Background and Objectives: The advent of augmented reality (AR) in spinal surgery
represents a key technological evolution, enhancing precision and safety in procedures
such as pedicle screw instrumentation. This review assesses the current applications,
benefits, and challenges of AR technology in spinal surgery, focusing on its effects
on surgical accuracy and patient outcomes. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive
review of the literature published between January 2023 and December 2024 was conducted,
focusing on AR and navigational technologies in spinal surgery. Key outcomes such
as accuracy, efficiency, and complications were emphasized. Results: Thirteen studies
were included, highlighting substantial improvements in surgical accuracy, efficiency,
and safety with AR and navigational systems. AR technology was found to significantly
reduce the learning curve for spinal surgeons, improve procedural efficiency, and
potentially reduce surgical complications. The challenges identified include high
system costs, the complexity of training requirements, the integration with existing
workflows, and limited clinical evidence. Conclusions: AR technology holds promise
for advancements in spinal surgery, particularly in improving the accuracy and safety
of pedicle screw instrumentation. Despite existing challenges such as cost, training
needs, and regulatory hurdles, AR has the potential to transform spinal surgical practices.
Ongoing research, technological refinements, and the development of implementation
strategies are essential to fully leverage AR’s capabilities in enhancing patient
care.
