÉDIAELMÉLETI FOLYÓIRAT J2 - MÉDIAKUTATÓ VL - 24 PY - 2023 IS - 3 SP - 51 EP - 56 PG - 6 SN - 1586-8389 DO - 10.55395/MK.2023.3.6 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34184493 ID - 34184493 AB - Az állami hirdetések mennyisége és diszkriminatív elosztása a magyar médiarendszer és médiaszabadság egyik legsúlyosabb problémája. Az Európai Médiaszabadság Törvény eredeti tervezete, valamint a Tanács és az Európai Parlament LIBE bizottságának módosító javaslatai a kontrollálatlan közpénzköltés visszafogásának fontos kísérletei. E tanulmány azt mutatja be, milyen megoldást kínál az európai szabályozási javaslat, és az hogyan értelmezhető az európai intézmények korábbi gyakorlata alapján. LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Urbán, Ágnes AU - Polyák, Gábor AU - Horváth, Kata TI - How Public Service Media Disinformation Shapes Hungarian Public Discourse JF - MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION J2 - MEDIA COMMUNICATION VL - 11 PY - 2023 IS - 4 SP - 62 EP - 72 PG - 11 SN - 2183-2439 DO - 10.17645/mac.v11i4.7148 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34161765 ID - 34161765 AB - The structure of the illiberal Hungarian media system is well documented. Fewer publications address the question of how disinformation is reshaping public discourse in Hungary. The most important feature of disinformation in Hungary is that it is often generated and disseminated by the pro-government media. This is certainly unusual, as in other EU countries it is typically the fringe media which are responsible for spreading disinformation. The Russian war against Ukraine illustrates how the disinformation ecosystem works in Hungary, and it also reveals its devastating impact on democratic public discourse. Public service media play a prominent role in spreading disinformation. We were able to identify several false narratives in the period of the first year since the start of the war. In the first few months of the war, a key element of disinformation that was being spread in Hungary suggested that Ukraine had provoked the armed conflict. Later, the prevailing message was that only Hungary wanted peace, while the Western powers were interested in a continuation of the war. During autumn, the focus of the disinformation campaign increasingly shifted to the EU, disseminating an anti-EU message that was more concerned with the sanctions than the war. The pro-government media constantly told news consumers that the economic difficulties and the rise in energy prices had not been caused by the war launched by Russia but by the sanctions that the EU had imposed in response to the aggression. Public opinion research clearly shows the impact of these narratives on the perceptions of the Hungarian public. The polls readily capture how the Hungarian public’s opinion has changed over time. This study is primarily based on a content analysis of the relevant shows of the M1 public television channel, but we have also relied on some insights from public opinion polls to inform our analysis. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - CHAP AU - Polyák, Gábor ED - Oreste, Pollicino TI - Hungary T2 - Freedom of Speech and the Regulation of Fake News PB - Intersentia CY - Cambridge SN - 9781839703560 T3 - Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law PY - 2023 SP - 275 EP - 318 PG - 44 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34133502 ID - 34133502 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - BOOK AU - Hann, Endre AU - Megyeri, Klára AU - Urbán, Ágnes AU - Horváth, Kata AU - Szávai, Petra AU - Polyák, Gábor TI - News islands in a polarised media system T3 - Mérték füzetek, ISSN 2559-8937 ; 30. PB - Mérték Médiaelemző Műhely CY - Budapest PY - 2023 SP - 57 SN - 9786156406101 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34079917 ID - 34079917 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - GEN AU - Polyák, Gábor AU - Urbán, Ágnes AU - Kovács, Ildikó AU - Zvěřina Trunkátová, Šárka AU - Krutišová, Marie AU - Zelenka, Marek AU - Kostelanský, Ľuboš AU - Kroková, Kristína AU - Piško, Michal AU - Batko, Katarzyna AU - Jakubowski, Krzysztof AU - Pietruszewsk, Krzysztof TI - The Crisis of Local Journalism in the V4 Countriesa and the Specific Role of Municipal Newspapers PY - 2023 PG - 55 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34068670 ID - 34068670 LA - English DB - MTMT ER -