Background:
In 2021, Hungary introduced general practitioner (GP) clusters to improve access to
local healthcare and strengthen cooperation among primary care providers. However,
there is limited evidence on how these clusters operate.
Objective:
The aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive description of how GP practices
and clusters function, and to describe variables associated with a GP's participation
in a cluster.
Methods:
We analysed national data on general practices and GP clusters in Hungary for the
period 2021–2024. This data was obtained from the National Hospital Directorate and
supplemented with information from publicly available sources. After harmonising and
integrating the data, we used descriptive statistical methods to characterise the
operation of practices and clusters. We also used multivariate regression models to
examine factors associated with GPs' decisions to join a cluster.
Results:
Between 2021 and 2024, the number of GP clusters increased from 365 to 422. Nearly
half of all practices had joined by 2024. On average, clusters included seven practices,
with one-third collaborating with dentists. Significant regional disparities were
observed in cluster participation, while the adoption of digital health technologies
and point-of-care tests remained limited. While GP clusters have expanded nationwide,
participation appears higher in better-resourced districts.
Conclusion:
As in many other developed countries, GP clusters have become increasingly widespread
in Hungary. One-third of these clusters involve collaboration between GPs and dentists.
While these clusters provide a variety of professional services, challenges persist
due to vacant practices and regional disparities. To ensure sustainability, future
efforts should strengthen digital health integration and promote the widespread adoption
of innovative services provided by GP clusters.
