Background: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of pregnancy-related maternal and fetal
morbidity and mortality. Although its precise cause and prevention remain unclear,
risk factors such as overweight and inadequate nutrient intake (e.g., calcium, folic
acid, and vitamin D) are known to increase its incidence. Recent research has focused
on the genetic predisposition to preeclampsia, identifying polymorphisms that may
affect enzyme or receptor function. This study aims to review existing literature
examining the relationship between genetic polymorphisms, BMI (body mass index), and
nutrient levels in preeclampsia to develop more actionable therapeutic strategies.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted to analyze studies on the nutrigenetic
relationship between BMI, micronutrients, and preeclampsia. Results: A total of 17
studies investigating 12 genes related to BMI and 10 studies exploring 3 genes in
relation to micronutrient levels were included in the analysis. Several polymorphisms
associated with preeclampsia were found to be influenced by maternal BMI or serum
vitamin levels. The interactions between certain gene variants and these factors suggest
that both BMI and micronutrient status may modify the risk of developing preeclampsia
in genetically predisposed individuals. Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the potential
for reanalyzing existing data by categorizing based on genotype and nutrient levels.
This approach could yield more personalized dietary and therapeutic recommendations
for managing preeclampsia. In the future, genetic information may support the development
of tailored nutritional counseling during pregnancy to mitigate preeclampsia risk.
