TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirischuk, S
AU  - Héja, László
AU  - Kardos, Julianna
AU  - Billups, B
TI  - Astrocyte sodium signaling and the regulation of neurotransmission
JF  - GLIA
J2  - GLIA
VL  - 64
PY  - 2016
IS  - 10
SP  - 1655
EP  - 1666
PG  - 12
SN  - 0894-1491
DO  - 10.1002/glia.22943
UR  - https://m2.mtmt.hu/api/publication/2972585
ID  - 2972585
N1  - University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Physiology, Mainz, Germany            
            Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary            
            Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia            
            Cited By :38            
            Export Date: 6 April 2021            
            CODEN: GLIAE            
            Correspondence Address: Kirischuk, S.; University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany; email: brian.billups@anu.edu.au
AB  - The transmembrane Na+ concentration gradient is an important source of energy required not only to enable the generation of action potentials in excitable cells, but also for various transmembrane transporters both in excitable and non-excitable cells, like astrocytes. One of the vital functions of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) is to regulate neurotransmitter concentrations in the extracellular space. Most neurotransmitters in the CNS are removed from the extracellular space by Na+ -dependent neurotransmitter transporters (NeuTs) expressed both in neurons and astrocytes. Neuronal NeuTs control mainly phasic synaptic transmission, i.e., synaptically induced transient postsynaptic potentials, while astrocytic NeuTs contribute to the termination of phasic neurotransmission and modulate the tonic tone, i.e., the long-lasting activation of extrasynaptic receptors by neurotransmitter that has diffused out of the synaptic cleft. Consequently, local intracellular Na+ ([Na+ ]i ) transients occurring in astrocytes, for example via the activation of ionotropic neurotransmitter receptors, can affect the driving force for neurotransmitter uptake, in turn modulating the spatio-temporal profiles of neurotransmitter levels in the extracellular space. As some NeuTs are close to thermodynamic equilibrium under resting conditions, an increase in astrocytic [Na+ ]i can stimulate the direct release of neurotransmitter via NeuT reversal. In this review we discuss the role of astrocytic [Na+ ]i changes in the regulation of uptake/release of neurotransmitters. It is emphasized that an activation of one neurotransmitter system, including either its ionotropic receptor or Na+ -coupled co-transporter, can strongly influence, or even reverse, other Na+ -dependent NeuTs, with potentially significant consequences for neuronal communication. GLIA 2015.
LA  - English
DB  - MTMT
ER  -