Epilepsy remains a global challenge, with about one-third of affected patients being
resistant to treatment. Seizures and motor abnormalities characterized by movement
difficulties are common in epilepsy, highlighting the need for treatments that can
both improve motor outcomes and control seizures. The therapeutic potential of Cannabidiol
(CBD) in this regard necessitates a review that explores its effects and underlying
mechanisms of action. This study reviewed studies from major scientific databases
on the use of CBD in animal and human models of epilepsy. We also integrated tools
of network pharmacology and molecular modeling to investigate how CBD may interact
with various biological targets. The cannabinoid broadly demonstrates minimal or no
changes in motor outcomes, reinforcing its low toxicity and tolerability. Evidence
suggests that CBD has potential for seizure control by prolonging the time to seizure
onset and decreasing seizure severity. The antiepileptic effects of CBD involve the
modulation of multiple targets or genes. This multitarget interaction network may
underlie its neuroprotective effects by regulating endocannabinoid signaling, neurotransmission,
inflammation, and metabolic pathways. Chemical bonding between CBD and key protein
residues reinforces evidence supporting its interaction with these targets. Despite
the limited clinical data and algorithmic constraints of network pharmacology, the
present findings reveal the potential of CBD to improve epileptic outcomes. The multitarget
mechanisms of this phytocannabinoid offer valuable insights that may guide and advance
epilepsy research.
