TY - JOUR AU - Reichardt, Richárd AU - Király, Anna AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes AU - Racsmány, Mihály AU - Simor, Péter Dániel TI - A daytime nap with REM sleep is linked to enhanced generalization of emotional stimuli JF - JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH J2 - J SLEEP RES PY - 2024 PG - 9 SN - 0962-1105 DO - 10.1111/jsr.14177 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34714207 ID - 34714207 AB - How memory representations are shaped during and after their encoding is a central question in the study of human memory. Recognition responses to stimuli that are similar to those observed previously can hint at the fidelity of the memories or point to processes of generalization at the expense of precise memory representations. Experimental studies utilizing this approach showed that emotions and sleep both influence these responses. Sleep, and more specifically rapid eye movement sleep, is assumed to facilitate the generalization of emotional memories. We studied mnemonic discrimination by the emotional variant of the Mnemonic Separation Task in participants (N = 113) who spent a daytime nap between learning and testing compared with another group that spent an equivalent time awake between the two sessions. Our findings indicate that the discrimination of similar but previously not seen items from previously seen ones is enhanced in case of negative compared with neutral and positive stimuli. Moreover, whereas the sleep and the wake groups did not differ in memory performance, participants entering rapid eye movement sleep exhibited increased generalization of emotional memories. Our findings indicate that entering into rapid eye movement sleep during a daytime nap shapes emotional memories in a way that enhances recognition at the expense of detailed memory representations. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Racsmány, Mihály AU - Pajkossy, Péter AU - László, S. AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes TI - A Verbális Epizodikus Memória Teszt [Verbal Episodic Memory Test] JF - IDEGGYOGYASZATI SZEMLE / CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE J2 - IDEGGYOGY SZEMLE VL - 76 PY - 2023 IS - 5-6 SP - 159 EP - 171 PG - 19 SN - 0019-1442 DO - 10.18071/ISZ.76.0159 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33706761 ID - 33706761 N1 - Budapesti Muszaki És Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, Természettudományi Kar, Kognitív Tudományi Tanszék, Budapest, Hungary Eötvös Loránd Kutatási Hálózat, Természettudományi Kutatóközpont, Kognitív Idegtudományi És Pszichológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Interdiszciplinaris Kutatas-fejlesztesi Es Innovacios Kivalosagi Kozpont, Élo Természettudományok Klaszter, Kognitív Medicina Kompetencia Központ, Szeged, Hungary Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Bölcsészet- És Társadalomtudományi Kar, Pszichológiai Intézet, Szeged, Hungary Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Interdiszciplináris Orvostudományok Doktori Iskola, Szeged, Hungary Export Date: 20 July 2023 CODEN: IDSZA Correspondence Address: Racsmány, M.; Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Egyetem u. 2., Hungary; email: racsmany.mihaly@szte.hu AB - Háttér és cél – Az epizodikus emlékezet hanyatlása az enyhe kognitív zavar és a különböző hátterű dementiák egyik legkorábbi kognitív markere. Magyar nyelven szinte alig van elérhető, standardizált, a magyar nyelv sajátságait figyelembe vevő epizodikusmemória-teszt. A tanulmány egy új emlékezeti vizsgálóeszközt, a Verbális Epizodikus Memória Tesztet (VEMT) mutatja be, ismertetve a teszt felépítését, standardizált használatát, valamint a teszt magyarországi normatív adatait. Módszerek – A VEMT tágabban a verbális információkkal kapcsolatos tanulási képességek átfogó vizsgálatára szolgál, míg specifikusabban szólisták tanulásával kapcsolatos képességek mérésére alkalmas neuropszichológiai diagnosztikai eszköz. Jelen vizsgálatunkban egy 385 fős normatív adatbázist állítottunk össze. Eredmények – Kimutattuk, hogy a VEMT érzékeny azon demográfiai mutatók hatásaira, amelyek kapcsán eltéréseket várunk az epizodikus emlékezet működésében (például életkor). A teszt szabadon hozzáférhető, és a jelen mintán megállapított normatív adatokat is közöljük mellékletben. Következtetés – A teszt mutatói alkalmasak tanulási görbe felrajzolására, az újonnan és régebben tanult információk egymásra hatásának (interferenciájának) kimutatására, a szabad, illetve a hívóingerrel történő felidézés közötti különbségek mérésére. Továbbá a teszteredmények lehetőséget adnak a különböző típusú emlékezeti kódolási formák (fonológiai, szemantikai, epizodikus) hatásainak megkülönböztetésére, a bemutatási sorrend emlékezeti rekonstrukciós képességének mérésére (emlékezeti sorrendi információ), a felejtési ütem kimutatására, a felismerési képességek mérésére, valamint a hippocampus működéséhez kapcsolódó emlékezeti mintázat kiegészítés és megkülönböztetés folyamatainak feltárására. LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pajkossy, Péter AU - Gesztesi, G. AU - Racsmány, Mihály TI - How uncertain are you? Disentangling expected and unexpected uncertainty in pupil-linked brain arousal during reversal learning JF - COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE J2 - COGN AFFECT BEHAV NE VL - 23 PY - 2023 IS - 3 SP - 578 EP - 599 PG - 22 SN - 1530-7026 DO - 10.3758/s13415-023-01072-w UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33674002 ID - 33674002 N1 - Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp 3, Budapest, 1111, Hungary Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Center for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary CODEN: CABNC Correspondence Address: Pajkossy, P.; Department of Cognitive Science, Műegyetem rkp 3, Hungary; email: pajkossy.peter@ttk.bme.hu AB - During decision making, we are continuously faced with two sources of uncertainty regarding the links between stimuli, our actions, and outcomes. On the one hand, our expectations are often probabilistic, that is, stimuli or actions yield the expected outcome only with a certain probability (expected uncertainty). On the other hand, expectations might become invalid due to sudden, unexpected changes in the environment (unexpected uncertainty). Several lines of research show that pupil-linked brain arousal is a sensitive indirect measure of brain mechanisms underlying uncertainty computations. Thus, we investigated whether it is involved in disentangling these two forms of uncertainty. To this aim, we measured pupil size during a probabilistic reversal learning task. In this task, participants had to figure out which of two response options led to reward with higher probability, whereby sometimes the identity of the more advantageous response option was switched. Expected uncertainty was manipulated by varying the reward probability of the advantageous choice option, whereas the level of unexpected uncertainty was assessed by using a Bayesian computational model estimating change probability and resulting uncertainty. We found that both aspects of unexpected uncertainty influenced pupil responses, confirming that pupil-linked brain arousal is involved in model updating after unexpected changes in the environment. Furthermore, high level of expected uncertainty impeded the detection of sudden changes in the environment, both on physiological and behavioral level. These results emphasize the role of pupil-linked brain arousal and underlying neural structures in handling situations in which the previously established contingencies are no longer valid. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Gilbert, Liz T. AU - Delaney, Peter F. AU - Racsmány, Mihály TI - People Sometimes Remember to Forget: Strategic Retrieval From the List Before Last Enables Directed Forgetting of the Most Recent Information JF - JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-LEARNING MEMORY AND COGNITION J2 - J EXP PSYCHOL LEARN VL - 49 PY - 2023 IS - 6 SP - 900 EP - 925 PG - 26 SN - 0278-7393 DO - 10.1037/xlm0001178 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33194024 ID - 33194024 N1 - Export Date: 8 November 2022 CODEN: JPHMD Correspondence Address: Gilbert, L.T.; Department of Psychology, United States; email: etgilbe2@uncg.edu AB - List-method directed forgetting usually involves asking people to study a list, followed by a cue to forget it, and then studying a second list. Prior work suggests that List 2 encoding is necessary for directed forgetting to occur, but recent studies have found that moving the forget cue from List 1 to List 2 allows people to selectively forget List 2. These results were attributed to an inhibitory mechanism. In four experiments, we aimed to replicate these findings and provide an alternative explanation based on the list-before-the-last paradigm. We propose that in the forget condition, participants may strategically retrieve List 1 in response to the forget cue, contributing to selective forgetting. Previous research suggests that explicit retrieval of earlier-leaned information causes a contextual shift, resulting in forgetting of target information. Verbal reports from Experiments 1 and 2 indicated that participants often covertly select a retrieval strategy to forget the most recent list. In Experiment 3, explicit instructions to retrieve resulted in significant forgetting. Directly manipulating forgetting strategy between participants in Experiment 4 suggested that retrieval may be one of several effective mechanisms to forget recently-encountered information. In the retrieval conditions, the data support our claim that in the absence of explicit postcue encoding, people can strategically retrieve earlier-learned information to forget. This novel forgetting mechanism is probably also used outside of the laboratory to "roll back" memory for incorrect information. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes AU - Pajkossy, Péter AU - Bencze, Dorottya Franciska AU - Marián, Miklós AU - Racsmány, Mihály TI - Litmus test of rich episodic representations: Context-induced false recognition JF - COGNITION J2 - COGNITION VL - 230 PY - 2023 PG - 9 SN - 0010-0277 DO - 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105287 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33126959 ID - 33126959 N1 - Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary Centre for Cognitive Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Institute of Psychology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary Export Date: 5 October 2022 CODEN: CGTNA Correspondence Address: Szőllősi, Á.Egry József utca 1, Hungary; email: szollosi.agnes@ttk.bme.hu AB - Context-dependent episodic memory is typically investigated using tasks in which retrieval occurs either in the reinstated context of encoding or in a completely new context. A fundamental question of episodic memory models is the level of detail in episodic memory representations containing contextual information about the encoded event. The present study examined whether memory is affected when the contexts of encoding and retrieval are highly similar but not exactly the same. At encoding, participants saw unique object images pre-sented on the background of unique context scene images. On a surprise recognition test, the objects were either old or visually similar to ones seen at encoding (lure stimuli). The objects were presented on either the old or a lure context image; the lure context image was visually similar to the corresponding object's encoding context. Context reinstatement increased the hit rate for the old objects, but also increased the false alarm for the lure objects. This latter finding indicates that the presence of the encoding context at test does not always aid recognition memory decisions. These results suggest that slight visual differences between the contexts of encoding and retrieval matter, as context reinstatement leads to a tendency to respond Old even in case of small differences in the old and lure contexts. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vass, Ágota AU - Becske, Melinda AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes AU - Racsmány, Mihály AU - Polner, Bertalan Kristóf TI - Positive schizotypy is associated with amplified mnemonic discrimination and attenuated generalization JF - EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE J2 - EUR ARCH PSY CLIN N VL - 273 PY - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 447 EP - 458 PG - 12 SN - 0940-1334 DO - 10.1007/s00406-022-01430-8 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32850789 ID - 32850789 N1 - Funding Agency and Grant Number: Budapest University of Technology and Economics; BME-Biotechnology FIKP grant of EMMI (BME FIKP-BIO); National Research, Development and Innovation Office [NKFI/OTKA K 128599]; Research Grant (Hungarian Brain Research Program) [2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002]; NKFI (National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary) [K124098]; Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund [UNKP-20-4-II-BME-13] Funding text: Open access funding provided by Budapest University of Technology and Economics. BP was supported by the BME-Biotechnology FIKP grant of EMMI (BME FIKP-BIO), and by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFI/OTKA K 128599). MR and AS were supported by the 2017-1.2.1-NKP-2017-00002 Research Grant (Hungarian Brain Research Program) and by the NKFI (National Research, Development and Innovation Office, Hungary) K124098 Research Grant. AS was supported by the UNKP-20-4-II-BME-13 New National Excellence Program of the Ministry for Innovation and Technology from the source of the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund. The funding sources had no role in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. AB - Tendency to experience inaccurate beliefs alongside perceptual anomalies constitutes positive schizotypal traits in the general population and shows continuity with the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. It has been hypothesized that the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia, and by extension, the odd beliefs and unusual perceptual experiences in the general population, are associated with specific alterations in memory functions. An imbalance between memory generalization and episodic memory specificity has been proposed on several counts; however, the direction of the imbalance is currently unclear. Here, we evaluated the association between positive schizotypy, and memory alterations related to hippocampal computations in a general population sample enriched for positive schizotypy. We found that memory generalization is attenuated while memory specificity is elevated in participants with more pronounced positive schizotypal traits. Our findings show that people who are prone to irrational beliefs and unusual experiences also show measurable alterations in memory and likely have difficulty grasping the global picture and rather be overpowered by fragments of information. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szendi, István AU - Pajkossy, Péter AU - Bagi, A. AU - Marián, Miklós AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes AU - Racsmány, Mihály TI - A disorder in executive functions crosses traditional diagnostic borders of the schizophrenia-bipolar spectrum JF - EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY J2 - EUR PSYCHIAT VL - 65 PY - 2022 IS - S1 SP - S153 EP - S153 PG - 1 SN - 0924-9338 DO - 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.412 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33704324 ID - 33704324 N1 - Supplement: 1 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Vass, Ágota AU - Becske, Melinda AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes AU - Racsmány, Mihály AU - Polner, Bertalan Kristóf TI - Positive schizotypy is associated with amplified mnemonic discrimination and attenuated generalization JF - EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY J2 - EUR PSYCHIAT VL - 65 PY - 2022 IS - S1 SP - S152 EP - S152 PG - 1 SN - 0924-9338 DO - 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.409 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33704323 ID - 33704323 N1 - Supplement: 1 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Reichardt, Richárd AU - Szőllősi, Ágnes AU - Racsmány, Mihály AU - Simor, Péter Dániel TI - Daytime napping promotes the reorganization of emotional memory representations JF - JOURNAL OF SLEEP RESEARCH J2 - J SLEEP RES VL - 31 PY - 2022 IS - S1 PG - 1 SN - 0962-1105 DO - 10.1111/jsr.13740 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33219849 ID - 33219849 N1 - Supplement: 1 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szendi, István AU - Bagi, Anita AU - Szalóki, Szilvia AU - Hallgató, Emese AU - Domján, Nóra AU - Kanka, Andor AU - Gál, Bernadett Ildikó AU - Karcher, Éva AU - Pásztor, H AU - Jenei, T AU - Bóna, Orsolya AU - Kovács, Csenge AU - Pejin, Andrea AU - Daróczy, Judit AU - Diósi, Á AU - Pajkossy, Péter AU - Polner, Bertalan Kristóf AU - Demeter, Gyula AU - Racsmány, Mihály AU - Baradits, Máté AU - Búzás, Andás AU - Dér, András AU - Gingl, Zoltán AU - Gyimóthy, Tibor TI - Premorbid screening of healthy students may carry latent liability for schizophrenia or bipolar affective disorder with neurocognitive and neurophenomenological methods JF - EUROPEAN PSYCHIATRY J2 - EUR PSYCHIAT VL - 65 PY - 2022 IS - S1 SP - S683 EP - S683 SN - 0924-9338 DO - 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1758 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33082972 ID - 33082972 N1 - Supplement: 1 LA - English DB - MTMT ER -