This systematic review investigates the probable effect of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
use on the severity of periodontal disease and peri-implantitis and implant survival.
We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Central Library up
to April 2024. Two review authors independently screened the title and abstracts and
then the full texts of retrieved studies. Observational and clinical trial studies
that assessed the association between PPI use and periodontal disease severity and
peri-implantitis or implant survival were included. Data extraction from the included
studies was done by 2 reviewers independently. Of 940 studies initially retrieved
from online searching, 7 met the inclusion criteria. Three studies examined periodontitis,
whereas 4 focused on peri-implantitis and implant longevity. On the contrary, evidence
regarding the impact of PPI use on peri-implantitis and implant survival is conflicting.
Therefore, more well-designed randomized controlled trials are warranted to come to
a definite conclusion. Because PPIs alter the gut microbiome and affect bone, plus
that the pathogenesis and etiology of periodontal disease are affected by bacteria
within the periodontal pocket, it is hypothesized that they may affect periodontal
pathogenesis.
