Cardiovascular abnormalities are associated with acute pancreatitis (AP). Here, we
temporarily link these abnormalities to AP outcomes. We systematically searched PubMed,
EMBASE, and Cochrane on 5th November 2023 and included 44 studies (n = 5.3 million
patients, 63.8% retrospective) containing United States National Inpatient Sample
cohorts, where overlap may occur; without these databases, 1.2 million patients remained.
We analyzed chronic heart failure (CHF), atrial fibrillation (AF), repolarization
changes, and QTc prolongation on ECG in association with mortality and severity using
odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in
a random-effects model. AP patients with AF face 2.69-fold increased odds of mortality
in AP (OR, 2.69; CI, 1.34-5.38). Severe and moderately severe AP ([M]SAP) is associated
with 2.75-times higher odds of repolarization changes on ECG (OR, 2.75; CI, 1.19-6.36).
Cardiac assessment is essential in acute pancreatitis; prospective studies should
address long-term cardiovascular complications.
