Bird feeding by people is one of the most popular human-wildlife interactions globally.
Urban ecology studies generally recognize that cities offer a more favourable habitat
for many wintering birds compared to natural areas, primarily due to the increased
availability of the winter food sources provided by people. However, actual field
surveys about the residents’ bird feeding activity are rare. Here we surveyed bird
feeders during the winter of 2021–2022 at 5-5 locations in two cities in Hungary.
We recorded the number and type of bird feeders, the type of food offered, the number
of bird species and individuals visiting the feeders. The density of feeders was higher
in Veszprém, a middle-sized city (range: 60.1–206.1 bird feeders/km 2 ) compared to
Budapest, the capital city of Hungary (23.3–83.0 bird feeders/km 2 ). The most frequent
food types were fat balls, seed mix, and sunflower seeds in both cities. We registered
a total of 516 individuals of 24 species on the feeders, and found that the type of
the feeder, but not the city, significantly affected both the number of individuals
and species visiting bird feeders. These results help to get a more complete picture
of how the winter food supplies of birds are shaped by urbanization.
