Implementation issues of using the new state-issued universal personal identifier by third-parties in Hungary

A new universal personal identifier, the digital citizen ID was introduced in Hungary. The law requires that not only public authorities, but certain third-party electronic service providers' systems should be accessible by using the digital citizen ID. There is also a legal requirement that forbids the building of personal profiles by unauthorized actors. The currently used technical solution in the electronic authentication process by third-party service providers does not fulfil this requirement; though there are proven approaches, based on the use of Encrypted Anonymous Linking Codes, to provide proper solutions. The paper presents the challenge and proposes appropriate solutions. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.