Comparative Analysis of Single, Double, and Triple Diode Models for Accurate I-V Curve Fitting of Perovskite Solar Cells

This paper provides a comparative analysis of the single-diode model (SDM), double-diode model (DDM), and triple-diode model (TDM) to assess the accuracy and efficacy of each model for fitting the I-V curves of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The study employs a hybrid optimization algorithm that combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and sequential quadratic programming (SQP) to extract the unknown parameters of each model to fit the experimental I-V data of PSC. The same initial parameter values and iteration numbers were employed for each model to ensure that the comparison reflected only the model's accuracy without any influence from the optimization algorithm. The results indicate that the TDM exhibited better performance in capturing the I-V characteristics of PSCs with greater precision and fewer iterations, surpassing both the SDM and DDM, making TDM a convenient choice for PSCs, with SDM as the second preferred option. However, the ideality factors for all three models deviated from the normal range that is usual in conventional single-junction cells (between 1 and 2), and any attempts to constrain their values within this range will compromise the accuracy of all three models. Thus, albeit mathematically, all three models show a satisfactory fit to measured curves, the physical interpretation of the model parameters that are commonly accepted for single junction semiconductor cells is not applicable for PSCs. © 2024 IEEE.