Making a constitution is about making political identity and creating political community.
This paper investigates how the Hungarian Fundamental Law (entered into force in 2012)
and its amendments have been based on constant enemy creation. In the first section,
the theoretical framework of enemy- and identity construction of the Orbán regime
has been deeply analysed. The Schmittian concepts of friend and foe relation, repolitization,
and the Kossellck’s well-known asymmetric counter concepts have been used to demonstrate
the commitment of the Hungarian political regime to make constitutional identity as
an enemy creation. In the second part the constitutional enemy creation has been contextualized
and the pre-2010s roots of the constitutional weaponization and the emerging hegemony
of the Orbán regime have been problematized. The main contribution of this paper is
the set up of the deep analytical framework of the Constitutionalised Image of Enemy
(CIE) which phrase has been named and introduced by this research. It has been argued
here that the three main CIEs of the Hungarian Fundamental Law are the anti-Communism,
anti-immigration and anti-gender attitude and its constitutional framework. Summarizing
the paper, it is claimed here that at the heart of Hungarian constitutional identity
is the Schmittian friend-enemy dichotomy which has been integrated in the framework
of asymmetrical counter concepts, moreover the significant social impact of the CIEs
is unleashed considerable anger and hatred.
