https://m2.mtmt.hu/ hun 2026-05-01 15:04 JournalArticle 36212418 VALIDATED true This research was funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH K142517, STARTING 150473). Project no. TKP-6-6/PALY-2021 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-NVA funding scheme. This research has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the EKÖP-24-3-BME-251 funding scheme. This research was partly supported by the János Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences No. BO/00508/22/6 and BO/00980/23/7. 0 false 2026-04-27T07:44:42.932+0000 2025-12-18T17:24:39.891+0000 2025-06-26T09:35:39.731+0000 true 10001106 Toldy Andrea /api/author/10001106 Author true 10001106 2026-01-02T18:44:09.554+0000 2025-07-15T07:05:13.859+0000 true 10072271 Andódy Katalin /api/admin/10072271 Admin true true false true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType 1 true 24 JournalArticle true 10000059 Article true 24 24 /api/publicationtype/24 PublicationType 1 true 24 JournalArticle /api/subtype/10000059 Szakcikk SubType 101 true 10000059 true 1 /api/category/1 Category true 1 Toldy, Andrea Synergistic flame retardancy of carbon fibre-reinforced polyimine vitrimer composites via vitrimer-based intumescent coating true true /api/journal/1142734 REVIEWED true false 1142734 false 1142734 true 1359-835X 1878-5840 Journal FOREIGN 198 109135 109135 13 2025 We developed sustainable, recyclable carbon fibre-reinforced polyimine vitrimer composites with enhanced flame retardancy via a combination of resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP) in the matrix and a 10 %P ammonium polyphosphate (APP) intumescent coating, offering a promising alternative to conventional epoxy systems for advanced applications. Fire performance was evaluated using Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI), UL94, and mass loss calorimetry (MLC) tests. The APP coating acted via a condensed‐phase mechanism, forming a dense, phosphorus oxide‐rich char that reduced the peak heat release rate (pHRR) from 289 kW/m2 to 126 kW/m2—the lowest observed among the tested formulations. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM‑EDS) analysis revealed significant phosphorus enrichment in the outer char layer and, notably, an increased phosphorus content in the inner char when RDP was incorporated into the matrix. This synergistic effect indicates that RDP’s gas‐phase action effectively complemented APP’s condensed‐phase mechanism, further enhancing LOI, extending time to ignition (TTI), and reducing total heat release (THR), significantly improving overall fire resistance. Although benchmark epoxy composites exhibited higher tensile strengths, the vitrimer systems maintained competitive mechanical properties alongside superior recyclability, the ability to apply the intumescent coating via hot pressing, and intrinsic repairability. 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<span class="author-name" mtid="10001106"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10001106" target="_blank">Toldy Andrea ✉ (<span class="authorship-author-name">Toldy Andrea</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Polimer mátrixú kompozitok, égésgátlás</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Polimertechnika Tanszék; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatócsoport</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10071290"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10071290" target="_blank">Poór Dániel István (<span class="authorship-author-name">Poór Dániel István</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Gyártástechnológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Gyártástudomány és -technológia Tanszék; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatócsoport</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10042594"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10042594" target="_blank">Szolnoki Beáta (<span class="authorship-author-name">Szolnoki Beáta</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> szerves kémia, polimerek égésgátlása</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Vegyészmérnöki és Biomérnöki Kar">VBK</span>/Szerves Kémia és Technológia Tanszék</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10056359"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10056359" target="_blank">Geier Norbert (<span class="authorship-author-name">Geier Norbert</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> Gyártástechnológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Gyártástudomány és -technológia Tanszék</span> ;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span class="author-name" mtid="10060579"><a href="/gui2/?type=authors&mode=browse&sel=10060579" target="_blank">Pomázi Ákos (<span class="authorship-author-name">Pomázi Ákos</span> <span class="authorAux-mtmt"> polimertechnika, műanyag- és száltechnológia</span>) </a> </span> <span class="author-affil"><span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/Polimertechnika Tanszék; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/MTA-BME Lendület Fenntartható Polimerek Kutatócsoport; <span title="Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem">BME</span>/<span title="Gépészmérnöki Kar">GPK</span>/<span title="Polimertechnika Tanszék">PT</span>/HUN-REN-BME Kompozittechnológiai Kutatócsoport</span> </div> </div> <div class="title"><a href="/gui2/?mode=browse&params=publication;36212418" target="_blank">Synergistic flame retardancy of carbon fibre-reinforced polyimine vitrimer composites via vitrimer-based intumescent coating</a></div> <div> <span class="journal-title">COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING</span> <span class="journal-issn">(<a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1359-835X">1359-835X</a> <a target="_blank" href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/1878-5840">1878-5840</a>)</span>: <span class="journal-volume">198</span> <span class="page"> Paper 109135. 13 p. </span> <span class="year">(2025)</span> </div> <div class="pub-footer"> <span class="language" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">Nyelv: Angol | </span> <span class="identifiers"> <span class="id identifier oa_GOLD" title=" Gold "> <a style="color:blue" title="10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109135" target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2025.109135"> DOI </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X25004294" target="_blank" href="https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1359835X25004294"> Kiadónál </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="001522262500003" target="_blank" href="https://www.webofscience.com/wos/woscc/full-record/001522262500003"> WoS </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_GREEN" title=" Green "> <a style="color:black" title="222591" target="_blank" href="http://real.mtak.hu/222591"> REAL </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="105008915571" target="_blank" href="http://www.scopus.com/record/display.url?origin=inward&eid=2-s2.0-105008915571"> Scopus </a> </span> <span class="id identifier oa_none" title="none"> <a style="color:blue" title="https://phd.gpk.bme.hu/pub/s/j/l9/t3?15588589" target="_blank" href="https://phd.gpk.bme.hu/pub/s/j/l9/t3?15588589"> Egyéb URL </a> </span> </span> <OnlyViewableByAuthor><div class="ratings"> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Ceramics and Composites&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> <div class="journal-subject">Folyóirat szakterülete: Scopus - Mechanics of Materials&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SJR indikátor:&nbsp;D1</div> </div></OnlyViewableByAuthor> <div class="publication-citation" style="margin-left: 0.5cm;"> <span title="Nyilvános idézőközlemények összesen, említések nélkül" class="citingPub-count">Nyilvános idéző összesen: 2</span> | Független: 2 | Függő: 0 | Nem jelölt: 0 | WoS jelölt: 2 | WoS/Scopus jelölt:&nbsp;2 | DOI jelölt:&nbsp;2 </div> <div class="publication-citation"> <a target="_blank" href="/api/publication?cond=citations.related;eq;36212418&sort=publishedYear,desc&sort=title"> Idézett közlemények száma: 16 </a> </div> <div class="mtid"><span class="long-pub-mtid">Közlemény: 36212418</span> | <span class="status-data status-VALIDATED"> Egyeztetett </span> Forrás Idéző | <span class="type-subtype">Folyóiratcikk ( Szakcikk ) </span> | <span class="pub-category">Tudományos</span> | <span class="publication-sourceOfData">Scopus</span> </div> <div class="lastModified">Utolsó módosítás: 2025.12.18. 18:24 Szuper Admin (admin) </div> <pre class="comment" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0;"><u>Megjegyzés</u>: This research was funded by the National Research, Development and Innovation Office (NKFIH K142517, STARTING 150473). Project no. TKP-6-6/PALY-2021 has been implemented with the support provided by the Ministry of Culture and Innovation of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-NVA funding scheme. This research has been implemented with ...</pre> </div></div>