Background: COPD is a heterogenous disease of the respiratory tract caused by diverse
genetic factors along with environmental and lifestyle-related effects such as industrial
dust inhalation and, most frequently, cigarette smoking. These factors lead to airflow
obstruction and chronic respiratory symptoms. Additionally, the increased risk of
infections exacerbates airway inflammation in COPD patients. As a consequence of the
complex pathomechanisms and difficulty in treatment, COPD is among the leading causes
of mortality both in the western countries and in the developing world. Results: The
management of COPD is still a challenge for the clinicians; however, alternative interventions
such as smoking cessation and lifestyle changes from a sedentary life to moderate
physical activity with special attention to the diet may ameliorate patients’ health.
Here, we reviewed the effects of different dietary components and supplements on the
conditions of COPD. Conclusions: COPD patients are continuously exposed to heavy metals,
which are commonly present in cigarette smoke and polluted air. Meanwhile, they often
experience significant nutrient deficiencies, which affect the detoxification of these
toxic metals. This in turn can further disrupt nutritional balance by interfering
with the absorption, metabolism, and utilization of essential micronutrients. Therefore,
awareness and deliberate efforts should be made to check levels of micronutrients,
with special attention to ensuring adequate levels of antioxidants, vitamin D, vitamin
K2, magnesium, and iron, as these may be particularly important in reducing the risk
of COPD development and limiting disease severity.
