(Open access funding provided by Semmelweis University)
Szakterületek:
Szív és érrendszer
Szülészet és nőgyógyászat
Congenital heart defect (CHD) is a leading cause of neonatal mortality, with early
maternal risk factors playing a significant role in its development. This systematic
review and meta-analysis investigated the relationship between maternal factors during
the first trimester and CHD. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023476855).
MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane TRIALS were systematically searched for eligible cohort
and case-control studies. The primary outcome was the risk of the fetus developing
CHD under the effects of maternal factors. The outcome was estimated by odds ratios
(ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the random-effects model. Seventy-eight
studies with 393 534 cases and 29 493 495 controls were included. Maternal pre-pregnancy
diabetes (OR 2.91, 95% CI 2.10-4.03), obesity (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13-1.33), active
(OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.03-1.57) and passive smoking (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.30-5.46), and chronic
hypertension (OR1.39, 95% CI 1.02-1.90) significantly increased the risk of overall
CHD in offspring. While underweight was not associated with overall CHD, it showed
a slight association with ventricular septal defect (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.18). These
findings emphasize the importance of optimizing maternal health and lifestyle before
and during pregnancy and provide evidence for public health strategies to reduce the
risk of CHD.
