TY - JOUR AU - El-Meouch, Nedim Márton AU - Máté, Éva AU - Trócsányi, András AU - Pirisi, Gábor AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - A koronavírus-válság strukturális és területi hatásai a magyarországi vállalati szektor sérülékenységére JF - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA J2 - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA VL - 19 PY - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 147 EP - 174 PG - 22 SN - 2062-1655 DO - 10.15170/MG.2024.19.01.09 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34431445 ID - 34431445 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - El-Meouch, Nedim Márton AU - Banai, Ádám AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - Can online banking replace personal banking? A survey of Hungarian banking habits JF - ACTA OECONOMICA J2 - ACTA OECON VL - 74 PY - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 37 EP - 64 PG - 28 SN - 0001-6373 DO - 10.1556/032.2023.00027 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34413064 ID - 34413064 AB - One of the important issues of banking today is the role bank branches and online banking solutions play in serving consumers. With the help of a representative Survey of 1,000 adults in Hungary conducted in 2022, we examine how well online and mobile banking solutions can provide a suitable alternative to bank branches. Based on our results, online banking solutions cannot fully replace personal banking in Hungary due to the customers' attitudes, as we can see that their use does not significantly affect the frequency of visits to the bank branch, and their usage rate does not increase with the distance from the bank branch. We also point out that for the Hungarian population the trend of bank branch closures may entail the risk of being left out of the formal financial system mostly for the older, digitally less receptive social strata living in small settlements and in a relatively worse financial situation. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Váncsa, Mariann AU - Takács, Gergő AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Tésits, Róbert TI - Behavioral Geography and Countryside. Disadvantaged and Rural Areas in the Cognitive Maps of Hungarian Secondary School Students TS - Disadvantaged and Rural Areas in the Cognitive Maps of Hungarian Secondary School Students JF - EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRYSIDE J2 - EAST EU COUNTRYSIDE VL - 29 PY - 2024 IS - 1 SP - 26 EP - 44 PG - 19 SN - 1232-8855 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34162800 ID - 34162800 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Hoványi, Gábor AU - Tésits, Róbert TI - Cognitive spatial perception and European Union image in a group of Hungarian high school students, 2022 JF - REGIONAL STATISTICS J2 - REG STAT VL - 13 PY - 2023 IS - 6 SP - 1202 EP - 1220 PG - 19 SN - 2063-9538 DO - 10.15196/RS130608 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34162850 ID - 34162850 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barcza, Attila AU - Csapó, János AU - Hinek, Mátyás AU - Marton, Gergely AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - Examining Seasonality in Tourism with Special Reference to the Recent Effects of Covid-19 – The Case of the Sopron-Fertő Tourism Destination (Hungary) JF - EUROPEAN COUNTRYSIDE J2 - EUR COUNTRYS VL - 15 PY - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 243 EP - 258 PG - 16 SN - 1803-8417 DO - 10.2478/euco-2023-0013 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34038893 ID - 34038893 AB - Seasonality, meaning that the vast majority of tourist locations do not distribute arrivals evenly throughout the year, in tourism, it is widely regarded as one of the most crucial problems for the majority of the world’s destinations, particularly in terms of sustainability. Nevertheless, despite its importance and that this unbalanced nature has become one of tourism’s most distinguishing characteristics, we can say that no globally comparable international measurement of seasonality is currently available. Based on the abovementioned phenomena, the main objective of the present study and research is to detect and analyse the tourism seasonality of a case study area, the Sopron-Fertő destination (Hungary), using multiple methodologies such as the Gini index, a representative consumer questionnaire and expert interviews. The analysis demonstrates seasonality in tourism demand between 2008–2021, based on which implications on product development and new directions and challenges, influenced by the most recent impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, are revealed and suggested. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - M. Császár, Zsuzsa AU - Tarrósy, István AU - Dobos, Gabor AU - Varjas, János AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - Changing geopolitics of higher education: economic effects of inbound international student mobility to Hungary JF - JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY IN HIGHER EDUCATION J2 - J GEOGR HIGHER EDUC VL - 47 PY - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 285 EP - 310 PG - 26 SN - 0309-8265 DO - 10.1080/03098265.2022.2045572 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32738490 ID - 32738490 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Chuluunbaatar, Erdenebayar AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - THE SHORTENING OF SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY CHAINS IN HUNGARY AND EUROPE JF - JOURNAL OF CENTRAL EUROPEAN GREEN INNOVATION J2 - J CENT EUR GREEN INNOV VL - 11 PY - 2023 IS - 2 SP - 93 EP - 110 PG - 18 SN - 2064-3004 DO - 10.33038/jcegi.4858 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34317026 ID - 34317026 N1 - Angol nyelvű cikk, magyar és angol nyelvű absztrakttal AB - The study examines the impact of supply disruptions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic and the energy security challenges primarily resulting from the Russian-Ukrainian war on the re-evaluation of sustainability considerations and the European green transition, especially regarding the potential strategic importance of renewable energy sources. The justification for the shortening of the long supply chains can be argued from the perspectives of supply security and sustainability. Furthermore, the economic validation of sustainability considerations is receiving increasing attention in professional discourse, sparking public debate. One of the primary tensions underlying these polemics is the conflict between short-term economic interests and long-term sustainability and environmental considerations. These interests often contradict each other, and the ongoing professional debate surrounding the shortening of supply chains provides relevant insight into these conflicts. However, the supply disruptions resulting from COVID-19 have re-emphasized the importance of supply security, prompting many economic actors to reconsider their supply strategies. The growing significance of supply security is evident in surveys, expert analyses, and economic strategic documents. The energy challenges posed by the Russian-Ukrainian war have, in turn, prompted EU policymakers to reform the energy strategy. The risks associated with energy security highlighted the vulnerabilities stemming from dependency on external fossil-based energy sources. This article aims to answer the question of how short-term economic interests and longer-term sustainability goals can be reconciled in light of the supply disruptions experienced during COVID-19 and the Russian-Ukrainian war. It does this through a literature review of professional debates and relevant expert analyses, strategic EU documents, and by examining key indicators of the EU's energy dependence. The restructuring of the EU's energy policy demonstrates the feasibility of rapidly implementing major transformations in complex systems when necessary. Beyond facilitating professional discourse, the experiences from these events can also boost the European green transition, as a green Europe built on its renewable resources can be more resilient against challenges of the future. This is in line with both economic and environmental objectives. The main conclusion of the research is that the EU's successful transition to renewable energy sources, in addition to achieving environmental goals, can contribute to reducing external risks through the alleviation of energy dependence. Furthermore, energy security provided by its own energy sources facilitates the growth of the real economy and underpins the EU's geopolitical position. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - The Effect of Turbulencies Caused by Covid-19 Epidemic on the Trends of the Spatial Structure of the Hungarian Economy JF - CONTROLLER INFO J2 - CONTROLLER INFO VL - 10 PY - 2023 IS - Special Issue SP - 32 EP - 42 PG - 11 SN - 2063-9309 DO - 10.24387/CI.2023.SPECIAL ISSUE.5 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34150940 ID - 34150940 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - Opportunities for the Central European, especially the Slovakian and Hungarian economies, based on the regionalization policies of the EU and the reshaping global value chains JF - SELYE E-STUDIES J2 - SELYE E-STUDIES VL - 14 PY - 2023 IS - 1 SP - 50 EP - 68 PG - 19 SN - 1338-1598 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/34125404 ID - 34125404 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - M. Császár, Zsuzsa AU - Tóth, Ábel Dávid AU - Czimre, Klára TI - Impacts of the international students’ consumption expenditures on the national economy in Hungary, 2020 JF - REGIONAL STATISTICS J2 - REG STAT VL - 12 PY - 2022 IS - 4 SP - 176 EP - 199 PG - 24 SN - 2063-9538 DO - 10.15196/RS120408 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33085573 ID - 33085573 AB - International students have a significant impact on the national economy in numerous fields, which is first and foremost realised in the sectors directly affected by their expenditures. Further, these economic impacts have spillover effects through intersectoral relations. Their patterns are in correlation, inter alia, with the system of supplier networks, the characteristics of products and product groups, and the contributions realised in the fields required to produce goods and services. Accordingly, the effect of one consumption unit is multiplied as it ♭passes through' through these relations systems, and thus, many other sectors of the economy may also benefit from it beyond the producers and service providers directly involved. To measure these spillover effects, the present study relied on the findings of a questionnaire survey conducted among students in the academic year of 2019/2020 (n=6296 students), the input-output analysis (IOA) published by the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (HCSO), and the multipliers calculated based on that as well as other data items of the HCSO. The results showed that in 2020, as a result of international students' consumption, 213 billion HUF worth of total output and approximately 124 billion worth of gross value-added were generated in the national economy as a whole. Moreover, student consumption also generated imports, amounting to approximately 25 billion HUF. In addition to the above dimensions, the consumption of students generated employment, and thus, income. As a consequence of the spending by the respective groups of international students, approximately 20,000 new jobs were created in the national economy as a whole, and the generated income exceeded 67 billion HUF, of which 53 billion were spent on wages and salaries. The results of the study are beneficial for all those who are affected by the presence of international students, the higher education institutions hosting them, and businesses building on their demands, and in a broad sense, the entire population of the host cities. They can also be useful for decision makers at the national, regional, and local levels. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Pirisi, Gábor AU - Tésits, Róbert AU - Trócsányi, András AU - Máté, Éva AU - Németh, Ádám TI - Examining a theoretical concept – (Im)Mobility as a factor of perforation in a rural Hungarian context JF - GEOGRAPHICA PANNONICA J2 - GEOGRAPHICA PANNONICA VL - 26 PY - 2022 IS - 4 SP - 319 EP - 333 PG - 15 SN - 0354-8724 DO - 10.5937/gp26-38880 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33252750 ID - 33252750 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Tésits, Róbert AU - Lempek, Melissza Zita AU - Kókay, Péter AU - Szabó, Róbert TI - Modern Geográfia: múlt, jelen és jövő – egy szakmai folyóirat elmúlt 15 évének tükre JF - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA J2 - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA VL - 17 PY - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 1 EP - 23 PG - 23 SN - 2062-1655 DO - 10.15170/MG.2022.17.01.01 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32224391 ID - 32224391 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Barcza, Attila AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Csapó, János AU - Hinek, Mátyás AU - Marton, Gergely TI - A COVID világjárvány és az energiaválság hatása a Sopron-Fertő turisztikai térség szezonalitására JF - TERÜLETFEJLESZTÉS ÉS INNOVÁCIÓ J2 - TERÜLETFEJLESZTÉS ÉS INNOVÁCIÓ VL - 15 PY - 2022 IS - 1-2 SP - 3 EP - 10 PG - 8 SN - 1789-0578 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33791011 ID - 33791011 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - El-Meouch, Nedim Márton AU - Tésits, Róbert AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - Measuring Spatial Distribution in the Banking System in Hungary. JF - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA J2 - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA VL - 17 PY - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 25 EP - 45 PG - 21 SN - 2062-1655 DO - 10.15170/MG.2022.17.01.02 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32587642 ID - 32587642 LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Enyedi, Fruzsina AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Tésits, Róbert TI - A Bükk-hegységtől a nemzetközi karsztkutatásig.. Beszélgetés Keveiné Bárány Ilonával. TS - Beszélgetés Keveiné Bárány Ilonával. JF - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA J2 - MODERN GEOGRÁFIA VL - 17 PY - 2022 IS - 3 SP - 1 EP - 12 PG - 12 SN - 2062-1655 DO - 10.15170/MG.2022.17.03.01 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32911170 ID - 32911170 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Pirisi, Gábor AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente AU - Kovács, Gabriella AU - Máté, Éva AU - Trócsányi, András TI - Kisvárosi reziliencia a COVID-19 járvány első hullámában – egy esettanulmány Mosonmagyaróvárról JF - CITY.HU: VÁROSTUDOMÁNYI SZEMLE J2 - CITY.HU VL - 2 PY - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 105 EP - 128 PG - 24 SN - 2786-4022 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/32895090 ID - 32895090 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Forgó, Gábor AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - A magyar védelmi ipar újraépítése Trianon és 2010 után – a két világháború között zajló haderőfejlesztés és a Zrínyi Honvédelmi és Haderőfejlesztési Program összevetése – Reconstruction of the Hungarian Defense Industry following the Treaty of Trianon (1920) and the year 2010 – comparison between the development of the Hungarian defensive capabilities between the two world wars and the Zrínyi National Defence and Force Development Program. JF - KÖZÉP-EURÓPAI KÖZLEMÉNYEK J2 - KÖZÉP-EU KÖZL VL - XV. évfolyam 2. szám PY - 2022 IS - XV. évfolyam 2. szám, 2022/2. №55 SP - 113 EP - 152 PG - 40 SN - 1789-6339 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33866628 ID - 33866628 AB - The article aims to provide a review about the main arguments regarding the Hungarian military development between the two world wars, and the Zrínyi National Defence and Force Development Program, which started in the 2010s and is still in progress. To highlight which goals and concepts they operate, what resources they are based on, and what economic and geopolitical consequences they create(d). Furthermore, we examine the state of the military and defense industry before the two military development programs, as well as the geopolitical situation and tensions surrounding the two military development programs and the main trends of the international defense industry, and we place the military development programs in relation to international trends. Due to the historical embedding of the topic and the consequences of the Trianon Peace Edict, we begin the study with a historical overview, in which we review the defense capabilities of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and especially the Kingdom of Hungary within. We will then briefly outline the background of the Hungarian collapse and the loss of the country after the First World War, as well as briefly deal with the National Army, which was the remainder of the nation's armed forces and formed the basis of the later Royal Hungarian Armed Forces, and the Hungarian free forces that succesfully fought for the referendum of Sopron to be held. We also deal in detail with the restrictions of the treaty of Trianon and the period of concealment (hiding of military hardware and units), which largely determined the conditions and starting position of the military development between the two world wars. Overall, it can be stated that the domestic military development program launched in the 1930s achieved significant results compared to the circumstances, but the rapid outbreak of the Second World War and the international environment did not favor it. International trends already showed an increase in defense spending from the beginning of the 1930s, which means that Hungary joined the trend with considerable delay. On the other hand, it currently seems that the announcement of the Zrínyi National Defence and Force Development Program preceded the upward trend in international defense spending by about five years. Indeed, defense spending in proportion to global GDP started to increase again from 2019, and the military development program of Germany has been announced in 2022. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Forgó, Gábor AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - A centrum periféria rendszer leképeződése a magyar gazdaság térszerkezetében – The impact of the core-periphery system in the spatial structure of the Hungarian economy. JF - GEOPOLITIKAI SZEMLE J2 - GEOPOL SZLE VL - №9 (2022/2.) szám PY - 2022 IS - №9 (2022/2.) szám SP - 61 EP - 90 PG - 30 SN - 2631-0775 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33866572 ID - 33866572 AB - Analysing the economic performance and development of the territorial units of Hungary, using the ratio of the average per capita GDP of each county to the national average as a measure and monitoring the temporal development of the differences within the country, the study reviews how and at what pace the position of Hungarian counties changed in this regard from 1990s until the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemy and points out how the relative economic position of each county in the force field of the center-periphery system has changed since the transition of political and economic regime. We highlight how the economic transformation influenced and reorganized the internal structure of the Hungarian spatial economy, as well as the relative economic position of the counties in each region. These processes mainly benefited the capital, Budapest, and typically the western and north-western regions of the country, in contrast to the north-eastern and southern regions, which tended to face a downturn. We investigate the how the dimensions economic disparities within the country have changed, decreased or increased, largely depending on the extent to which the region was able to connect to the European center. The differences in development within the country are greatly influenced by the proximity and accessibility of the core areas of Budapest and the German-Austrian core areas of Europe, which also puts the areas of North Transdanubia connecting these two focal points in an favorable position. In addition, smaller local core scions and emerging areas are evolving, but these are typically not strong enough to provide a serious alternative to the economic overweight of the capital. LA - English DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Forgó, Gábor AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - Az ellátási láncok átalakulása körül kibontakozó szakmai diskurzus a COVID-19 járvány okozta turbulenciák, valamint a modern termelési rendszerek szemszögéből – Exploring the professional discourse surrounding the transormation of supply chains in the light of the turbulence caused by the COVID-19 epidemic and the modern production systems. JF - GEOPOLITIKAI SZEMLE J2 - GEOPOL SZLE VL - 8 PY - 2022 IS - 1 SP - 23 EP - 51 PG - 29 SN - 2631-0775 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33866542 ID - 33866542 AB - The article aims to provide a review about the main arguments of the discourse regarding the potential transformation, sustainability and survival of global production networks and systems, partly due to the change in economic strategy following the COVID-19 pandemic, relate to the conditions of modern production methods. in the light of external turbulences such as trade war and the increasing geopolitical tensions. Putting production and supply systems on a scientific footing unfolded in the 20th century, and by the end of the century the global economy was spreading around on the globe. The study also reviews the major plant-level production systems and production philosophical methods, examining how they are exposed to different types of turbulence, how vulnerable they are to the supply disruptions caused by COVID-19, as they are the building blocks of the global production system. With the characteristics and vulnerabilities of production systems in mind, we review and examine the main arguments for and against the survival and robustness of global, long supply chains. Furthermore, the arguments have been made for and against the rise of reshoring, regionalization and localization. We will then evaluate them after considering the global trends, economic strategic objectives, and ongoing geopolitical processes. The extent to which the global production system based on long, complex cross-continental, supply chains may change and the scope for shortening supply chains is still uncertain, but the turbulence caused by the trade war, the COVID-19 epidemic, rising geopolitical tensions and in addition to more expensive transport, given the Russia-Ukraine conflict since early 2022 and its economic consequences, it seems likely that the lines of force in world trade could be significantly redrawn during the next decade. LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER - TY - JOUR AU - Szabó, Zoltán Tamás AU - Forgó, Gábor AU - Alpek, Balázs Levente TI - A centrum-periféria viszony periféria rendszer leképeződése a magyar gazdaság térszerkezetében JF - GEOPOLITIKAI SZEMLE J2 - GEOPOL SZLE VL - 4 PY - 2022 IS - 2 SP - 61 EP - 90 PG - 30 SN - 2631-0775 UR - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/33558775 ID - 33558775 LA - Hungarian DB - MTMT ER -