Introduction: Eating disorders are characterized by maladaptive eating behaviors and
preoccupations around body shape, weight, and eating. The serotonin system has been
among the most widely studied neurobiological factors in relation to eating disorders.
Recent research also highlighted the role of oxytocin.Aims and methods: This article
aims to review animal and human studies on the involvement of central serotonin and
oxytocin, and their interplay in eating disorders in particular. We synthesize results
from studies using animal models of eating disorders and from research conducted in
healthy individuals and clinical populations.Results/Outcomes: Altered serotonin neurotransmission
and oxytocin levels in the brain-particularly in the hypothalamus, brainstem, and
limbic regions-were associated with disturbances in eating behaviors and related maladaptive
cognitions and emotions. These brain regions were found to constitute a typical neural
network through which both central serotonin and oxytocin might operate in a bidirectional
manner.Conclusions/Interpretation: Based on the preceding findings, we describe a
developmental biopsychosocial model relevant to eating disorders, including the role
of serotonin-oxytocin interactions in the brain. While it is clear that eating disorders
are multifactorial in which many biopsychosocial pathways are involved, the current
review highlights the importance of well-designed translational research when studying
mechanisms of serotonin-oxytocin interactions in the brain. Such research would help
to better understand the effects of joint central oxytocin and serotonin administration
as a possible preventive or therapeutic intervention for eating disorders.
