Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is an antiplatelet agent widely used in cardiology and
has an essential role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
By irreversibly inhibiting cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), ASA reduces platelet aggregation
and the risk of thrombotic events, being recommended in the secondary prevention of
myocardial infarction, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. It is also a central
element in the treatment of acute coronary syndromes, administered in combination
with other antiplatelet agents. However, its use is not without risks, the main adverse
effects being gastrointestinal and intracranial hemorrhages. In primary prevention,
the benefits are questionable, requiring a careful evaluation of the risk-benefit
ratio. Current research is exploring strategies for optimizing the administration
of ASA, including dose adjustment, intermittent administration, and identifying biomarkers
that allow for personalized use. The development of safer alternatives and innovative
formulations could improve the safety profile of ASA in the future. Thus, individualization
of treatment remains essential to maximize efficiency and reduce associated risks.
