Background/Objectives: Nutrition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a central
concern for both patients and healthcare professionals, as it plays a key role not
only in daily life but also in disease outcomes. The Mediterranean diet represents
a healthy dietary pattern that may be suitable in many cases of IBD. Among other factors,
health literacy (HL) influences patients’ dietary habits and their ability to follow
nutritional recommendations. The aim of this study was to assess HL and dietary patterns
in adolescent and pediatric patients with IBD. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional
study that included a total of 99 participants (36 patients with IBD receiving biological
therapy recruited from a single center and 63 healthy controls). HL was assessed using
the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) tool regardless of disease activity, whereas diet quality
was evaluated by the KIDMED questionnaire exclusively in patients in remission. Linear
regression models were used to evaluate the effects of sex, age and group (patients
vs. control) on NVS and KIDMED scores. Results: Most participants (87.9%) had an adequate
HL, which was positively associated with age. While the most harmful dietary habits
(such as frequent fast-food consumption) were largely absent in the patient group,
KIDMED scores indicated an overall poor diet quality. Conclusions: Although HL increased
with age and was generally adequate in this cohort, it did not translate into healthier
dietary patterns as measured by the KIDMED score. Further research with larger, more
diverse samples is needed to clarify the relationship between HL and dietary adherence
in adolescents with IBD.
