Heart failure (HF) remains a major challenge in cardiovascular medicine, contributing
to high global rates of hospitalization and mortality. Recent research (2022–2025)
has emphasized its heterogeneity, highlighting distinct phenotypes—HFpEF, HFmrEF,
and HFrEF—driven by mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, myocardial fibrosis,
and neurohormonal imbalance. Advances in therapy, particularly with sodium–glucose
cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI),
and iron supplementation, have reshaped treatment strategies. Moreover, the growing
recognition of overlaps between HF and cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic, Takotsubo,
and amyloidosis underscores the need for integrated care. This review summarizes recent
findings from leading journals, mapping the evolving understanding of HF pathophysiology
and management, and outlining emerging directions for research and clinical practice.
