@article{MTMT:34147172,
	title = {Antimicrobial Peptides (AMP) in the Cell-Free Culture Media of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii Exert Anti-Protist Activity against Eukaryotic Vertebrate Pathogens including Histomonas meleagridis and Leishmania donovani Species},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34147172},
	author = {Fodor, András and Hess, Claudia and Ganas, Petra and Boros, Zsófia and Kiss, János and Makrai, László and Dublecz, Károly and Pál, László and Fodor, László and Sebestyén, Anna and Klein, Michael G. and Tarasco, Eustachio and Kulkarni, Manjusha M. and McGwire, Bradford S. and Vellai, Tibor and Hess, Michael},
	doi = {10.3390/antibiotics12091462},
	journal-iso = {ANTIBIOTICS-BASEL},
	journal = {ANTIBIOTICS},
	volume = {12},
	unique-id = {34147172},
	abstract = {Anti-microbial peptides provide a powerful toolkit for combating multidrug resistance. Combating eukaryotic pathogens is complicated because the intracellular drug targets in the eukaryotic pathogen are frequently homologs of cellular structures of vital importance in the host organism. The entomopathogenic bacteria (EPB), symbionts of entomopathogenic–nematode species, release a series of non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides. Some may be potential drug candidates. The ability of an entomopathogenic–nematode/entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotic complex to survive in a given polyxenic milieu is a coevolutionary product. This explains that those gene complexes that are responsible for the biosynthesis of different non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial protective peptides (including those that are potently capable of inactivating the protist mammalian pathogen Leishmania donovanii and the gallinaceous bird pathogen Histomonas meleagridis) are co-regulated. Our approach is based on comparative anti-microbial bioassays of the culture media of the wild-type and regulatory mutant strains. We concluded that Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii are excellent sources of non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides that are efficient antagonists of the mentioned pathogens. Data on selective cytotoxicity of different cell-free culture media encourage us to forecast that the recently discovered “easy-PACId” research strategy is suitable for constructing entomopathogenic-bacterium (EPB) strains producing and releasing single, harmless, non-ribosomal templated anti-microbial peptides with considerable drug, (probiotic)-candidate potential.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2079-6382},
	orcid-numbers = {Fodor, András/0000-0003-3495-0154; Hess, Claudia/0000-0002-3535-5157; Kiss, János/0000-0002-0506-5474; Fodor, László/0000-0003-2711-0229; Sebestyén, Anna/0000-0001-8814-4794; Tarasco, Eustachio/0000-0001-6310-186X; Vellai, Tibor/0000-0002-3520-2572}
}

@article{MTMT:34111344,
	title = {Metabolites of Xenorhabdus bacteria are potent candidates for mitigating amphibian chytridiomycosis},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34111344},
	author = {Ujszegi, János and Boros, Zsófia and Fodor, András and Vajna, Balázs and Hettyey, Attila},
	doi = {10.1186/s13568-023-01585-0},
	journal-iso = {AMB EXPRESS},
	journal = {AMB EXPRESS},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {34111344},
	issn = {2191-0855},
	abstract = {Chytridiomycosis, caused by the chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), has caused extreme losses in amphibian biodiversity. Finding bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties may turn out to be invaluable in the fight against this devastating disease. The entomopathogenic bacteria, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii and X. budapestensis produce secondary metabolites that are effective against a wide range of fungal plant pathogens. To assess whether they may also be effective against Bd, we extracted cell-free culture media (CFCM) from liquid cultures of X. szentirmaii and X. budapestensis and tested their ability to inhibit Bd growth in vitro. As a second step, using juvenile common toads ( Bufo bufo ) experimentally infected with Bd we also tested the in vivo antifungal efficacy of X. szentirmaii CFCM diluted to 2 and 10% (v/v), while also assessing possible malign side effects on amphibians. Results of the in vitro experiment documented highly effective growth inhibition by CFCMs of both Xenorhabdus species. The in vivo experiment showed that treatment with CFCM of X. szentirmaii applied at a dilution of 10% resulted in infection intensities reduced by ca. 73% compared to controls and to juvenile toads treated with CFCM applied at a dilution of 2%. At the same time, we detected no negative side effects of treatment with CFCM on toad survival and development. Our results clearly support the idea that metabolites of X. szentirmaii , and perhaps of several other Xenorhabdus species as well, may prove highly useful for the treatment of Bd infected amphibians.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2191-0855},
	orcid-numbers = {Vajna, Balázs/0000-0002-5604-7997}
}

@article{MTMT:33704277,
	title = {XENOFOOD—An Autoclaved Feed Supplement Containing Autoclavable Antimicrobial Peptides—Exerts Anticoccidial GI Activity, and Causes Bursa Enlargement, but Has No Detectable Harmful Effects in Broiler Cockerels despite In Vitro Detectable Cytotoxicity on LHM Cells},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33704277},
	author = {Fodor, András and Vellai, Tibor and Hess, Claudia and Makrai, László and Dublecz, Károly and Pál, László and Molnár, Andor and Klein, Michael G. and Tarasco, Eustachio and Józsa, Sándor and Ganas, Petra and Hess, Michael},
	doi = {10.3390/pathogens12030458},
	journal-iso = {PATHOGENS},
	journal = {PATHOGENS},
	volume = {12},
	unique-id = {33704277},
	abstract = {Entomopathogenic bacteria are obligate symbionts of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) species. These bacteria biosynthesize and release non-ribosomal-templated hybrid peptides (NR-AMPs), with strong, and large-spectral antimicrobial potential, capable of inactivating pathogens belonging to different prokaryote, and eukaryote taxa. The cell-free conditioned culture media (CFCM) of Xenorhabdus budapestensis and X. szentirmaii efficiently inactivate poultry pathogens like Clostridium, Histomonas, and Eimeria. To learn whether a bio-preparation containing antimicrobial peptides of Xenorhabdus origin with accompanying (in vitro detectable) cytotoxic effects could be considered a safely applicable preventive feed supplement, we conducted a 42-day feeding experiment on freshly hatched broiler cockerels. XENOFOOD (containing autoclaved X. budapestensis, and X. szentirmaii cultures developed on chicken food) were consumed by the birds. The XENOFOOD exerted detectable gastrointestinal (GI) activity (reducing the numbers of the colony-forming Clostridium perfringens units in the lower jejunum. No animal was lost in the experiment. Neither the body weight, growth rate, feed-conversion ratio, nor organ-weight data differed between the control (C) and treated (T) groups, indicating that the XENOFOOD diet did not result in any detectable adverse effects. We suppose that the parameters indicating a moderate enlargement of bursas of Fabricius (average weight, size, and individual bursa/spleen weight-ratios) in the XENOFOOD-fed group must be an indirect indication that the bursa-controlled humoral immune system neutralized the cytotoxic ingredients of the XENOFOOD in the blood, not allowing to reach their critical cytotoxic concentration in the sensitive tissues.},
	year = {2023},
	eissn = {2076-0817},
	orcid-numbers = {Vellai, Tibor/0000-0002-3520-2572; Hess, Claudia/0000-0002-3535-5157; Tarasco, Eustachio/0000-0001-6310-186X}
}

@article{MTMT:33871028,
	title = {New Antimicrobial Peptides From Bacteria/Invertebrate Obligate Symbiotic Associations},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33871028},
	author = {Fodor, András and Clarke, David J. and Dillman, Adler R. and Tarasco, Eustachio and Hazir, Selcuk},
	journal-iso = {FRONT MICROBIOL},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {33871028},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	keywords = {Multidrug resistance (MDR); non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS); Turkey multidrug resistance (MDR); non-ribosomal templated peptides (NRP); EPN/EPB symbiosis; Legume/Rhizobium symbiosis},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {1664-302X},
	orcid-numbers = {Clarke, David J./0000-0001-9082-0501}
}

@article{MTMT:33135935,
	title = {Editorial: Antimicrobial peptides and mRNA therapy: Clinical, Veterinary, and plant pathology perspectives with special attention to combatting MDR pathogens},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33135935},
	author = {Fodor, András and Méhi, Orsolya Katinka and Brivio, Maurizio},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.1030874},
	journal-iso = {FRONT MICROBIOL},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {33135935},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {1664-302X},
	orcid-numbers = {Méhi, Orsolya Katinka/0009-0004-7918-913X}
}

@article{MTMT:32779279,
	title = {Editorial: New Antimicrobial Peptides From Bacteria/Invertebrate Obligate Symbiotic Associations},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32779279},
	author = {Fodor, András and Clarke, David J. and Dillman, Adler R. and Tarasco, Eustachio and Hazir, Selcuk},
	doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2022.862198},
	journal-iso = {FRONT MICROBIOL},
	journal = {FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY},
	volume = {13},
	unique-id = {32779279},
	issn = {1664-302X},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {1664-302X}
}

@article{MTMT:32742483,
	title = {Type Strains of Entomopathogenic Nematode-Symbiotic Bacterium Species, Xenorhabdus szentirmaii (EMC) and X. budapestensis (EMA), Are Exceptional Sources of Non-Ribosomal Templated, Large-Target-Spectral, Thermotolerant-Antimicrobial Peptides (by Both), and Iodinin (by EMC)},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32742483},
	author = {Fodor, András and Gualtieri, Maxime and Zeller, Matthias and Tarasco, Eustachio and Klein, Michael G. and Fodor, Andrea M. and Haynes, Leroy and Lengyel, Katalin and Forst, Steven A. and Furgani, Ghazala M. and Karaffa, Levente and Vellai, Tibor},
	doi = {10.3390/pathogens11030342},
	journal-iso = {PATHOGENS},
	journal = {PATHOGENS},
	volume = {11},
	unique-id = {32742483},
	abstract = {Antimicrobial multidrug resistance (MDR) is a global challenge, not only for public health, but also for sustainable agriculture. Antibiotics used in humans should be ruled out for use in veterinary or agricultural settings. Applying antimicrobial peptide (AMP) molecules, produced by soil-born organisms for protecting (soil-born) plants, seems a preferable alternative. The natural role of peptide-antimicrobials, produced by the prokaryotic partner of entomopathogenic-nematode/bacterium (EPN/EPB) symbiotic associations, is to sustain monoxenic conditions for the EPB in the gut of the semi-anabiotic infective dauer juvenile (IJ) EPN. They keep pathobiome conditions balanced for the EPN/EPB complex in polyxenic (soil, vanquished insect cadaver) niches. Xenorhabdus szentirmaii DSM16338(T) (EMC), and X. budapestensis DSM16342(T) (EMA), are the respective natural symbionts of EPN species Steinernema rarum and S. bicornutum. We identified and characterized both of these 15 years ago. The functional annotation of the draft genome of EMC revealed 71 genes encoding non-ribosomal peptide synthases, and polyketide synthases. The large spatial Xenorhabdus AMP (fabclavine), was discovered in EMA, and its biosynthetic pathway in EMC. The AMPs produced by EMA and EMC are promising candidates for controlling MDR prokaryotic and eukaryotic pathogens (bacteria, oomycetes, fungi, protozoa). EMC releases large quantity of iodinin (1,6-dihydroxyphenazine 5,10-dioxide) in a water-soluble form into the media, where it condenses to form spectacular water-insoluble, macroscopic crystals. This review evaluates the scientific impact of international research on EMA and EMC.},
	year = {2022},
	eissn = {2076-0817},
	orcid-numbers = {Tarasco, Eustachio/0000-0001-6310-186X; Karaffa, Levente/0000-0002-3077-8732; Vellai, Tibor/0000-0002-3520-2572}
}

@article{MTMT:31364575,
	title = {Multidrug Resistance (MDR) and Collateral Sensitivity in Bacteria, with Special Attention to Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects and to the Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptides—A Review},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/31364575},
	author = {Fodor, András and Abate, Birhan Addisie and Deák, Péter and Fodor, László and Gyenge, Ervin and Klein, Michael G. and Koncz, Zsuzsanna and Muvevi, Josephat and Ötvös, László and Székely, Gyöngyi and Vozik, Dávid and Makrai, László},
	doi = {10.3390/pathogens9070522},
	journal-iso = {PATHOGENS},
	journal = {PATHOGENS},
	volume = {9},
	unique-id = {31364575},
	year = {2020},
	eissn = {2076-0817}
}

@misc{MTMT:30355860,
	title = {An Overview of Multi-Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria - From Selected Genetic and Evolutionary Aspects - A Review},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/30355860},
	author = {Fodor, András and Birhan, Addisie Abate and Deák, Péter and László, Fodor and Michael, G. Klein and László, Makrai and Josephat, Muvevi and Dávid, Vozik},
	doi = {10.20944/preprints201808.0036.v1},
	unique-id = {30355860},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1-33}
}

@article{MTMT:34560862,
	title = {Nematicidal activity of entomopathogenic bacteria against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita in-vitro},
	url = {https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34560862},
	author = {El-Deen, A. H. Nour and Fodor, András and El-Barty, Amal F.},
	journal-iso = {INT J ADV RES},
	journal = {INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH},
	volume = {2},
	unique-id = {34560862},
	year = {2014},
	eissn = {2320-5407},
	pages = {708-713}
}