@article{MTMT:34763422,
	title = {HABARCSOK A KESZTHELY-FENÉKPUSZTAI KÉSŐ RÓMAI ERŐDBŐL: A PETROGRÁFIAI-GEOKÉMIAI ÉS MÉRNÖKGEOLÓGIAI VIZSGÁLATOK EREDMÉNYEI = MORTAR SAMPLES FROM THE LATE ROMAN FORTRESS OF KESZTHELYFENÉKPUSZTA: RESULTS OF PETROGRAPHIC-GEOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL ANALYSES},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34763422},
	author = {Józsa, Sándor and Pintér, Farkas and Török, Ákos and Heinrich-Tamáska, Orsolya},
	doi = {10.55023/issn.1786-271X.2024-014},
	journal-iso = {ARCHEOMETRIAI MŰHELY},
	journal = {ARCHEOMETRIAI MŰHELY},
	volume = {21},
	unique-id = {34763422},
	issn = {1786-271X},
	abstract = {The Roman fortress of Keszthely-Fenékpuszta, built in the 4th century AD, was located at the western edge of Lake Balaton on a peninsula bordered by open water and marshy peat bogs. The well-protected fortification played a significant infrastructural role, due to the fact that the lake could be crossed here along a main north-south road of Pannonia. Archaeological excavations started in 2009 had the primary goal to clarify the location, floor plan and dating of individual buildings (nos. 24, 25 and 27). Based on petrographic, geochemical, and engineering geological investigations of mortars used in the constructions, we were able to gain insight into the possibilities of answering certain archaeological questions with geoarchaeometric methods. Mortar samples were systematically collected from the different locations representing the functions and construction phases. Based on the archaeological research three chronological groups (I.-III: end of 3rd c. to early 7th c. AD) were distinguished; two of them belong to the late Roman Period (I.-II.) and one (III.) to the Migration Period. The aggregates of the mortars were analyzed by polarized light microscopy and thermoanalytical method. The chemical examination of the binder was carried out by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, water absorption, density and compressive strength of the mortars were also determined. Based on the results, we can conclude that the mortars of all three periods are of air lime nature containing Mg and Si impurities and both the binders and additives were produced using local raw materials rich in dolomite components. The higher compressive strength values of the mortars of the 3rd period (late 5th to early 7th c. AD) are probably due to the slightly different composition of the binder, or they can also be explained by the static role of the selected pillars. © by the author(s)},
	keywords = {ARCHAEOLOGY; Geochemistry; Petrography; Binder; Mortar; aggregate; Engineering geology},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {161-182},
	orcid-numbers = {Józsa, Sándor/0000-0001-8219-0044; Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@article{MTMT:34189127,
	title = {Magaspartok állékonyságelemzése : Mérnökgeológiai modell alkotás és numerikus analízis egy magyarországi példán bemutatva},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34189127},
	author = {Kápolnainé Nagy-Göde, Fruzsina and Horváth-Kálmán, Eszter and Török, Ákos},
	doi = {10.1556/096.2023.00104},
	journal-iso = {ÉPÍTÉS-ÉPÍTÉSZETTUDOMÁNY},
	journal = {ÉPÍTÉS-ÉPÍTÉSZETTUDOMÁNY},
	volume = {51},
	unique-id = {34189127},
	issn = {0013-9661},
	abstract = {A meredek és instabil lejtők komoly műszaki problémákat okoznak, felszínmozgások miatt veszélyeztetnek településeket és infrastrukturális létesítményeket. A tanulmány egy kritikus régióban, a Balaton-part közelében elhelyezkedő magaspartok stabilitásának vizsgálatát foglalja össze. A bemutatott lejtő stabilitáselemzését különböző szoftverekkel – Plaxis, Geo5 és Slide2 – végeztük el, és összehasonlítottuk a kapott eredményeket állékonyság szempontjából. A modellezésből kiderült, hogy a magaspartok stabilitása nem éri el a szükséges biztonságot. Két fő azonosított tönkremeneteli módot lehetett elkülöníteni, melyek közül az egyik a talpponti, kissé alámetsző, összetettebb geometriával jellemezhető körcsúszólap, míg a másik a lejtő tetején az eróziós folyamatok miatt bekövetkező kisebb mozgás, lokális tönkremenetel. A számítások eredményeképpen a biztonság növelhető, megfelelően kialakított monitoring rendszerek segítségével.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1588-2764},
	pages = {397-410},
	orcid-numbers = {Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@inproceedings{MTMT:34184009,
	title = {Mechanical behavior of granitic rocks under elevated temperatures: implications for underground radioactive waste disposal safety and tunnelling},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34184009},
	author = {Németh, Andor and Török, Ákos},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the ISRM 15th International Congress on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering & 72nd Geomechanics Colloquium},
	unique-id = {34184009},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {3013-3018},
	orcid-numbers = {Németh, Andor/0000-0002-8343-9937; Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@article{MTMT:34110004,
	title = {Statistical analysis of heat-induced rock physics and mineralogical alteration processes of monzogranite samples from Bátaapáti, Hungary},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34110004},
	author = {Németh, Andor and Török, Ákos},
	doi = {10.1007/s13137-023-00234-9},
	journal-iso = {GEM - INT J GEOMATHEMATICS},
	journal = {GEM - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON GEOMATHEMATICS},
	volume = {14},
	unique-id = {34110004},
	issn = {1869-2672},
	abstract = {Heat-induced physical changes of rocks, as would happen in fire accidents, have crucial importance in the long-term stability of underground openings such as tunnels or radioactive waste disposal chambers. The thermal behaviour of monzogranite from the Radioactive waste repository of Bátaapáti (Hungary) was studied in that context. Room temperature (22 °C) and a series of high temperature (250 °C, 375 °C, 500 °C, 625 °C, 750 °C) heat-treated samples were tested. P and S- ultrasound pulse velocity, bulk density, Duroskop rebound, uniaxial compressive strength, and modulus of elasticity were measured and compared, detecting temperature-related changes. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Median tests were carried out to analyze the heat-induced rock mechanical and mineralogical alteration processes. Based on these results using the data set of physical parameters, it is possible to predict the heating temperature of granitic rocks when the firing or heat stress conditions are unknown. Additionally, the data could be utilized for design and monitoring systems in underground repositories or tunnel systems constructed in granitic rock settings globally. The study demonstrated that significant alteration occurs above 500 °C; all studied rock-mechanical parameters decreased rapidly. These changes are linked to the thermal expansion, micro-cracking in micro-fabric, and volumetric increase and fragmentation of quartz inversion. Consequently, the propagation velocities of P- and S-waves also decreased significantly. Bulk density and Duroskop surface strength significantly decreased above 375 °C, while uniaxial compressive strength and modulus of elasticity dropped drastically at 750 °C after a linear decrease.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1869-2680},
	orcid-numbers = {Németh, Andor/0000-0002-8343-9937; Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@article{MTMT:34105794,
	title = {Relationship between Rock Porosity and Infrared Cooling Rate in Non-Standard Specimens of Tuffs Used in the Hungarian Cultural Heritage},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34105794},
	author = {Mineo, Simone and Germinario, Luigi and Török, Ákos and Pappalardo, Giovanna},
	doi = {10.3390/min13081100},
	journal-iso = {MINERALS-BASEL},
	journal = {MINERALS},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {34105794},
	abstract = {This paper is focused on the application of Infrared Thermography to non-standard rock specimens, in terms of size and deterioration conditions, of Hungarian tuff to monitor their cooling process and to look for a relationship between the rock Cooling Rate Index and the porosity. Literature data agree on the potential of Infrared Thermography for the indirect estimation of rock porosity in fresh specimens through the IRTest, but this technique has never been tested on non-standard specimens. To this purpose, tests on three varieties of Hungarian tuffs were carried out. These materials were selected for their cultural importance linked to their usage as building stones and in other historical applications in Northern Hungary. Tuff specimens underwent a fixed number of salt crystallization cycles. The Cooling Rate Index (CRI) for each specimen was calculated according to the literature experience and correlated to their porosity estimated by water, helium, and mercury intrusion. The results show that the rock cooling process is related to porosity since more porous rocks are characterized by faster cooling. Positive linear trends were achieved for weathered specimens considering 20 min monitoring (CRI20), which is double the time suitable for untreated rocks. The reason should be searched in salt crystallization’s effects on the rock texture, paving the way to further studies on this pioneering branch of technological application.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2075-163X},
	pages = {1100},
	orcid-numbers = {Mineo, Simone/0000-0002-7055-4434; Germinario, Luigi/0000-0002-3879-3689; Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510; Pappalardo, Giovanna/0000-0002-4979-0459}
}

@article{MTMT:34093135,
	title = {Geological Strength Index Relationships with the Q-System and Q-Slope},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34093135},
	author = {Narimani Ghourtlar, Samad and Davarpanah, Seyed Morteza and Bar, Neil and Török, Ákos and Vásárhelyi, Balázs},
	doi = {10.3390/su151411233},
	journal-iso = {SUSTAINABILITY-BASEL},
	journal = {SUSTAINABILITY},
	volume = {15},
	unique-id = {34093135},
	abstract = {The Q-system and Q-slope are empirical methods developed for classifying and assessing rock masses for tunneling, underground mining, and rock slope engineering. Both methods have been used extensively to guide appropriate ground support design for underground excavations and stable angles for rock slopes. Using datasets obtained from igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock slopes from various regions worldwide, this research investigates different relationships between the geological strength index (GSI) and the Q-system and Q-slope. It also presents relationships between chart-derived GSI with GSI estimations from RMR89 and Q' during drill core logging or traverse mapping. Statistical analysis was used to assess the reliability of the suggested correlations to determine the validity of the produced equations. The research demonstrated that the proposed equations provide appropriate values for the root mean squared error value (RMSE), the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), the mean absolute error (MAE), and the coefficient of determination (R-squared). These relationships provide appropriate regression coefficients, and it was identified that correlations were stronger when considering metamorphic rocks rather than other rocks. Moreover, considering all rock types together, achieved correlations are remarkable.},
	keywords = {MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; Rock mass classification; Environmental Sciences; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY; Q-SYSTEM; Q-slope},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2071-1050},
	orcid-numbers = {Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510; Vásárhelyi, Balázs/0000-0002-0568-1031}
}

@article{MTMT:34047321,
	title = {Back-Analysis of Rock Mass Strength at a Radioactive Waste Disposal Site Using Acoustic Emission Monitoring Data and 3D Numerical Modelling},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34047321},
	author = {Deák, Ferenc and Perras, Matthew A. and Szűcs, István and Török, Ákos},
	doi = {10.3390/en16124686},
	journal-iso = {ENERGIES},
	journal = {ENERGIES},
	volume = {16},
	unique-id = {34047321},
	issn = {1996-1073},
	abstract = {In this study, a new method was examined that used acoustic emission (AE) monitoring data, in combination with a primary Boundary Element stress analysis, to back-calculate rock mass strength. The presented AE data came from the National Radioactive Waste Repository (NRWR) for low- and intermediate-level waste (LLW/ILW). AE monitoring is able to detect the pre-peak, peak, and post-peak stress changes in rock mass. The presented method used AE monitoring data to back-calculate parameters, such as uniaxial compressive strength and the rock mass deformation modulus. The AE initiation threshold was used to develop an objective function that considered the stress in the rock mass and the rock mass strength. The findings of this research propose that most AE events can be related to the crack initiation threshold, and in space, most of them are located at points away from the excavated walls. In the vicinity of the excavation damage zones around the cavities, the stress conditions beyond the crack damage boundary of the rock mass occur in many areas, leading to significant irreversible deformations. This novel method was demonstrated to aid in the prediction of rock mass strength and is a valuable, non-invasive method for improving the spatial prediction of rock mass parameters, which will lead to safer underground storage facilities.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1996-1073},
	orcid-numbers = {Deák, Ferenc/0009-0003-4908-4866; Perras, Matthew A./0000-0003-4598-9951; Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@article{MTMT:33866281,
	title = {Innovative approaches and techniques for the study of geomaterials in cultural heritage— VSI Foreword},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33866281},
	author = {Germinario, L. and Török, Ákos and Vázquez, P.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.culher.2023.05.011},
	journal-iso = {J CULT HERIT},
	journal = {JOURNAL OF CULTURAL HERITAGE},
	volume = {62},
	unique-id = {33866281},
	issn = {1296-2074},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1778-3674},
	pages = {1-2},
	orcid-numbers = {Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@article{MTMT:33848355,
	title = {Stone materials of the late twelfth-century incrustation works of Esztergom},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33848355},
	author = {Fehér, Krisztina and Takács, Imre and Török, Ákos},
	doi = {10.1556/170.2022.00004},
	journal-iso = {ACTA HIST ARTIUM ACAD SCI HUNG},
	journal = {ACTA HISTORIAE ARTIUM ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE},
	volume = {63},
	unique-id = {33848355},
	issn = {0001-5830},
	abstract = {The paper deals with the material analysis of four emblematic stone fragments from Saint Adalbert Cathedral and the Royal Palace of Esztergom from King Béla III’s era. All of the four examined objects (two fragments from the Porta speciosa and two throne arm-rests) have incrustations with red limestone basement and other colourful stone pieces. As red limestone is a well-known material in Hungarian art history with a rich historiography, the paper focuses on the findings of the analyses of other stone materials of the incrustations. The research contains several non-destructive analytical methods, such as relative humidity measurement, macroscopic and microscopic photography and X-ray fluorescence with lithologic description. Besides the comparative analysis of the stone materials, archive documents, the current state and the impacts of subsequent restorations of the four stone artefacts were also studied.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {1588-2608},
	pages = {177-191},
	orcid-numbers = {Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}

@{MTMT:33828518,
	title = {Gránitos Kőzetkörnyezet Ásványtani és Kőzetmechanikai átalakulása hőkezelés hatására},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33828518},
	author = {Németh, Andor and Török, Ákos},
	booktitle = {XXVI. Tavaszi Szél Konferencia 2023 : Absztrakt kötet},
	unique-id = {33828518},
	year = {2023},
	pages = {20-20},
	orcid-numbers = {Németh, Andor/0000-0002-8343-9937; Török, Ákos/0000-0002-5394-4510}
}