@{MTMT:34481435,
	title = {Perspective chapter. Democracy beyond rationality},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34481435},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor and Kövesdi, Veronika},
	booktitle = {Democracy},
	doi = {10.5772/intechopen.1003998},
	unique-id = {34481435},
	abstract = {The ideal model of democracy is based on the assumption that voters make informed decisions on public issues on the basis of rational considerations, informed by arguments and deliberation. However, individuals obviously rely on their emotions as voters as much as consumers. This is not a new phenomenon, but the rise of digital and social media and the rise of populist politics in the 2010s have completely challenged the traditional understanding of democracy based on rational discourse. Building on the notion of the public sphere and the human rights jurisprudence that uses it, the chapter shows that the theoretical notion of democracy is inseparable from rational political discourse, and then examines how populism emerging within a democratic framework permanently dismantles this rational discourse. Populism is presented essentially as a political communication strategy, with its means and effects. Ultimately, the chapter seeks to answer the question of whether an emotionally overheated and thus extremely polarised society is still capable of solving its common problems within a democratic framework.},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {1-14},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@article{MTMT:33040726,
	title = {Monitoring the independence of the media regulatory body as an effective enforcement mechanism for the implementation of the AVMSD},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33040726},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor},
	doi = {10.1386/jdmp_00106_1},
	journal-iso = {J Digital Media & Policy},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF DIGITAL MEDIA & POLICY},
	volume = {15},
	unique-id = {33040726},
	issn = {2516-3523},
	abstract = {The revised Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) has brought about the long-awaited policy shift towards making the independence of regulatory bodies an explicit European legal requirement. At the same time, even on the points that it does regulate in detail, the AVMSD leaves many issues unresolved. Ultimately, it does not put the European Commission in a position either to verify whether national authorities are taking truly unbiased and impartial decisions or to enforce that they do.},
	year = {2024},
	eissn = {2516-3531},
	pages = {81-99},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@inbook{MTMT:34460016,
	title = {Se nemzet, se konzultáció. Az állami propaganda jellegzetes eszköze az Orbán-rezsimben},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34460016},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor and Horváth, Kata},
	booktitle = {60 szigorú},
	unique-id = {34460016},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {211-230},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373; Horváth, Kata/0000-0003-4829-8208}
}

@inbook{MTMT:34459906,
	title = {Szabad-e hazudni?. Véleményszabadság és dezinformáció},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34459906},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor},
	booktitle = {A dezinformáció jelensége},
	unique-id = {34459906},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {84-92},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@article{MTMT:34184493,
	title = {Az állami hirdetések szabályozása az Európai Médiaszabadság Törvény tervezetében},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34184493},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor},
	doi = {10.55395/MK.2023.3.6},
	journal-iso = {MÉDIAKUTATÓ},
	journal = {MÉDIAKUTATÓ: MÉDIAELMÉLETI FOLYÓIRAT},
	volume = {24},
	unique-id = {34184493},
	issn = {1586-8389},
	abstract = {Az állami hirdetések mennyisége és diszkriminatív elosztása a magyar médiarendszer és médiaszabadság egyik legsúlyosabb problémája. Az Európai Médiaszabadság Törvény eredeti tervezete, valamint a Tanács és az Európai Parlament LIBE bizottságának módosító javaslatai a kontrollálatlan közpénzköltés visszafogásának fontos kísérletei. E tanulmány azt mutatja be, milyen megoldást kínál az európai szabályozási javaslat, és az hogyan értelmezhető az európai intézmények korábbi gyakorlata alapján.},
	keywords = {transzparencia; médiaszabadság; EMFA; állami hirdetések; közpénzek felhasználása},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {51-56},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@article{MTMT:34161765,
	title = {How Public Service Media Disinformation Shapes Hungarian Public Discourse},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34161765},
	author = {Urbán, Ágnes and Polyák, Gábor and Horváth, Kata},
	doi = {10.17645/mac.v11i4.7148},
	journal-iso = {MEDIA COMMUNICATION},
	journal = {MEDIA AND COMMUNICATION},
	volume = {11},
	unique-id = {34161765},
	issn = {2183-2439},
	abstract = {The structure of the illiberal Hungarian media system is well documented. Fewer publications address the question of how disinformation is reshaping public discourse in Hungary. The most important feature of disinformation in Hungary is that it is often generated and disseminated by the pro-government media. This is certainly unusual, as in other EU countries it is typically the fringe media which are responsible for spreading disinformation. The Russian war against Ukraine illustrates how the disinformation ecosystem works in Hungary, and it also reveals its devastating impact on democratic public discourse. Public service media play a prominent role in spreading disinformation. We were able to identify several false narratives in the period of the first year since the start of the war. In the first few months of the war, a key element of disinformation that was being spread in Hungary suggested that Ukraine had provoked the armed conflict. Later, the prevailing message was that only Hungary wanted peace, while the Western powers were interested in a continuation of the war. During autumn, the focus of the disinformation campaign increasingly shifted to the EU, disseminating an anti-EU message that was more concerned with the sanctions than the war. The pro-government media constantly told news consumers that the economic difficulties and the rise in energy prices had not been caused by the war launched by Russia but by the sanctions that the EU had imposed in response to the aggression. Public opinion research clearly shows the impact of these narratives on the perceptions of the Hungarian public. The polls readily capture how the Hungarian public’s opinion has changed over time. This study is primarily based on a content analysis of the relevant shows of the M1 public television channel, but we have also relied on some insights from public opinion polls to inform our analysis.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2183-2439},
	pages = {62-72},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373; Horváth, Kata/0000-0003-4829-8208}
}

@inbook{MTMT:34133502,
	title = {Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34133502},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor},
	booktitle = {Freedom of Speech and the Regulation of Fake News},
	unique-id = {34133502},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {275-318},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@book{MTMT:34079917,
	title = {News islands in a polarised media system},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34079917},
	isbn = {9786156406101},
	author = {Hann, Endre and Megyeri, Klára and Urbán, Ágnes and Horváth, Kata and Szávai, Petra and Polyák, Gábor},
	publisher = {Mérték Médiaelemző Műhely},
	unique-id = {34079917},
	year = {2023},
	orcid-numbers = {Horváth, Kata/0000-0003-4829-8208; Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@techreport{MTMT:34068670,
	title = {The Crisis of Local Journalism in the V4 Countriesa and the Specific Role of Municipal Newspapers},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34068670},
	author = {Polyák, Gábor and Urbán, Ágnes and Kovács, Ildikó and Zvěřina Trunkátová, Šárka and Krutišová, Marie and Zelenka, Marek and Kostelanský, Ľuboš and Kroková, Kristína and Piško, Michal and Batko, Katarzyna and Jakubowski, Krzysztof and Pietruszewsk, Krzysztof},
	unique-id = {34068670},
	year = {2023},
	orcid-numbers = {Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}

@book{MTMT:34066378,
	title = {Tájékozódási szigetek egy polarilzált médiarendszerben},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34066378},
	isbn = {9786156406095},
	author = {Hann, Endre and Megyeri, Klára and Urbán, Ágnes and Horváth, Kata and Szávai, Petra and Polyák, Gábor},
	publisher = {Mérték Médiaelemző Műhely},
	unique-id = {34066378},
	year = {2023},
	orcid-numbers = {Horváth, Kata/0000-0003-4829-8208; Polyák, Gábor/0000-0001-9747-4373}
}