Purpose of reviewOligometastatic tumors illustrate a distinct state between localized
and systematic disease and might harbor unique biologic features. Moreover, these
tumors represent a different clinical entity, with a potential of long-term disease
control or even cure, therefore they receive growing attention in the field of urologic
oncology.Recent findingsCurrently, there is no consensus on the definition of oligometastatic
prostate cancer, most experts limit it to a maximum of three to five lesions and involvement
of no more than two organs, excluding visceral metastases. Quality data on oligometastatic
bladder cancer is scarce, however, a consensus of experts defined it as a maximum
of three metastatic lesions, either resectable or suitable for stereotactic therapy,
without restrictions to the number of organs involved. As for kidney cancer, a maximum
number of five metastases, without limitations to the location are defined as oligometastatic,
with an important implication of timing of developing metastases since diagnosis of
the primary tumor.SummaryDefining oligometastatic state among urological tumors reflecting
their distinct biological and clinical behavior is crucial to establish a sound framework
for future clinical trials, and to facilitate guideline and policy formulation for
improved patient care. Advancements in molecular imaging are expected to transform
the field of oligometastatic urologic tumors in the future.
